Abstract
摘要
Contents
Introduction
Chapter One Literature Review
1.1 Study on Washback
1.1.1 Definition of Washback
1.1.2 Nature of Washback
1.1.3 Theoretical Studies on Washback
1.1.4 Empirical Studies on Washback
1.2 Review on Communicative Competence
1.2.1 Hymes’ View
1.2.2 Canale and Swain’s View
1.2.3 Bachman’s Communicative Language Ability(CLA)
1.2.4 Hedge’s View
Chapter Two Theoretical Foundation
2.1 Hedge’s Definition of Oral Communicative Competence
2.2 Models of Washback
2.2.1 Alderson and Wall’s Washback Hypotheses
2.2.2 Hughes’ Trichotomy
2.2.3 A Basic Model of Washback
Chapter Three Methodology and Procedure
3.1 Research Design
3.1.1 Research Questions
3.1.2 Raters and Subjects
3.1.3 Instruments
3.2 Data Collection
3.2.1 Rater-training and Rating Procedures
3.2.2 Oral Test for Freshmen
3.2.3 Questionnaire Survey
3.3 Analysis Methods
3.3.1 Inter-rater Consistency Analysis
3.3.2 Correlation Analysis
3.3.3 Reliability Analysis
Chapter Four Results and Discussion
4.1 Expert Judgment
4.1.1 Results of Experts’ Opinions
4.1.2 Overview of Experts’ Opinions
4.2 Oral Test for Freshmen
4.3 Questionnaire Survey
4.3.1 The Participants’ Views on the NMET and English Teaching and Learning
4.3.2 The Participants’ Teaching and Learning Actions
4.3.3 Participants’ Teaching and Learning Results
4.3.4 The Results of Open-ended Questions
Conclusion
Bibliography
AppendixⅠ 专家问卷调查表
AppendixⅡ 2011年新生入学口试评分表
AppendixⅢ 教师问卷调查表
AppendixⅣ 学生问卷调查表
Acknowledgement
声明