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物理学报

物理学报

北大核心

Acta Physica Sinica
刊登物理学科各领域中原创性成果的前沿研究综述、研究快讯及研究论文。该刊以论文水平高、创新性强，发表速度快的特点，受到国内外物理学工作者的高度重视，被国际著名的SCI等17种核心检索系统收录。2004年在SCI数据库中，影响因子为1.250。该刊被引频次已连续5年居中国物理类期刊第一位，已达到国际期刊的中上水平。在中信所数据库中，该刊被引频次和影响因子已连续7年居中国物理类期刊第一位，曾多次被评为中国科学院优秀期刊一等奖，荣获首届、第二届、第三届国家期刊奖，2001年荣获中国期刊方阵“双高”（高知名度，高学术水平）期刊和2001，2002，2003，2004，2005年百种中国杰出学术期刊奖。　　　 欢迎各省、市、县图书情报界、科技教育界、高科技企业界及广大物理学工作者订阅。
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  • 发文量：26474
  • 被引量：8949
  • H指数：3
  • 开始收录时间：1954(2)
  • CNKI综合因子：0.864
  • 维普期刊影响因子： 0.79
  • 万方期刊影响因子：0.8
  • 创刊时间：1933
  • 国内刊号/CN：11-1958/O4
    国际刊号/ISSN：1000-3290
  • 发行周期：半月刊
    邮发代号：2-425
  • 主管单位：中国科学院
    主办单位：中国物理学会，中国科学院物理研究所
物理学报-联系信息
  • 主编：欧阳钟灿
  • 电话：010-82649829 82649294 82649241 82649815
  • 邮箱：apsoffice@iphy.ac.cn
  • 地址：北京603信箱
  • 邮编：100190
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  • • 卓越计划期刊
  • • 1999、2003、2007年，获得首届、第二届、第三届国家期刊奖
  • • 2000年，获中国科学院优秀期刊特等奖
  • • 2001年，《中国期刊方阵》"双高"（高知名度、高学术水平）期刊
  • • 2002年，第三届中国科协优秀期刊一等奖
  • • 2001年至今，中国科技信息研究所"百种中国杰出学术期刊"
  • • 2008年至今，荣获"中国精品科技期刊"称号
  • • 2009年，新中国60年有影响力的期刊
  • • 2010，第二届中国出版政府奖期刊奖（全国共10种科技期刊）
  • • 2012年至今，"中国最具国际影响力学术期刊"（清华知网）
  • • 2013年，获得国家新闻出版广电总局全国"百强科技期刊"; 2014年， 2014中国最具国际影响力学术期刊
  • • 2015年，2015中国最具国际影响力学术期刊
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物理学报 >2023年第22期

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  • 摘要：We employ ab initio plane-wave pseudo potential density functional theory to calculate the equilibrium lattice parameters,elastic constants,anisotropies,Poisson＇s ratios,and the Cauchy violation under hydrostatic pressures of 0—60 GPa for BC5 with hexagonal P3m1 and tetragonal I4m2 structures.The results show that two structures are stable under high pressure and the incompressibility increases with pressure.In addition,the electron structures,the total and the partial densities of states are also calculated.BC5 is found to be metallic with band gap,unlike other B-C compounds.The material properties of BC_5 are mainly determined by B 2p~1 and C 2p~2 electronic states together.All these show that BC5 is an unusual super hard material,and it may be a potential candidate for diamond at high temperature.The given density of states indicates the covalent hybridization between B and C atoms in this compound.The pressure slightly influences the density of states and the band gap,indicating stability under high pressure.We also find that pressure has no influence on the density of states near Fermi level and the band gap,except for slight shifts of the bands.It can be further inferred that BC5 will have good stability under high pressure.%采用平面波赝势密度泛函理论方法对0—60 GPa静水压下BC_5六角晶系P3ml和四方晶系I4m2结构的平衡态晶格常数、弹性常数、各向异性以及泊松比与Cauchy扰动进行了研究.研究结果表明,BC_5的两种结构在高压下是稳定的,且不可压缩性随着压强的增加而增大.另外,对其电子结构也进行了计算,计算结果表明,BC_5存在一个较宽的带隙,两种原子问有较强的共价杂化,材料的性质主要由B的2p~1和C的2p~2态电子共同决定.压强对材料带隙和费米能级附近的态密度几乎没有影响,只引起微小的漂移,可推断其很好的高压稳定性.
  • 摘要：提出了基于互相关的多普勒OCT（correlated Doppler optical coherence tomography,CD-OCT）方法,能够有效的抑制噪声,实现低信噪比条件下的流速探测.对CD-OCT算法进行了详细的推导,分析了噪声的相关性对该算法结果的影响,最后基于谱域和时域联合探测方法（joint specral and time domain optical coherence tomography,STD-OCT）以及CD-OCT算法的对比实验证明了该算法能够进一步实现信噪比的提高,使测量的结果更为稳定.%A new method based cross-correlation technique（CD-OCT） is proposed to acquire and analyse the information about flow velocity with low signal-to-noise ratio（SNR） in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography（SD-OCT）.We theoretically study the procedure of this method,and analyse the correlation between the noises by computer simulation and experiment.The Doppler flow images reconstructed by CD-OCT are compared with those reconstructed by Joint spectral and time-domain optical coherence tomography （STD-OCT）.The results demonstrate that CD-OCT can significantly improve the SNR,thus rendering it suitable for the flow measurement in low SNR.
  • 摘要：One-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model is studied in detail.Soliton solutions in infinite space is presented,The elliptic function wave solutions and its nenergy and effective mass are also found under the periodic boundary condition.%对一维玻色-哈伯模型进行了细致的研究,得出了无界空间中的孤子解,还求出了周期性边界条件下的精确椭圆函数波解和孤子解,并得出了解的能量和有效质量.
