摘要：
Recently,metamaterials attract much attention due to a number of possible applications including those for microwave range,perfect lenses and electromagnetic cloaking.Conventionally,a metamaterial is considered to consist of metal wires and metal split rings assembled in a periodic cell structure.However,such design suffers from too small dimensions and is not suitable for cases when the objects made of metamaterial aim for large-scale applications.In this review,we will show a particular type of metamaterials,named as metacomposites,i.e.,fiber reinforced composite material with the meta-material characteristics;particularly magnetic microwire array enabled composites that can be employed for a range of engineering applications from structural health monitoring of composite components to frequency selective response in radar radome as a typical example.In such metacomposites,the negative permeability is due to the ferromagnetic resonance and the negative permittivity is realized from the plasmonic response which is dominated by the geometrical parameters of the inclusions,such as size and topology.They are advantageous in simplified design,isotropic in-plane performance,and possible tunability of performance by stress,magnetic field and current.For a feasible metacomposite fabricated from microwire arrays,one could approach optimized design or modulation via intrinsic features of the wire inclusions in terms of composition,length,diameter,post-fabrication treatments,hybridization to achieve the finest tuning capability and thus,prospective applications.In addition to such metacomposite design philosophy of key topic to this review,manufacturing automation and the resultant structural performance are also carefully addressed in order to obtain a truly applicable multifunctional composite.%超材料由于在微波器件、完美镜片和电磁隐身等多方面的应用潜力,引起了很多关注.典型的传统超材料可以金属线和开口环以周期性结构构建而成.然而,这种设计的尺寸太小,并且不适用于基于超材料的大规模应用.在这篇综述中,我们将展示一种特殊类型的超材料,我们称为超复合材料:即具有超材料特性的纤维增强的复合材料.其中重点讲述了磁性微丝阵列使役的超复合材料及其在复合材料构件的结构健康监测、雷达天线罩中的频率选择性响应等一系列工程场景中的典型应用示例.在这种超复合材料中,负磁导率是由铁磁共振引起的,负介电常数是由等离子体响应实现的,等离子体响应由添加相的尺寸和拓扑结构等几何参数决定.该种材料在简化设计、实现面内各向同性性能以及应力、磁场和电流驱动的性能可调性方面具有优势.此外,可以通过调控纤维填料在组成、长度、直径的本征特征、进行后处理、或者与其他材料进行混杂等方式进行优化设计,以实现最佳的调谐能力,从而实现预期的应用.除了聚焦超复合材料设计理念之外,还详尽阐述了自动化制造过程和制备出来的材料的结构性能,以期获得真正实用的多功能复合材料.
