从合作原则视角分析戏剧对白翻译中的语用等效——以王佐良译《雷雨》为例

摘要

戏剧是一种综合的艺术形式，它可以给予观众在视觉和听觉上的美感。戏剧文本具有既可以用来阅读也可以用来表演的双重性特征，这使戏剧翻译被列为翻译界最困难、问题最多的领域之一。而无论从戏剧的可读性或者是可表演性来进行戏剧翻译研究，戏剧对白始终应是主要的研究对象。本文旨在从合作原则的视角来研究戏剧对白翻译中的语用等效。
　　语言学的相关理论，诸如格赖斯的合作原则和会话含义一般用来分析现实生活中的人物对话，却很少应用于包括戏剧在内的文学作品研究。通过将合作原则和会话含义应用到戏剧翻译研究中，本文作者旨在以一种相对新颖的视角来拓宽戏剧翻译的研究领域。根据格赖斯的合作原则，会话的参与者为了完成有效的交际任务会遵循合作原则及其四个准则。然而在实际交际中，人们有时会有意违反合作原则中的某项准则，以获得会话含义来实现其特殊的交际目的。翻译也可以视为一种交际过程，合作原则在该过程中不仅能够帮助译者了解原作，而且有助于译者将其更好地再现给目的语读者。将合作原则应用于翻译中，可以帮助译者了解原作中的会话含义，并进一步实现其在目的语文本中的语用语言等效和社交语用等效。
　　在合作原则及其四个准则的指导下，本文作者从《雷雨》中选出一些典型的例子，并分析推断出其中蕴含的会话含义。通过进一步分析王佐良如何在《雷雨》英译本中实现语用语言等效和社会语言等效，作者总结出直译法、意译法和改编法可以用来翻译戏剧对白中的会话含义，并实现翻译中的语用等效。

目录

声明

Declaration

Acknowledgements

Abstract

摘要

Contents

Chapter One Introduction

1．1 Research Background

1．2 Research Questions and Methodology

1．3 Research Significance

1．4 Organization of the Thesis

Chapter 2 Literature Review

2．1 Previous Studies on Drama Translation

2．1．1 Drama and Drama Language

2．1．2 Studies on Drama Translation at Home

2．1．3 Studies on Drama Translation Abroad

2．1．4 Studies on the Translated Version Thunderstorm

2．2 Previous Studies on Equivalence

2．2．1 Studies on Equivalence at Home

2．2．2 Studies on Equivalence Abroad

2．2．3 Studies on Pragmatic Equivalence

Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework

3．1 Grice’s Cooperative Principle

3．1．1 Definition of Cooperative Principle

3．1．2 Four Maxims of Cooperative Principle

3．1．3 The Violation of Cooperative Principle and Its Four Maxims

3．2 Conversational Implicature

3．2．1 Definition of Conversational Implicature

3．2．2 Classification of Conversational Implicature

3．2．3 Characteristics of Conversational Impficature

3．3 Pragmatic Equivalence

3．3．1 Pragmalinguistic Equivalence

3．3．2 Sociopragmatic Equivalence

Chapter 4 Pragmatic Analysis and Translation of Conversational Implicature in Dialogues of Lei Yu

4．1 Cao Yu and Lei Yu

4．2 Wang Zuoliang and Thunderstorm

4．3 The Inference and Analysis of Conversational Implicature of Lei Yu and Thunderstorm

4．3．1 The Translation of Impficature Inferred by the Maxim of Quantity

4．3．2 The Translation of lmplicature Inferred by the Maxim of Quality

4．3．3 The Translation of Implicature Inferred by the Maxim of Relation

4．3．4 The Translation of Impfieature Inferred by the Maxim of Manner

4．4 General Principles of Translating Dialogues with Conversational Implicature to Achieve Pragmatic Equivalence Under Cooperative Principle

Chapter 5 Pragmatic Equivalence in the Dialogue Translation of Lei Yu

5．1 Pragmalinguistic Equivalence in the Dialogue Translation of Lei Yu

5．1．1 Equivalence in Translating Drama Language、with Characteristics

5．1．2 Equivalence in Translating Figures of Speech

5．1．3 Equivalence in Translating Syntactic Types

5．2 Sociopragmatic Equivalence in the Dialogue Translation of Lei Yu

5．2．1 Equivalence in Translating Culture-loaded Words

5．2．2 Equivalence in Translating Chinese Idioms

5．2．3 Equivalence in Translating Consumer Goods

5．2．4 Equivalence in Translating Forms of Addressing

5．3 Concrete Translating Strategies to Achieve Pragmatic Equivalence

5．3．1 Literal Translation

5．3．2 Liberal Translation

5．3．3 Adaptation

Chapter 6 Conclusion

6．1 Major Findings of the Present Research

6．2 Limitations of the Present Research

6．3 Suggestions for Further Research

References