Abstract
摘要
Contents
A List of Abbreviations
A List of Tables
Introduction
Chapter One Literature Review
1.1 Definition of Washback
1.2 Nature of Washback
1.3 Proposals to Promote Beneficial Washback
1.3.1 Hughes’ Proposals
1.3.2 Kellegan and Greaney’s Proposals
1.3.3 Bailey’s proposals
1.4 Theoretical Studies of Washback
1.5 Empirical Studies of Washback
Chapter Two Theoretical Background
2.1 Alderson and Wall’s Washback Hypotheses
2.2 Hughes’ Washback Model
2.3 Prodromou’s Overt and Covert Washback
Chapter Three Methodology of the Study
3.1 Research Questions
3.2 Participants
3.2.1 Senior School English Teachers
3.2.2 Senior Ⅲ Students
3.2.3 College English Teachers
3.3 Instruments
3.3.1 Questionnaire
3.3.2 Classroom Observation
3.3.3 Interview
3.4 Data Collection Procedure
Chapter Four Major Findings and Discussions
4.1 Findings from Senior School English Teachers
4.1.1 Findings from Classroom Observation
4.1.2 Findings from Teacher Interview
4.2 Findings from Students
4.2.1 General Information of the Students
4.2.2 Washback Exerted by the NMET
4.3 Findings from College English Teachers
4.3.1 Attitudes towards NMET
4.3.2 Opinions about Students’ Oral Competence
4.4 Discussion
Conclusion
Bibliography
AppendixⅠ 2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖南卷)
AppendixⅡ 2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖南卷)参考答案
AppendixⅢ 湖南省高考英语测试对高中英语教学的反拨作用调查问卷(学生卷)
AppendixⅣ 课堂观察量表
AppendixⅤ 高中英语教师访谈卷
AppendixⅥ 高校英语教师访谈卷
Acknowledgements
声明