severity

摘要： Arsenicosis is common among villagers as they drink more contaminated-water since the arsenic-crisis in Bangladesh.Supplementation of vitamins and micronutrients in counteracting arsenic toxicity has been proved for arsenic treatment.This study was intended to assess protective and beneficial roles of some commonly eaten vegetables on the development and severity of arsenic-induced skin lesions.A case-control study among(N=122)adult rural-women(62 cases had various forms of arsenical skin-lesions e.g.melanosis/keratosis/mixed-lesions and 60 sex-age-matched healthy-controls)was conducted in Shaharstee Upazilla of Chandpur district,Bangladesh.Socio-demographic data recorded in a pre-tested-questionnaire,‘per-day vegetables ingestion’of cases and controls were measured qualitative and quantitatively(24-hour recall-methods,food-frequency/week and food history-record/week).Multiple logistic regression/MLR analyses were performed to find out protective roles of some dietary leafy-vegetables/LVs and non-leafy vegetables/NLVs on arsenicosis and their influences on the degree of severity of arsenicosis also determined.Abstinence from taking some LVs/NLVs among cases than controls is associated with increased risk for arsenicosis(P<0.05).Amongst all most-frequently eaten vegetables(n=17)per day Momordica diocia has the highest skin protective role on arsenicosis[Adjusted odds ratio/AOR 8.2,95%CI(2.11-31.9),P=<0.01],followed by Ipomoea acquatica(AOR:7.3),Basella alba(AOR:6.2),Solanum tuberosum(AOR:4.0),Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis(AOR:3.2),Trichosanthes anguina(AOR:1.2)and Abelmoschus esculentus(AOR:1.2).Moreover,severe skin lesion was observed as compared to non-severe cases(mild/moderate)for less intake frequencies of vegetables.This study outlined that commonly eaten vegetables have protective and beneficial roles on arsenic-induced skin lesions.Large samples longitudinal study of this important field of therapeutic-intervention is warranted.

摘要： I read with interest the paper by Chakroun-Walha et al.[1];it is a retrospective review of the medical records of patients with a history consistent with snakebite in a region of Tunisia.It found that leucocytosis within the first 24 h of emergency department arrival and prior tourniquet application were the independent predictors of severe snakebite envenoming.Although it is a baseline study,I am delighted that authors are at the forefront in showcasing snakebite envenoming,a neglected tropical disease,in North Africa.However,I have few observations。

摘要： Dear Editor,The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)poses a serious threat to global health security.The disease severity of patients with symptomatic COVID-19 can be divided into mild,moderate,severe,and critical[1],and more than 80% of the patients have mild and moderate severity(common type)[2].

摘要： The presence and distribution of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) strains on plants of four citrus species required analysis of plants showing small fruits, yellowing, and twig dieback. Typical citrus tristeza symptoms showed in citrus plantations in Veracruz, Mexico, and caused gradual deterioration, low yield, and death of the plants. Seven citrus-growing municipalities in Central and Northern Veracruz presented the severe VT strain: the incidence in seven of the eight sampled municipalities ranged from 7% in Alamo to 50% in Tihuatlan. As for the T30 strain, its presence and distribution ranged from 17% in Tihuatlan to 83% in Cuitlahuac. Values for the T3 strain went from 20% in Castillo de Teayo to 50% in Papantla. In Tihuatlan, two samples were positive for the T36 strain. Only Citrus sinensis has historical recording infections by severe strains of CTV, unlike other important citrus species. The incidence of orchards quickly declining increases rapidly in Veracruz, the largest citrus producer in Mexico. It becomes critical as the predominant and sensitive rootstock is sour orange (Citrus aurantium). It is important to note that the specific primers used could not be identified in 29% of the samples, suggesting that they could be other than T30, T3, VT, and T36 strains.

摘要： BACKGROUND The severity of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy(APIP)is correlated with higher risks of maternal and fetal death.AIM To develop a nomogram that could predict moderately severe and severe acute pancreatitis in pregnancy(MSIP).METHODS Patients with APIP admitted to West China Hospital between January 2012 and December 2018 were included in this study.They were divided into mild acute pancreatitis in pregnancy(MAIP)and MSIP.Characteristic parameters and laboratory results were collected.The training set and test set were randomly divided at a ratio of 7:3.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to select potential prognostic factors.A nomogram was developed by logistic regression.A random forest model was used to validate the stability of the prediction factors.Receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration curves were used to evaluate the model’s predictive performance.RESULTS A total of 190 patients were included in this study.A total of 134 patients(70.5%)and 56 patients(29.5%)were classified as having MAIP and MSIP,respectively.Four independent predictors(lactate dehydrogenase,triglyceride,cholesterol,and albumin levels)were identified for MSIP.A nomogram prediction model based on these factors was established.The model had areas under the curve of 0.865 and 0.853 in the training and validation sets,respectively.The calibration curves showed that the nomogram has a good consistency.CONCLUSION A nomogram including lactate dehydrogenase,triglyceride,cholesterol,and albumin levels as independent predictors was built with good performance for MSIP prediction.

