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CLUSTERS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: SUB-METROPOLITAN STRUCTURES AND INTRA-METROPOLITAN MOVEMENT.

机译:经济活动的集群:次大都市的结构和大都市内部的运动。

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摘要

This work is an attempt to assess the applicability and utility of one analytic concept, that of industrial clustering, as a tool for examining one of the important areas in planning and urban economics, the intra-metropolitan movement of employment. Although it has some theoretical foundations, the industrial cluster is purely empirical, based solely on geographic association of industries. This gives it a sensitivity to locational behavior that has both advantages and disadvantages for analyzing locational structures.; The first step in defining clusters was a principal component analysis of County Business Patterns employment data, for 1965 and 1970, for U.S. metropolitan counties both individually and aggregated to metropolitan areas. This yielded four factor structures (metro and county for each of the years). A number of factors in each structure seemed to have some meaning or internal logic; these were collected, compared, and discussed as elements of U.S. locational structure. Two types of factors emerged "functional-position" factors which concerned a place's position in a functional hierarchy, and which contained mostly market-oriented activities, and "economic-base" factors, containing mostly manufacturing industries. Factors (and thus clusters) were shown to exist at the sub-metroplitan (county) level; some were similar to metropolitan factors, while others contained essentially the same industries as metropolitan factors, yet were present in very different places. The differences and similarities between the metro and the county factors proved to be of particular interest.; For the examination of intra-metropolitan movement of employment, fourteen clusters of industries were formed from the factors. For each of these clusters a selection was made, from the 105 metropolitan areas with both central and suburban counties, of those metropolitan areas in which the cluster was present. For these selected places, the 1965-70 change in central share of cluster employment was compared with that of total employment in order to gauge the extent to which cluster employment decentralized or resisted decentralization.; Clusters generally remained together between 1965 and 1970, whether they decentralized more than total employment or not. There was some support for the proposition that market-oriented clusters would tend to move to inner suburban counties and manufacturing clusters to outer suburban ones. There appeared to be no relationship between change behavior and either average establishment size or changes in average establishment size.; The cluster approach proved to have some utility for examining intra-metropolitan movement of employment, although there were some problems associated with it, and continued development could well increase this potential. Suggestions are made for improving the techniques associated with this approach.
机译:这项工作旨在评估一种分析概念(即产业集群)的适用性和实用性,以此作为工具来研究规划和城市经济学中的重要领域之一,都市内的就业运动。尽管具有一定的理论基础,但产业集群完全基于经验,完全基于产业的地理关联。这使它对位置行为具有敏感性,在分析位置结构时既有优点也有缺点。定义集群的第一步是对1965年和1970年美国大都市县的县商业模式就业数据进行主成分分析,无论是单独还是汇总到大都市区。这产生了四个要素结构(每年的都会区和县)。每个结构中的许多因素似乎都有一定的意义或内部逻辑。这些都作为美国位置结构的要素进行了收集,比较和讨论。出现了两种类型的因素,即“功能位置”因素,这些因素与场所在功能层级中的位置有关,主要包含市场导向的活动,而“经济基础”因素则主要包含制造业。事实表明,因素(以及集群)存在于亚大都市(县)一级;一些与大都市因素相似,而另一些与大都市因素本质上包含相同的行业,但存在于非常不同的地方。地铁和郡县因素之间的差异和相似性被证明是特别令人感兴趣的。为了考察都市内的就业动向,从这些因素形成了十四个产业集群。对于这些集群中的每个集群,都从105个具有中心和郊区县的都市区中选择了集群所在的那些都市区。对于这些选定的地方,将1965-70年集群就业的中央份额变化与总就业变化进行了比较,以衡量集群就业分散化或抵制分散化的程度。集群在1965年至1970年之间总体上保持在一起,无论它们分散的程度是否超过总就业率。有一种观点支持以下观点:以市场为导向的集群将趋向于向内郊区县转移,而将制造集群向外部郊区县转移。变更行为与平均机构规模或平均机构规模的变化之间似乎没有任何关系。尽管存在一些问题,但集群方法被证明对检验都市内的就业流动具有一定的实用性,持续发展可以大大增加这种潜力。提出了改进与该方法相关的技术的建议。

著录项

  • 作者

    CHERNIACK, HOWARD DAVID.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.;

  • 授予单位 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.;
  • 学科 Urban and Regional Planning.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1980
  • 页码 573 p.
  • 总页数 573
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 区域规划、城乡规划;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:51:38

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