论戴名世序跋与科举

摘要

Dai Mingshi′s position shouldn′t be neglected in the school of Tongcheng in Qing Dynasty. His life was full of ups and downs and finally died in prison owing to inappropriate writing. He hated literary form of imperial examination, but he didn′t give up the pursuit of imperial examinations and eventually succeeded in them. Because of many failures in imperial examinations and many dif⁃ficulties from family, Dai Mingshi had to teach and sell articles. Although he complained about imperial examination in which talents couldn′t be selected out, he didn′t deny it, and on this basis he made some suggestions to education administrators, examination paper reviewers and examination participants. Dai Mingshi had predestined relationship with imperial examination, and we can say that it made him poor, successful and destructive.%在清代桐城派作家中，戴名世不可忽视。他生活坎坷，最后命丧于文字狱中，一生充满了浓厚的悲剧色彩。戴名世虽不喜好时文，但没有放弃对科举的追求。他曾多次参加乡试和会试，在科举上最终获得了巨大成功。由于在科举上屡试不售，加之家境贫寒，因此戴名世只得授徒卖文，过着困顿而无奈的羁旅生活，备尝人生的酸楚和艰辛。从戴名世所作的一些序跋来看，尽管他对科举不得真才愤愤不平，对科举中的一些恶劣现象强烈批判，但他并没有否定科举，而是对司教者、衡文者以及应举者提出建议，寄予希望。戴名世与科举有着不解之缘，他的跌宕起伏、惊心动魄的人生与科举有着紧密联系。可以说，是科举贫困了戴名世，成就了戴名世，并最终毁灭了戴名世。