遮阳网对酿酒葡萄果实及葡萄酒品质的影响

摘要

遮阳网可以通过调节微气候来影响果树的生长和果实的发育.该试验以酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’和‘西拉’为材料,于201 5年在新疆和硕进行遮阳网试验,处理时间为转色期(8月5日)至采收前12d(9月5日),探究遮阳网对酿酒葡萄果实和相应葡萄酒相关品质指标的影响.结果表明:(1)遮阳网显著降低了日均温度、光照强度和光合有效辐射,增加了日均湿度,有效改善了葡萄生长的微气候.(2)与露地相比,遮网处理使葡萄果实的横径、纵径和单果重都有所增加;能够显著抑制葡萄果实糖分的过快积累和有机酸的快速降解,进而降低葡萄酒酒精度;能够显著提高葡萄果实和葡萄酒中总酚和总单宁含量,并显著降低总花色苷和总类黄酮含量.(3)采用HPLC法在葡萄和葡萄酒中共检测出9种单体花色苷,在‘赤霞珠’果实中除花青素-3-葡萄糖苷外,其余8种单体花色苷的含量都是露地对照高于遮阳网处理,在‘西拉’果实中除二甲花翠素-3-香豆酰化葡萄糖苷外,其余8种单体花色苷也是露地对照高于遮阳网处理.研究结果为解决炎热产区生产中葡萄成熟过快、葡萄酒酒精度过高等问题以及提高酿酒葡萄和葡萄酒品质具有一定的实际指导意义.%The shading net can affect the growth of fruit tree and the development of berry by adjusting the microclimate.Experiments were conducted in Heshuo (Xingjiang) in 2015,using Vitis vinifera L.cv.Cabernet Sauvignon and Vitis vinifera L.cv.Syrah as materials.Treating time was from verasion (August 5th) to 12 days before harvest (September 5th).The results showed that:(1) the shading net decreased the daily average temperature,illumination intensity and photosynthetically active radiation,and increased the daily average humidity,effectively improving the microclimate of grapevine growing.(2) The transverse diameter,the vertical diameter and the fruit weight of grape berry treated with shading net were increased.The shading net effectively inhibited the excessive accumulation of sugar and the rapid degradation of organic acids in grape berry,and reduced the alcohol content in wine.The contents of total phenol and tannin were increased,and the contents of total anthocyanin and flavonoid in grape berries and wines were decreased in treatment group.(3) Nine kinds of monomeric anthocyanins were detected in grape and wine with HPLC.Except anthocyanin-3-glucoside,the other 8 kinds of monomeric anthocyanins in Cabernet Sauvignon berry and wine were lower in shading treatment than those in the control,while in Syrah berry and wine,the monomeric anthocyanins were also lower in shading treatment,except dimethoate-3-coumaroylated glucoside.Due to global warming,this study is helpful to alleviate the problems of rapid ripening of grape berry,and high alcohol content of wine in hot wine regions,and is meaningful to improve the qualities of grape and wine.