  • 摘要：By the first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory,the tensile strength of Al metal with dislocations of twist grain boundaries（GBs） is predicted from its electronic structure to its essential mechanical properties.The results show that the theoretical tensile strength for Al twist GB is about 8.73GPa and it is less than that for Al glide GB（9.5GPa）（Phys.Rev.B 75,174101 （2007））.However,its fracture strain for Al twist GB is 24%and 16%more than that for Al glide GB.It suggests that the mechanical properties of the metal can be greatly improved by experimentally modulating its defect or dislocation.Furthermore,the physics of the fracture of Al twist GB is analyzed by the distributions of charge density and the changes of bond length,and it is found that the facture appears in the GB.Our theoretical predictions can play an important role in guiding the improvement of mechanical properties and structural designs for Al metal.%本文基于密度泛函理论第一原理方法,从影响力学性能本质的电子结构计算上,对含∑5{001}扭转晶界位错Al金属拉伸强度进行了预测,发现其理论拉伸强度达到8.73 GPa,临界应变为24%.拉伸强度低于文献报道（Phys.Rev.B 75,174101（2007））的倾斜晶界位错Al金属的理论拉伸强度9.5 GPa,但其临界应变却远大于倾斜晶界的16%.本研究结果表明,通过工艺参数控制,改变缺陷形态,可极大地改变其力学性能.进一步地,从电子结构层次上,分析了含晶界位错Al金属拉伸断裂行为的实质,通过分析电荷密度分布、键长变化等,发现其断裂处发生在晶界处;理论计算结果将对Al金属结构设计及力学性能改善具有重要的指导作用.
  • 摘要：We propose a novel approach for the study of rheological properties of silica nanoparticle monolayers at the air-water interface. The layers are deformed by indenting and raising a titanium cone.The surface pressure variations in these down-up cycles are recorded and analysed.The oscillation amplitude of surface pressure dΠresults from the tensile deformation of the particle layer,dΠand the relaxation time are strongly dependent on the adsorption energy of particles at the interface,thereby significantly changing the particle hydrophobicity.The results provide a deeper insight into the viscoelastic behaviour of particle layer,suggesting that the proposed method can be utilized for the rheological study of the layers of this kind.%本文提出了利用锥体压入法研究水/空气界面上SiO_2纳米颗粒单层膜流变特性的新方法.通过锥体的压入和上升使单层膜产生应变,实时测定锥体压入-上升循环过程中表面压的变化.实验表明,表面压的尖锐变化是由单层膜受到的拉伸应变导致的.表面压变化的幅度dΠ和弛豫时间τ显著依赖于颗粒在界面的吸附能,因而随颗粒润湿性而发生明显变化.d∏和τ分别与单层膜的弹性和黏性相关.这些结果表明,该方法有可能为深入研究纳米颗粒单层膜的流变性质提供新的途径.
  • 摘要：Based on the density function theory,the electronic structure,densities of states,and optical properties ofγ-AION are calculated by using the local density approximation and plane-wave pseudoptential method.The complex dielectric functions and the optical properties including refractive index,reflection spectra,absorption spectra ofγ-AION are analyzed in terms of calculated density of state.As shown by the theoretical calculation,the static dielectric function ofγ-AION isε_1（0） = 2.60,and the refractive index is n_0 = 1.61,its absorptions in a range from IR to NUV and a UV range up to 20.23eV all approach to zero,showing the optical transparent behaviors.The calculated results are consistent with relevant experimental values,providing theoretical basis and reference for the application of the optical material to windows and domes.%本研究在基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论（DFT）框架下,采用局域密度近似（LDA）和赝势平面波方法,计算了平衡结构尖晶石型γ-AlON的态密度和光学性质参数.结合表征电子结构的态密度,分析了γ-AlON在0-30 eV范围内的复介电函数以及由其导出的折射率、反射谱、吸收谱等.理论计算得出：γ-A1ON零频介电常数ε_1（0）=2.60,折射率n_0=1.61,在红外到近紫外以及20.23 eV以上的紫外波段,其光吸收趋近于零,表现为光学透明.理论计算结果与相关实验数据相一致,为γ-AlON在光学窗口及头罩材料等方面的应用提供了理论依据和参考.
  • 摘要：本文提出了一种带栅漏间表面p型外延层的新型MESFET结构并整合了能精确描述4H-SiC MESFET工作机理的数值模型,模型综合考虑了高场载流子饱和、雪崩碰撞离化以及电场调制等效应.利用所建模型分析了表面外延层对器件沟道表面电场分布的改善作用,并采用突变结近似法对p型外延层参数与器件输出电流（I_（ds））和击穿电压（V_B）的关系进行了研究.结果表明,通过在常规MESFET漏端处引入新的电场峰来降低栅极边缘的强电场峰并在栅漏之间的沟道表面引入p-n结内建电场进一步降低电场峰值,改善了表面电场沿电流方向的分布.通过与常规结构以及场板结构SiC MESFET的特性对比表明,本文提出的结构可以明显改善SiC MESFET的功率特性.此外,针对文中给定的器件结构,获得了优化的设计方案,选择p型外延层厚度为0.12μm,掺杂浓度为5×10_（15）cm-3,可使器件的V_B提高33%而保持I_（ds）基本不变.%A novel SiC MESFET structure with a p-type surface epi-layer is proposed and 4H-SiC MESFET models are presented which precisely describe the working mechanism of the device.Considering carrier velocity saturation,impact ionization and electric field modulation,the effect on distribution of electric field is analyzed.Also,the output current（I_（ds）） and breakdown voltage（V_b） dependences on the dimensions of the p-type epi-layer are studied based on abrupt junction approximation.The high electric field peak at the gate edge is suppressed by introducing a new electric field peak at the drain side,and the built-in field of p-n junction formed along channel surface further weakens the electric field peaks,leading to smoother distribution of electric field.By comparison with the conventional and the fieldplated MESFETs,it is shown that the proposed structure greatly improves the characteristic of SiC MESFET.In addition,the optimized dimensions are obtained and the results show that V_b is greatly increased by 33%with I_（ds） unchanged（less than 3%） when the thickness and the doping concentration of the surface epi-layer are chosen as 0.12μm and 5×10~（15） cm~（-3）,respectively.