摘要： Background: The presence of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, the main entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in lung alveolar tissue, in Sertoli and Leydig cells of the adult testis, may suggest possible testicular involvement during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our aim was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on gonadal function in men. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study in a population of men aged below 65 years of age with SARS-CoV-2. Not included in the study were any subjects on testosterone replacement therapy or with a known condition that could create hypogonadism. We recruited patients through a questionnaire and then performed total testosterone and SHBG analysis at 8 hours and 2 months post infection by ELISA. We used the Spearman Rho test for statistical analysis of correlations. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The sample consisted of 40 male COVID positive patients with a mean age of 46.4 ± 11.8 years. Eight patients were reviewed after infection. The mean total testosterone was 11 ng/ml ± 2.4 and the SHBG was 113 nmol/l ± 66.9 during infection. In the 8 patients reviewed after infection, median total testosterone decreased during infection (11 ng/ml) and increased after infection (12.7 ng/ml), this result was statistically significant (P = 0.028). Median SHBG during infection was increased (115.7 nmol/l) and after infection was decreased (82 nmol/l). There was a statistically significant (P = 0.04) and positive correlation between serum testosterone and SHBG levels in patients with severe infection. Conclusion: There could be a transient relative hypogonadism during SARS-CoV-2 infection, more marked in the severe forms of the disease with a tendency to improve after infection.

摘要： Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the oldest domesticated food legumes that have been cultivated for at least 5000 years. It is a multi-purpose crop that plays an important role in the socio-economic life of farming communities in Ethiopia. Chocolate spot disease, caused by Botrytis fabae is one of the yield limiting factors of this crop resulting in yield losses up to 68% in Ethiopia. A field survey was conducted in Tach Gayint district South Gondar Administrative Zone during the 2020/2021 main cropping season to assess the importance of the chocolate spot disease of faba bean. A total of 60 faba bean farmer fields were assessed in six (6) Kebele Administrations and most farmer fields were affected by chocolate spots. But the status of disease incidence and severity was varied. Significant differences among locations were observed due to altitude, soil type, planting density, date of planting, crop growth stages and farm history of the fields. Independent variables like Altitude, farm history, crop growth stage, date of planting and planting density were significantly associated with both disease incidence and severity when entered first and last into a model. The finding indicates that the lowest plant density and late planting of the crop reduce the incidence and severity of the disease.

摘要： Background Adverse childhood experiences have a significant impact on different mental disorders.Objective To compare differences in adverse childhood experiences among those with different mental disorders and their relationships in a cross-disorder manner.Methods The study included 1513 individuals aged≥18 years:339 patients with substance use disorders,125 patients with schizophrenia,342 patients with depression,136 patients with bipolar disorder,431 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD),and 140 healthy controls.The Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form was used to investigate childhood traumatic experiences,and the Addiction Severity Index,Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale,Hamilton Depression Scale,Young Mania Rating Scale,and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale were used to assess mental disorder severity.Correlation and multivariate logistic regression were analysed between adverse childhood experiences and clinical features.Results Levels of adverse childhood experiences were significantly different among different mental disorders.Moreover,25.8%of patients with substance use disorders reported childhood trauma,which was significantly higher than found in the other four psychiatric disorder groups.Emotional abuse scores were positively correlated with disease severity:the higher the total trauma score,the more severe the mental disorder.Conclusions Adverse childhood experiences are a common phenomenon in those with mental disorders,and the level of trauma affects mental disorder severity.Emotional abuse is closely related to many mental disorders.The incidence or severity of mental disorders can be reduced in the future by reducing the incidence of adverse childhood experiences or by timely intervention in childhood trauma.

摘要： To determine the individual circumstances that account for a road traffic accident,it is crucial to consider the unplanned connections amongst various factors related to a crash that results in high casualty levels.Analysis of the road accident data concentrated mainly on categorizing accidents into different types using individually built classification methods which limit the prediction accuracy and fitness of the model.In this article,we proposed a multi-model hybrid framework of the weighted majority voting(WMV)scheme with parallel structure,which is designed by integrating individually implemented multinomial logistic regression(MLR)and multilayer perceptron(MLP)classifiers using three different accident datasets i.e.,IRTAD,NCDB,and FARS.The proposed WMV hybrid scheme overtook individual classifiers in terms of modern evaluation measures like ROC,RMSE,Kappa rate,classification accuracy,and performs better than state-of-theart approaches for the prediction of casualty severity level.Moreover,the proposed WMV hybrid scheme adds up to accident severity analysis through knowledge representation by revealing the role of different accident-related factors which expand the risk of casualty in a road crash.Critical aspects related to casualty severity recognized by the proposed WMV hybrid approach can surely support the traffic enforcement agencies to develop better road safety plans and ultimately save lives.

摘要： BACKGROUND Individuals with heart failure(HF)frequently experience limitations in mobility,but specific aspects of these limitations are not well understood.This study investigated the association of HF severity,based on the New York Heart Associ-ation(NYHA)classes,with digital mobility outcomes(DMOs)and handgrip strength in older inpatients with HF.METHODS For this explorative analysis,hospital admission and discharge data from an ongoing,prospective cohort study were used.The sample included older participants with HF and a sub-sample of heart-healthy individuals.Participants were equipped with a wearable inertial measurement unit(IMU)system during mobility performance(balancing,sit-to-stand transfer,walking).We analyzed the association between 17 DMOs and HF severity with multiple linear regression models.RESULTS The total sample included 61 older participants(65-97 years of age,55.7%female).Of all DMOs,only sway path in a semi-tandem stance position(m/s²)showed a relevant association with NYHA classes(admission:β=−0.28,P=0.09;discharge:β=−0.39,P=0.02).Handgrip strength showed a trend towards a significant association(admission:β=−0.15,P=0.10;discharge:β=−0.15,P=0.19).CONCLUSIONS This is to our best knowledge the first analysis on the association of HF severity and IMU-based DMOs.Sway path and handgrip strength may be the most promising parameters for monitoring mobility aspects in treatment of HF.