声明
Acknowledgements
Abstract
摘要
Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Research Background
1.2 Significance of the Research
1.3 Organization of the Thesis
Chapter 2 Literature Review
2.1 Phonological Awareness
2.1.1 Definition of Phonological Awareness
2.1.2 Research on Phonological Awareness
2.1.3 Assessment of Phonological Awareness
2.2 Phonics
2.2.1 Definition of Phonics
2.2.2 Different Phonics Approaches
2.2.3 Research on Phonics
2.3 Phonetic Awareness
2.3.1 Definition of Phonetic Awareness
2.3.2 Research on Phonetics
2.4 Word Reading and Spelling
2.5 Theoretical Bases for Phonological Instruction
2.5.1 Language Transfer
2.5.2 Phonological Loop Theory
2.5.3 Chunk
2.5.4 Phonological Processing Skills
2.5.5 Alphabetic Principle
2.5.6 Phonological Rules
2.5.7 Grapheme-phonologieal Correspondence
2.5.8 Relationship between Phoneme,Grapheme,Phonology,Phonetics and Phonics
2.5.9 Relationship between Phonics,Phonetic Awareness,Phonological Awareness,and Phoneme Awareness
2.5.10 Pseudoword or Nonword
Chapter 3 Research
3.1 Hypothesis and Research Questions
3.2 Participants and Variables
3.2.1 Participants
3.2.2 Variables
3.3 Basic Information and Data Collection
3.3.1 Material
3.3.2 Tests
3.3.3 Instruments
3.4 Research Procedures
Phase One
3.4.1 Phonological Awareness Instruction
Phase Two
3.4.2 Phonetic Symbols Instruction
Phase Three
3.4.3 Phonics Instruction
Chapter 4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Results&Analysis on English Language Proficiency Pre-test
4.2 Results&Analysis on English Language Proficiency Post-test
4.3 Post-test on the Students Phonological Skills
4.3.1 Post-test on the Comprehensive Phonological Skills
4.3.2 Post-test on the GPC Ability
4.3.3 Post-test on the Unknown Word Reading
4.3.4 Post-test on the Pseudoword or Nonword Reading
4.3.5 Post-test on the Phoneme Categorization and Identification
4.4 Post-test on Word Spelling
4.5 Post-test on the Reading Comprehension
4.6 Analysis on Questionnaire
4.7 Analysis on Interviews
4.8 Post-test on the Persistence of Effects on English Proficiency
Chapter 5 Conclusion
5.1 Major Findings and Implications
5.2 Suggestions
5.3 Limitation
5.4 Areas for Further Research
References
Appendix Ⅰ Grapheme-phoneme Correspondence of Letter Combinations
Appendix Ⅱ Phonics of Vowel Patterns
Appendix Ⅲ Phonics of Consonant Patterns
Appendix Ⅳ Phoneme Awareness Training
Appendix Ⅴ Post-Test on Phonological Skills
Appendix Ⅵ Post-test on Word Reading
Appendix Ⅶ Real Word and Nonword Reading Practice
Appendix Ⅷ Activities for Phonics Training
Appendix Ⅸ Phonics and Phoneme Practice
Appendix Ⅹ Research Plan for Phonological Instruction
Appendix Ⅺ Teaching Plan for Unit 4 Where’s my backpack?
Appendix Ⅻ Pronunciation Instruction Questionnaire
Appendix (13) Post-Test on English Proficiency