A rapid surveying and mapping method and apparatus, relating to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle surveying and mapping. The surveying and mapping method comprises: according to an operation plot, determining initial surveying and mapping information of the operation plot on an electronic map (S102), the initial surveying and mapping information comprising target surveying and mapping points; planning a flight path of an unmanned aerial vehicle on the basis of the target surveying and mapping points (S104), wherein the flight path is a path traversing the target surveying and mapping points; controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to hover over the target surveying and mapping points according to the flight path, and returning image data (S106); calibrating, on the basis of the actual position information corresponding to the image data, the target surveying and mapping points in real time until all the target surveying and mapping points in the flight path are calibrated (S108); and determining, on the basis of the calibrated target surveying and mapping points, precision surveying and mapping information of the operation plot (S110). By means of the image data returned by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the aim of automatically calibrating target surveying and mapping points in real time is achieved, and the surveying and mapping efficiency is improved.
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