  • 摘要：采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法对锐钛矿相TiO_2的晶体结构、能带结构、态密度等电子结构进行了理论分析,在此基础上对介电函数、能量损失函数、光电导率等光学性质进行系统的理论计算,分析了TiO_2双折射现象、各向异性与电子结构之间的关联,其结果与文献报道的相关实验结果相符合,从理论上探讨了TiO_2电子结构和其双折射现象、各向异性的特征.%The crystal structure,the band structure,and the density of states of anatase TiO_2 are analysed by using the plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential method of the first principles based on the density functional theory.Then we calculate optical properties such as dielectric function,energy loss function,photoconductivity systematically based on the results of electronic structure,and analyse the correlation of electronic structure with birefringence and anisotropy.The obtained results are consistent well with the reported results in the literature,revealing the natures of electronic structure of TiC2 and its birefringence as well as anisotropy theoretically.
  • 摘要：通过简单的水热合成路线,在没有模板、表面活性剂的作用和未处理的基底上合成出铝掺杂ZnO纳米盘,并以纳米盘为基底自组装合成了ZnO纳米棒阵列.扫描电镜（SEM）观察到铝掺杂ZnO纳米盘的厚度为200 nm,纳米盘的尺寸约为2μm;纳米棒的直径约为150 nm,长约1.5μm.通过不同生长阶段的形貌变化探讨了ZnO纳米结构的形成机理,表明自组装过程存在两个成核阶段.另外,研究了铝离子掺杂对样品光致发光性质的影响.%Self-assembly ZnO nanorod array on Al-doped ZnO nanoplate surface is directly synthesized via a simple one-step hydrothermal approach,without using any template,surfactant or pretreated substrates.The morphology of the ZnO nanostructure observed by the scanning electron microscopy shows that the thickness and size of ZnO nanoplate are 200 nm and 2μm,respectively.The diameter and the length of ZnO nanorods are respectively 150 nm and 1.5μm.A possible growth mechanism is proposed for the selective growth of ZnO nanorods array on the nanoplate substrate,which contains two stage nucleation-growth processes.Finally,the influence of Al on the photoluminescence of the sample is been discussed.
  • 摘要：Molecular dynamics simulation is used to study the friction of mixed Langmuir-Blodgett film composed of hydrocarboxylic acid（C_nH_（2n＋1）COOH,n = 12,13,14,15,16,17） and the C_（17）H_（31）COOH,in order to investigate the influence of the structure on friction.The results show that the restiction of long chain molecules by the neighbor molecules increases and the monolayers become more steady as n increases,while the shear pressure between the monolayers decreases and reaches a minimum when n = 17.The hydrogen-bond formed in the mixed monolayers is the main reason why the monolayers become more steady,espatially,the hydrogenbonds are most steady when n = 16,but the monolayer composed that just of C_（17）H_（31）COOH molecules has the best sliding effect; there is no hydrogen-bond between the two monolayers.The shear pressure is hardly affected by the molecular deformation.%采用分子动力学方法,模拟了由脂肪酸C_nH_（2n＋1）COOH和C_（17）H_（31）COOH（n=12,13,14,15,16,17）组成的混合单层Langmuir-Blodgett（LB）膜间的摩擦特性,探究了膜结构的变化对超薄膜的摩擦的影响.结果显示.在滑动过程中,随着n的增加,膜内分子的运动受到邻近分子的约束逐渐增加,膜结构的稳定性也逐渐增加,其剪切压逐渐减小,n=17时的剪切压最小.在两单层膜之间无氢键形成;而混合膜内的分子之间形成的氢键是单层膜结构稳定的主要因素,其中n=16时形成的氢键最稳定,但全部由相同C_（17）H_（31）COOH分子组成的单层膜的滑动效果最好.分子的弯曲形变能对剪切压影响非常小.
  • 摘要：通过分析认知无线网络引擎决策,给出了其数学模型,并将其转化为一个多目标优化问题,进而提出一种基于混沌量子克隆的优化求解算法,并证明了该算法以概率1收敛.算法采用量子编码,利用Logistic映射初始化抗体种群,设计了一种基于混沌扰动的量子变异方案.最后,在多载波环境下对算法进行了仿真实验.结果表明,与QGA-CE（基于量子遗传算法的认知引擎）算法相比,本文算法收敛速度较快,具有较高的目标函数值,可以对无线参数优化调整,满足认知引擎的实时性要求.%By analyzing engine decision of cognitive wireless network,the mathematical model of engine decision is given,and then it is converted into a multi-objective optimization problem.A Chaos quantum clonal algorithm is proposed to solve the problem,and the algorithm convergent with probability 1 is proved,in which the quantum coding and logistic mapping are used to initialize the population.A quantum mutation scheme is designed with chaotic disturbances.Finally,the simulation experiments are done to test the algorithm under a multi-carrier system.The results show that compared with QGA-CE（quantum genetic algorithm based cognitive engine）,this algorithm has a good convergence and an objective function value.It can adapt the parameter configuration and meet the real-time requirement for cognitive engine.
