从关联理论看《围城》隐喻英译中文化喻体意象的传递

摘要

文化意象是民族文化中能高度体现民族特性的一部分，大多凝聚着各个民族的智慧。隐喻汉英翻译中，以汉语的文化模式来硬套英语，导致交际失败的问题容易引起译者或读者足够的重视，经常成为各方探讨解决的重点，但是翻译过程中汉语文化喻体意象的亏损现象长期存在，却很少引人注意。
　　本文旨从关联理论出发，从小说《围城》及其英译本中选取语料，研究其中文化意象丰富的隐喻英译，包括翻译策略、具体翻译方法及其文化喻体意象的传递效果。在关联理论框架下，翻译是一种以语言为媒介、介于两种文化之间的交际行为，是语际间的阐释性使用。格特(Gutt)在关联翻译理论中定义了两种翻译策略，直接翻译和间接翻译。格特指出，由于隐喻性语言传递信息的开放性和不确定性，译者对其任何隐含信息的明示化都可能误导目的语读者对隐喻的解读。他所定义的直接翻译强调保留源语所有交际线索，让目的语读者由此独立解读原作者交际意图。间接翻译策略则力求译语读者用较小的认知努力所达到的对译文的解读相似于源文本的预期解读。
　　在《围城》的隐喻英译中，译者多倾向于选择直接翻译的策略，保留源语文化的特色风貌。就文化喻体意象的传递效果来说，其翻译策略和方法的选择有得有失，如在隐喻文化意象不能被英语读者的认知语境认同时，直译加注法的使用虽然保留了源语文化意象，却给读者带来较大的认知负担;而增译法能更好地传递文化意象及其内涵意义。以最大限度传递文化意象为出发点，以关联翻译理论为指导，本文指出译语读者的认知语境在源文本语境下对源语文化意象的接受程度，对隐喻翻译策略的选择起着关键的作用:当源语意象被认同时，应选择直接翻译策略，以使源语意象得到全面传递;当源语意象被排斥时，首选的间接翻译策略是保留该意象并明示其与源语语境最相关的隐含信息，将难以避免的意象亏损程度降至最低。

目录

声明

摘要

Abstract

Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1 Literature Review

1．1 Fortress Besieged and Metaphors in It

1．1．1 A Brief Introduction to Fortress Besieged

1．1．2 Features of Metaphor in Fortress Besieged

1．1．3 Categories of Metaphor in Fortress Besieged

1．2 Cultural Factors in Metaphor Translation

1．2．1 Cultural Images in Metaphor and Translation

1．2．2 Cultural Loss in Metaphor Translation

1．3 Previous Studies on Metaphor and Its Translation

1．3．1 Studies on Metaphor

1．3．2 Studies on Metaphor Translation

Chapter 2 Relevance Theory and Metaphor Translation

2．1 Essential Concepts in Relevance Theory

2．1．1 Informative Intention and Communicative Intention

2．1．2 Context and Cognitive Environment

2．1．3 Contextual Effect

2．1．4 Principle of Relevance

2．2 Metaphor Understanding with Relevance Theory

2．2．1 Relevance Theoretic Account of Metaphorical Expression

2．2．2 Metaphor as an Ostensive Stimulus

2．2．3 Metaphor as a Search for Implications

2．3 Relevance Theory and Translatability of Specific Culture

Chapter 3 Strategies and Methods of Metaphor Translation in View of Relevance Theory

3．1 Direct Translation and Indirect Translation Defined by Gutt

3．1．1 Direct Translation

3．1．2 Indirect Translation

3．2 Choices of Strategies in Metaphor Translation

3．2．1 Context as an Important Concept in Relevance Theoretic Account of Translation

3．2．2 Cases Where Source Image Identified by Target Context

3．2．3 Cases Where Source Image Rejected by Target Context

3．3 Possible Translation Methods in the Above Cases

Chapter 4 Transference of Cultural Image in Metaphor Translation in Fortress Besieged

4．1 Strategies of Metaphor Translation in Fortress Besieged

4．2 Cases Where the Original Images are Retained

4．2．1 Direct Translation

4．2．2 Amplification as in Indirect Translation

4．3 Cased Where the Original Images are Abandoned

4．3．1 Paraphrase

4．3．2 Substitution

4．3．3 Omission

4．4 Evaluation on Cultural Image Transference in Metaphor Translation in Fortress Besieged

4．5 More on Cultural Image Transference in Metaphor Translation in General

Conclusion

Bibliography

Appendix 1

Appendix 2

Acknowledgments

攻读学位期间主要的研究成果目录