女性意识在赛珍珠的《庭院中的女人》和张爱玲的《怨女》中的体现

摘要

赛珍珠曾经在1938年获得了诺贝尔文学奖,也是第一位同时获得普利策奖和诺贝尔奖的女作家。她的传记性作品“丰富而又真实地讲述旧中国的农村生活”。1857年,赛珍珠出生在一个长老会传教士家庭里。在幼儿时期就被父母带到中国传教,并在中国度过了半辈子。与赛珍珠相比,张爱玲的背景有很大的不同。她系出名门,祖父张佩纶是清末名臣,祖母李菊耦是朝廷重臣李鸿章的长女。但是,她们对中国传统社会的规范和礼节的看法上有很多的相同点。这些相同点充分地体现在了她们的文学作品中。本文主要探究的是女性意识在赛珍珠的《庭院中的女人》和张爱玲的《怨女》中的体现。尽管两部文学作品一个是由美国作家写的,另一个由中国作家写的,但是她们都不约而同地关注旧中国时期女性的身份与地位问题。此外,她们在文学小说中表现女主角女性意识的视角有很大的不同。
　　在中国20世纪的上半叶,伴随着社会上各种文化冲突的涌现,中国女性在身体上和心理上都发生了戏剧性的变化。从某种意义上说,文化冲突可以看作是女性意识崛起的重要催化剂。而这些冲突和改变又恰好反应在了赛珍珠的《庭院中的女人》和张爱玲的《怨女》中。因此,本文结合了大量的西方关于女性的理论研究,将对两部文学作品中女主角的女性意识从主题上,叙事上以及其它诗学方面进行对比,同时通过小说中的文化冲突,社会变革和人物变化,凸显出每一部文学作品中所特有的诗学理论,从而探索不同视角下的中国女性意识在四十至五十年代的崛起,进而激发读者思考并合理地解决当今社会上存在的更多女性问题。

目录

中文摘要

英文摘要

目录

Introduction

Chapter OneFemaleThematic and NarrativePerspectives

1.1 Womanhood, Femininity and Female Consciousness

1.1.1Two Characteristic Examples ofChineseWomanhood

1.1.2Stifled Femininity

1.1.3The Awakening of Female Consciousness

1.2 Men Versus Women\(GenderPolitics\):Performance,Stereotypes and Performativity

1.2.1Ethics andGender

1.2.2StereotypicalRoles: ResistingTraditionsLeads toCulturalConflicts.

1.2.3Rites Versus Rights: APerformativeRepetition ofGenderRoles.

1.3The EchoofanAwakeningfrom thePoetics ofGender

1.3.1Performances of Female Identity

1.3.2Symbolismin the Protagonist’s Awakening

1.3.3Symbolism in theName of Buck’s Heroine—Ailian

1.3.4Symbolism in theName of Chang’s Heroine—Yindi

Chapter twoFundamentalDifferences

2.1 Two Fundamentally Different Novels \(Narrative\)

2.1.1MajorDifferences ofCulturalPerspectives,Coming ofAge, andStruggleBetween Good andEvil in terms ofStory,Text andNarration

2.1.2MajorDifferencesLeadingtoDifferentCharacterizations ofTwoHeroines

2. 2Women VersusWomen: the Burden of the Past

2.2.1TheContrastiveRelationships in theRepresentation ofChanges andCultural Conflicts

2.2.2FemaleMutual Relationships \(Thematic\): Buck: fromPersecution toMutual Comprehension

2.2.3FemaleMutual Relationships \(Thematic\): Chang: fromPersecution toMuch More Persecution

2.3 TheSignificance of theEarth inSymbolizing theProtagonists’ Awakening in theTwoNovels

2.3.1ResistanceBased onEarth

2.3.2TheContinuity ofSurvival ofMankindbyStanding up on theEarth in Buck’s Pavilion of Women

2.3.3TheVictoriousFailure byTaking theEarth as aCarrierofMoney in Chang’sThe Rouge of theNorth

2.3.4TheSignificance of theEarth for theAwakening ofFemaleConsciousness

Chapter ThreeFurther Findings and Implications

3.1Fruitfulquestioning ofsocialvalues:love,freedom \(self-belonging\)

3.1.1StrongDesire for thePursuit ofTrueLove

3.1.2StrongDesire for thePursuit ofFreedom

3.1.3Painstaking Struggle forTheirGenderBalance orEquality

3.2The Influences of the Two Works

3.2.1Eileen Chang’sUniqueWay ofRealisticStyle

3.2.2ControversialIssues on Buck’sCulturalIdentity

3.3The Further Implications of Their Commitments to Change

3.3.1Changes in Buck’sNovels

3.3.2Changes in Chang’sNovel

3.3.3 Further Implications

Conclusion

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