  • 摘要：采用考虑电子散射、俘获、输运和自洽场的三维数值模型,模拟了低能非聚焦电子束照射接地SiO_2薄膜的带电效应.结果表明,由于电子的迁移和扩散,电子会渡越散射区域产生负空间电荷分布.空间电荷呈现在散射区域内为正,区域外为负的交替分布特性.对于薄膜负带电,电子会输运至导电衬底形成泄漏电流,其暂态过程随泄漏电流的增加趋于平衡.而正带电暂态过程随返回二次电子的增多而趋于平衡.在平衡态时,负带电表面电位随薄膜厚度、陷阱密度的增大而降低,随电子迁移率、薄膜介电常数的增大而升高;而正带电表面电位受它们影响较小.%Based on a three-dimensional self-consistent numerical model with consideration of electron scattering,trapping and transport,the charging effects due to low-energy defocused electron beam irradiation are simulated for a SiO_2 thin film with a grounded conductive substrate.The results show that because of electron drift and diffusion,electrons can transit the electron scattering region,forming negative space charges.The space charge is,therefore,positive and negative within and outside the scattering region,respectively. Some electrons can flow to the conductive substrate,forming the leakage current,and the transient negative charging process tends to equilibrium as the leakage current increases.In comparison,the transient positive charging process approaches equilibrium with the number of returned electrons increasing due to the positive surface potential.In the equilibrium state,the surface potential of the film negatively charged decreases with film thickness and trap density increasing;it increases with electron mobility and dielectric constant. However,the equilibrium surface potential of the film positively charged varies slightly with film parameter.
  • 摘要：利用交流电化学沉积方法在氧化铝模板中制备了一维结构的Fe_χCo_（1-χ）（0≤χ≤0.51）二元合金纳米线阵列.X射线衍射结果显示,单质Co纳米线为（100）择优取向的hcp结构,FeCo合金纳米线则呈现（110）择优取向的bcc结构,而且衍射峰随纳米线中Fe含量的增加向低角度偏移.室温磁性测量结果显示,FeCo合金纳米线具有较好的磁特性.与Co纳米线相比,Fe的引入改善了Co纳米线的磁性能,使其呈现出较大的矫顽力和较高的矩形比.采用一致转动模型和对称扇形机理的球链模型分别计算了FeCo合金纳米线的矫顽力,发现其磁化反转机理与对称扇形机理的球链模型相符合.%Arrays of Fe_xCo_（1-x）（0≤x≤0.51） binary alloy nanowires are fabricated into the（anodic aluminum oxide） AAO template pores by AC electrodeposition.The XRD pattern indicates that the crystallite structure of Co nanowire is hcp with existence of strong（100） orientation along the nanowire axis.While the crystallites structure of FeCo binary alloy nanowires is bcc with existence of strong （110） orientation along the nanowire axes.The peaks shift toward the lower angle when the Fe content of nanowire increases.At room temperature,magnetic measurement results show that FeCo alloy nanowires exhibit excellent magnetic properties.The introduction of Fe improves the magnetic property of Co nanowire compared with that of the Co nanowire.FeCo binary alloy nanowire has a larger coercive force and squareness ratio.The coercivity of the FeCo alloy nanowire is calculated by using a magnetization reversal model based on ＂chains of spheres＂ with coherence rotation mechanism and symmetric fanning mechanism.The magnetization reversal mechanism is supported by ＂chains of spheres＂ with symmetric fanning mechanism.
  • 摘要：Taking into account sodium and potassium ion channel noises,the evolution of the patterns of neuronal networks is investigated. No matter what kind of ion channel noise is working,with coupling coefficient increasing,the spatiotemporal patterns of the neuronal network can be evolved into spiral waves when temperature and noise strength are given,and there is a coupling coefficient threshold for forming a spiral wave.The analysis shows that sodium ion channel noise contributes to the formation of spiral waves in neurons network,while the potassium ion channel noise is not conducive to the formation of spiral waves.In addition,it is found that lower temperature can make the neurons network more sensitive to noise.Finally,the transformation of spiral waves into target waves,in the case of specific parameters is discussed.%研究了钠离子和钾离子通道噪声扰动对Hodgkin-HuxIey神经网络放电时空模式的影响.发现无论钠离子通道噪声还是钾离子通道噪声扰动,当取定一组温度、噪声强度,随着耦合强度的增大,神经网络放电时空斑图总能演化出螺旋波,而且存在形成螺旋波所需的临界耦合强度.分析发现钠离子通道噪声有利于神经网络螺旋波的形成,而钾离子通道噪声不利于螺旋波形成.结果还表明较低的温度能够使神经网络对噪声更加敏感.最后,讨论了特定参数下螺旋波与靶波之间的转化现象.
  • 摘要：Applying the regression analysis to the measured data in CO oxidation on platinum group metals,a analytical theory model with different time scales is established in this paper.The stabilities of equilibria are discussed in detail,and different types of the solutions may bifurcate from the equilibria with the change of the parameters.With a certain parameter,the system can exhibit periodic oscillations via the saddle-node homoclinic orbit bifurcation,which can evolve into periodic bursting,owing to Hopf bifurcation of the fast subsystem.The bifurcation connecting the quiescent state and the repetitive spikes is presented to account for the occurrence of the N~k oscillations.Furthermore,the mechanism of sequence of the period-adding bifurcations is explored to reveal why the length of the sequences become longer with the variation of the parameters.%铂族金属表面氧化过程是典型的多相催化反应之一,具有广泛的应用背景及丰富的振荡行为,因此深入研究铂族金属的氧化中的物理及化学过程具有重要的理论意义及工程应用前景.通过对铂族金属CO的氧化过程中实测数据的回归分析,建立了不同尺度耦合解析动力学理论模型.通过对平衡态的稳定性分析,指出在一定条件下稳态解会由鞍-结同宿轨道分岔导致周期振荡.当快子系统产生Hopf分岔时,该周期振荡会进一步演化为两尺度耦合的周期簇发振荡,即N~k振荡,并由加周期分岔使得系统处于激发态的时间显著增加.在此基础上,利用分岔理论进一步分析了周期簇发及加周期分岔的产生机理,揭示了周期簇发中沉寂态和激发态相互转化时的不同分岔模式.
  • 摘要：The near-field diffraction characteristics when a high-power laser beam traverses contaminant particles are studied by using the designing software of high-power laser drivers-Laser designer.The modulations generated by contaminant particles are sorted.Then the influence of contaminant particles with amplitude or phase modulation on the near-field intensity distribution in vacuum or in fused silica is analyzed in great detail.The results show that in both vacuum and fused silica,the phase modulated contaminant particles have a greater influence on the near-field properties of high-power laser.Moreover,it is found that in fused silica,the small-scale self-focusing hot-image modulation of high-power laser induced by phase modulated hard-edge contaminant particles is momentous. But the lateral shift of high-power laser beam caused by contaminant particles maybe inhibits the small-scale self-focusing effect to some extent,thereby reducing the laser injury risk of optical component.%采用高功率激光驱动器设计软件Laser designer数值研究了激光光束经颗粒污染后的近场衍射特性.对颗粒污染所产生的调制进行了分类,并详细分析了真空和石英玻璃中,振幅调制型和位相调制型颗粒污染对光束近场的影响.研究结果表明,无论在真空或石英玻璃中,位相型颗粒污染对高功率激光光束的近场调制影响较大.且在石英玻璃中,位相型硬边颗粒污染所引起的高功率激光光束小尺度自聚焦热像调制现象相当严重.而由颗粒污染引起光束强区的横向偏移,却在一定程度对小尺度自聚焦有抑制作用.
  • 摘要：Based on the chaotic synchronization of two response semiconductor lasers（RLs） under the injection from a common chaotic signal of a drive laser（DL）,a new type of secure communication system,which allows bidirectional and long-distance information transmissions,is proposed.A corresponding theoretical model is established to study the bidirectional transmission performance, security performance and the system performance under different transmission distances.The results show that when two RLs receive chaotic light injected from a DL,the chaotic outputs of two RLs achieve a fairly good isochronal synchronization without any time delay,while there is a big difference between the signals of RLs and the signal of DL;the system owns high security level after having analyzed the various ways from which eavesdropper may obtain message;if the ordinary single mode optical fiber is used as a transmission channel,the Q factor of decoded message can reach more than 6 after a propagation over 50km;if the dispersion-shifted fiber is employed,the Q factor of decoded message can still reach more than 6 after a propagation over 200km.%基于两个在驱动混沌信号注入下的响应半导体激光器之间的混沌同步,提出了一种新型的可实现信息双向、长距离保密传输的系统,并建立了相应的理论模型.利用该理论模型,研究了系统的双向传输性能、安全性能以及系统性能随传输距离的变化.结果表明：两个响应激光器在受到发自同一驱动混沌激光器的混沌光注入下,其混沌输出虽然与注入混沌信号相差很大,但两个响应激光器的混沌输出却能实现非常好的无时间延迟的等时同步;对窃听者可能获取信息的各个途径进行了考察,结果显示该系统具有很好的安全性;采用普通单模光纤作为传输信道,信息经过50 km传输后,解调信息Q因子可达到6以上;采用色散位移光纤,信息经过200 km的传输,解调信息Q因子还可达6以上.
  • 摘要：On the basis of narrow-band filtered annular light-cone illumination with high numerical aperture,a new far-field super-resolution optical microscopic imaging method is proposed,and its physical model is established.Using the scalar diffraction theory,the formula of diffraction intensity in the image plane is derived for annular light-cone illumination and imaging under different numerical apertures. The diffraction patterns are further simulated through the Matlab program,which demonstrates that such a method may significantly increase the microscopic imaging resolution.Experiments have been carried out on a self-build microscopic system,showing that a resolution can be achieved to be better than 150 nm under 450 nm light wavelength and 1.125-1.25 annular numerical apertures.The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions,thus proving the feasibility of this microscopic imaging method.%提出和发展了一种基于大数值孔径环形光锥照明的远场超分辨光学显微成像新方法,采用将发光二极管（LED）面光源、窄带滤光和环形光锥照明相结合的特种照明方式,实现超分辨显微成像.建立了大数值孔径环形光锥照明成像的物理模型,根据标量衍射理论,在不同环形光锥照明时,推导出光学显微系统像面衍射斑光强分布的理论计算公式;通过Matlab求解和绘图,得到衍射斑光强的分布图样,从理论上证明这一成像方法可以有效提高光学显微镜的分辨率;建立了相应的显微成像系统,通过实验验证了该方法可有效改善显微镜的成像质量,显著提高分辨率;在中心波长450 nm、环形光锥数值孔径1.125一1.25时,实验获得的分辨率至少优于150 nm,与理论研究结果相符合.从而证明了这一方法的可行性.
  • 摘要：The influence on the motion of single solid particles in a Newtonian fluid by melting and convection is direcly simulated.The fluid motion is computed from the conservation laws.Density and viscosity change with fluid temperature,and the particle moves according to the equation of motion of a rigid body under the action of gravity and hydrodynamic forces arising from the motion of the fluid.In the process of melting,a distinctive morphology develops due to the different heat fluxes around the particle＇s surface, and the thermal gradient determines the melting rate.The phases are coupled by the fluid-particle mutual force,force moment and the boundary conditions.In our study,two different situations are carried out,which are sedimentation in isothermal fluid without thermal convection and melting;sedimentation with thermal convection and melting,two double particles are simulated separately. The results show that the vortex shedding arising by the natural convection,mass losing by melting and melting morphology change the sedimentation velocity and induce horizontal oscillation.%对牛顿流体内溶解双颗粒在垂直管道中的沉降运动进行了直接数值模拟.流体运动由守恒方程计算,密度和黏性的变化考虑流场温度变化的影响,通过积分粘性应力和压力获得颗粒的受力跟踪颗粒运动,溶解引起的相变及其形状的变化由溶解潜热、溶解质量与分散相边界处的温度梯度的关系建立的方程决定.通过颗粒和流体间相互的作用力和力矩及边界条件的施加实现相间耦合.对双颗粒在等温流体无溶解条件和非等温流体溶解条件下的沉降过程进行了计算.结果表明,在一定雷诺数内,热对流产生的颗粒尾迹处涡的脱落以及溶解引起的颗粒质量、颗粒表面形态的变化引起了颗粒的横向摆动,并使颗粒沉降速度发生了变化.
  • 摘要：In this paper are study the symmetry of Lagrangians and the conserved quantities for a nonholonomic variable mass system. Firstly,the criterion of the symmetry of Lagrangians for a nonholonomic variable mass system is given.Secondly,the conditions under which there exist a conserved quantity and the form of the conserved quantity,are obtained.Finally,an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.%本文研究变质量非完整系统的Lagrange对称性,给出变质量非完整系统Lagrange对称性的判据,得到变质量非完整系统Lagrange对称性导致的守恒量及其存在的条件,并举例说明结果的应用.
  • 摘要：Based on the sliding mode variable structure control theory and the adaptive control technique,a single-state adaptive-feedback controller containing a novel fractional integral sliding surface is developed to synchronize a class of fractional-orderchaotic systems. According to the modulation-parameter principle,using single driving variable for a fractional order chaotic system,a kind of digital communication scheme is presented.The results of the circuit stimulation and the circuit experiment show that the information can be received and sent successfully,which demonstrates the feasibility and the effectiveness of the scheme.%通过单驱动变量设计了三维分数阶混沌系统通用的自适应同步控制器.基于参数调制原理,利用单驱动变量分数阶混沌系统的同步,提出了一种新的通用型数字通信方案,对电路进行了仿真,同时搭建了实际硬件电路,结果显示接收信息和发送信息符合完好,验证了本方案的有效性和可行性.
  • 摘要：观测了热原子束中锶原子（5s~2）~1So—（5_s5_p）~3P_1互组跃迁的荧光谱和饱和荧光谱,实验测定了不同的参量下88~Sr（5s~2）~1S_o—（5_s5_p）~3P_1互组跃迁荧光谱.研究结果表明：不同的实验参数（温度、激光光强、激光扫描频率）对谱线有较大的影响,（5_s5_p）~3P_1态的长寿命特点导致谱线强度随激光扫描频率呈倒数关系变化;由于Doppler增宽,渡越增宽等因素的影响,谱线线宽远大于其自然线宽且随激光扫描频率呈正比关系变化.%We observe the fluorescence and the saturated fluorescence spectra of（5s~2）~1 S_0—（5s5p）~3P_1 intercombination transition of thermal strontium atomic beam.Experimental investigation of ~（88）Sr（5s~2）~1S_0—（5s5p）~3P_1 intercombination transition is performed on the different experimental conditions.Our study indicates that experimental parameters affect spectra largely,including temperature,intensity of laser and scanning frequency of laser.Intensity of spectrum is reciprocal of scanning frequency of laser due to long lifetime of（5s5p）~3P_1 state of Sr atom.Owing to Doppler broadening,transit broadening and other experimental factors,the linewidth of （5s~2）~15_0—（5s5p）~3P_1 fluorescence spectrum is far more than its natural linewidth and proportional scanning frequency of laser.
  • 摘要：The anatylical mechanics representations of a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field with radiation friction are studied.First,by solving the inverse problem of Birkhoffian mechanics for the differential equations of motion the 4 Birkhoffian representations of the charged particle are obtained.Secondly,4 Lagrangian representations in the state space and 4 Lagrangian representations in the configuration space are derived,and then 4 Hamiltomans are constructed.Lastly,4 first integrals are obtained from the analytical mechanics representations of the moving particle,and the solutions of the equations of motion are presented.%研究带电粒子在磁场中作阻尼运动的分析力学表示.首先,求解运动微分方程的Birkhoff力学逆问题,得到带电粒子的4个Rirkhoff表示;其次,导出4个状态空间中Lagrange表示和对应的4个位形空间中Lagrange表示;第三,构造出4个Hamilton函数;最后,从粒子运动的分析力学表示直接得到4个第一积分,并求出运动方程的解.
  • 摘要：By expanding the density matrix of the open system in terms of Gell-mann matrix in a three-level system,we parameterize coefficients of expansion by some azimuthal angles and find an identity mapping of the density matrices onto interior points of the unit Poincare sphere.Thus,the relations between the points on the unit Poincare sphere and wave functions are extended to connect the interior points in the sphere with the nonunit vector rays corresponding to an open system in complex Hilbert space.Thus,the geometric phases for the open system are proposed to be observed by the nonunit vector rays.where the geometric phase of the pure state is the limiting case of our definition.The results show that this geometric phase merely with duplicate three-dimensional Hilbert projection space geometry structure related,has nothing to do with the open system concrete evolution way;and it depends on population inversion and is a slippy and single-value curve of Bloch radius.Therefore,the mixed state of open system retains indeed a memory of its motion in the form of a geometric phase factor.%把三能级开放系统的密度矩阵按照Gellmann矩阵展开,然后将展开系数和Bloch球中的方位角对应,从而获得了Poincaré球内部点和复三维Hilbert空间的非单位矢量即波函数的映射.进一步建议用该非单位矢量来定义混合态的量子几何相位.结果显示该几何相位仅仅与复Hilbert投影空间的几何结构有关,与开放系统具体的演化路径无关;并目.该混合态的几何相位依赖于开放系统的反转粒子数,也是描述开放系统混合度的单值光滑曲线,这个结果意味着混合态的演化的确按照几何相位保持其运动记忆.此外,在纯态的限制下,Berry相位是本文定义的几何相位极限情况.
  • 摘要：主要研究非线性映射函数双曲不动点的二维流形计算问题.提出了推广的Foliation条件,以此来衡量二维流形上的一维流形轨道的增长量,进而控制各子流形的增长速度,实现二维流形在各个方向上的均匀增长.此外,提出了一种一维子流形轨道的递归插入算法,该算法巧妙地解决了二维流形面上网格点的插入、前像搜索,以及网格点后续轨道计算问题,同时插入的轨道不必从初始圆开始计算,避免了在初始圆附近产生过多的网格点.以超混沌三维Hénon映射和具有蝶形吸引子的Lorenz系统为例验证了算法的有效性.%In this paper we present an algorithm of computing two-dimensional（2D） stable and unstable manifolds of hyperbolic fixed points of nonlinear maps.The 2D manifold is computed by covering it with orbits of one-dimensional（1D） sub-manifolds.A generalized Foliation condition is proposed to measure the growth of 1D sub-manifolds and eventually control the growth of the 2D manifold along the orbits of 1D sub-manifolds in different directions.At the same time,a procedure for inserting 1D sub-manifolds between adjacent sub-manifolds is presented.The recursive procedure resolves the insertion of new mesh point,the searching for the image （or pre-image）,and the computation of the 1D sub-manifolds following the new mesh point tactfully,which does not require the 1D sub-manifolds to be computed from the initial circle and avoids the over assembling of mesh points.The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated with hyper chaotic three-dimensional（3D） Henon map and Lorenz system.
  • 摘要：针对旁路耦合电弧焊的特点,建立了一种适于用旁路耦合电弧焊的复合热源模型.利用该热源模型对不同焊接参数下的旁路耦合电弧焊温度场进行了数值分析,得到了总电流相同时不同旁路电流下的焊缝熔深、母材温度和特征点焊接热循环曲线的模拟结果,分析了旁路耦合电弧焊焊接参数对母材热输入的影响,并将特征点热循环曲线的模拟结果与相同条件下的试验结果进行了比较.结果表明,焊接总电流相同时母材热输入随着旁路电流的增加而降低,且越靠近焊缝母材热输入的降幅越大,特征点焊接热循环曲线的模拟结果与试验结果基本一致,旁路耦合电弧焊温度场模型是合理的,所建立的热源模型能够正确反映焊接参数与母材热输入之间的关系.%Based on the features of DE-GMAW（double electrode gas metal arc welding）,a new hybrid heat-source model that is suited for the DE-GMAW is established.Using this heat-source model,the temperature fields of DE-GMAW wtih different welding parameters are simulated.According to the simulation results with different welding parameters,in this article we analyze the influence of welding parameters on the heat input of base metal in DE-GMAW.To verify the rationality of the hybrid heat-source model of DE-GMAW, the simulation results of the temperature field are compared with the results obtained from the experiment that is carried out under the same condition.The research results indicate that under the same total current,the heat input of base metal decreases gradually with the increase of by-pass current.Moreover,the closer to the welding line the greater the decrease rate of the heat input of base metal is.The study and the comparison of the thermal cycle curve of measured points show that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results.These results indicate that the temperature field model is accurate and the hybrid heat-source model is reasonable.
  • 摘要：本文构造了一个含有双能级原子的空腔系统,用来模拟一个含有双能级量子点的微腔系统,并研究其对电子输运行为的影响.通过对该系统输运方程的求解,给出了系统输运系数的具体表达式,然后通过调整空腔及原子的本征特性以及两者的耦合性质,研究了电子在腔体中的输运行为对腔体本征属性的依赖关系.这些结果可以为如何操控电子在微观结构器件中的输运特性提供一定的理论支持.%Quantum dot is a typical nano functional device,which has a very attractive prospect in biotechnology,semiconductor technology, quantum optics and other fields.In this paper,we construct a cavity containing a two-level atom to simulate a nano cavity coupling a two-level quantum dot,and study the electrical transmission in the cavity.We solve the transfer function of a single electron and obtain the formulas of transportation and reflection.By adjusting the intrinsic properties of the cavity and the atom and coupling between them,we study the transmission characteristics of a single electron in the cavity and understand the role of the two-level atom and the cavity in the electrical transport.The results can provide some theoretical support for quantum control of the electron transport in a nano device.
  • 摘要：利用2007年11月至2010年10月NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和HYSPIIT模式模拟了后向气流轨迹,分析了兰州大学半干旱气候环境观测站（SACOL）所在地区的大气输送特征.采用聚类分析方法将1096条轨迹分类,得到15簇反映主要特征的典型气流,研究了不同气流特征、出现频数及季节分布特点,与主要天气形势和天气系统的关系.统计主要气流路径所占比例,其中源于四川和重庆的气流占总路径的16%,为影响SACOL的主要路径,其次为源于局地和陕西的气流,路径最少的是东欧和孟加拉国.结合同期MFRSR地基辐射计反演的870nm气溶胶光学厚度和波长指数,分析了不同气团源控制下的气溶胶光学特性和粒了性质特征.揭示了最大平均气溶胶光学厚度达0.29±0.12（平均值±标准差）,气团源于塔克拉玛干沙漠;最小平均光学厚度的气团源于孟加拉国,为0.14±0.02.根据研究站点周围环境条件和气团源区地理条件以及移动轨迹,分析其可能影响,并定量给出不同源区气团对SAOL三年平均气溶胶光学厚度的贡献率.结果表明,源于局地和区域性气团贡献平均光学厚度的41.1%,沙尘区贡献28.4%,中亚为17.9%,远距离东欧和中东为12.6%.%Backward trajectories computed using the NOAA HYSPLIT model and global NOAA-NCEP/NCAR pressure level reanalysis data from November 2007 to October 2010,are used to trace air history and analyze the atmospheric transportation properties over SACOL.The cluster analysis has the advantage of providing highly disaggregated trajectory clusters,from which fifteen significant clusters arriving at the SACOL,which reflect the main feature of air mass trajectories,are obtained during this period.It is found that the air mass trajectories from Sichuan province and Chongqing account for 16%of all trajectories and have the biggest influence,those from local and Shanxi province have the second biggest influence,and those from the Eastern Europe and Bangladesh have the smallest influence.The Aerosol Optical Depth（AOD） at 870nm and Angstrom exponent acquired by a Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer（MFRSR） at SACOL are employed to analyze aerosol optical properties and particle characteristics under the control of different air mass sources.The maximum average AOD of 0.29±0.12（mean±standard deviation of mean） corresponds to the air mass originating from Taklimakan Desert,whereas the minimum average AOD is 0.14±0.02 from Bangladesh.According to ambient conditions of the studied site and the geographical conditions and moved track of air mass,the quantitative contributions of different sources to the three-year average AOD of 0.22 are investigated.The results show that the greatest contribution to the average AOD, accounting for almost 41.1%,came from local and regional sources,an additional important contribution from dust areas is about 28.4%of the average AOD,the contribution from the Central Asia source occupies 17.9%,that from Eastern Europe and Middle East is 12.6%.
  • 摘要：We systematically investigate the transmission characteristics of the split ring resonator（SRR） for propagation perpendicular to the plane of the ring resonator.Both the vertical polarization and the horizontal polarization are considered.A retrieval procedure is used to obtain permittivityεand permeabilityμ.It is found that in the normal incidence case the SRR also has strong electric and magnetic responses.The electric response occurs when electric field is parallel to the side of the SRR（vertical polarization） and the frequency band is often higher than that of magnetic resonance.The magnetic response needs a polarization rotation（horizontal polarization） and the magnetic resonant frequency is the same as that of parallel incidence.The conclusions are demonstrated and the reasons for the electric and magnetic resonances are also discussed theoretically.%本文研究垂直入射条件下水平极化和垂直极化时金属开口谐振环（split ring resonator,SRR）的电磁响应行为.通过分析这两种情况下的透射系数、介电常数和磁导率,发现垂直极化时,SRR可以产生电谐振实现负介电常数,其频段远高于磁谐振频段;水平极化时,SRR只能产生磁谐振实现负磁导率,其频段与水平入射时的SRR的磁谐振频段相对应.通过仿真对此进行了证明,并对产生电谐振和磁谐振的原因进行了分析.
  • 摘要：利用稳相法和矢量结构理论,导出了线偏振拉盖尔-高斯光束的矢量结构项TE项和TM项在远场的解析表达式.进而利用TE项和TM项的远场能流分布,给出了TE项和TM项的功率占总功率比例的度量式,同时还给出了线偏振拉盖尔-高斯光束、TE项和TM项三者远场发散角的解析式以及三者远场发散角间的关系式.所得到的公式不仅适用于傍轴情形,而且还适用于非傍轴情形.通过数值计算,分析了TE项和TM项在远场的功率占总功率的比例与参数.f和模数间的依赖关系;还分析了拉盖尔-高斯光束、TE项和TM项的远场发散角随参数f、模数和线偏振角的变化关系.这一研究从矢量结构本性揭示了线偏振拉盖尔-高斯光束的远场发散特性,丰富了对其传输特性的认识.%Based on the method of stationary phase and the theorem of the vectorial structure,the analytical expressions for the vectrorial terms,namely the TE and TM terms,of a linearly polarized Laguerre-Gauss beam are derived in the far-field.According to the far-field energy flux distributions of the TE and TM terms,the ratios of the powers of the TE and TM terms to the power of the Laguerre-Gauss beam are given.The analytical formulae of the far-field divergence angles of the Laguerre-Gauss beam and its TE and TM terms are presented,respectively.A relation among the far-field divergence angles of the TE term,the TM term,and the Laguerre-Gauss beam is also derived.The formulae obtained are applicable not only to the paraxial case,but also to the non-paraxial case.The dependences of the ratios of the powers of the TE and TM terms to the whole power on f-parameter and mode number are numerically examined.The effects of the f-parameter,the mode number,and the linearly polarized angle on the far-field divergence angle of the Laguerre-Gauss beam and its TE and TM terms are also analyzed.This research reveals the far-field divergent properties of the linearly polarized Laguerre-Gauss beam from the vectorial structure,and enriches the recognition of the propagation characteristics of the linearly polarized Laguerre-Gauss beam.

    物理学报的期刊信息

    • 曾用名：Chinese Journal of Physics(1933-1950)
    • 创刊时间：1933
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    • 语言：中文
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      3

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