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Shared Etiology of Psychotic Experiences and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: A Longitudinal Twin Study.

机译:青春期精神病经历和抑郁症状的共同病因:纵向双胞胎研究。

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摘要

Psychotic disorders and major depression, both typically adult-onset conditions, often co-occur. At younger ages psychotic experiences and depressive symptoms are often reported in the community. We used a genetically sensitive longitudinal design to investigate the relationship between psychotic experiences and depressive symptoms in adolescence. A representative community sample of twins from England and Wales was employed. Self-rated depressive symptoms, paranoia, hallucinations, cognitive disorganization, grandiosity, anhedonia, and parent-rated negative symptoms were collected when the twins were age 16 (N = 9618) and again on a representative subsample 9 months later (N = 2873). Direction and aetiology of associations were assessed using genetically informative cross-lagged models. Depressive symptoms were moderately correlated with paranoia, hallucinations, and cognitive disorganization. Lower correlations were observed between depression and anhedonia, and depression and parent-rated negative symptoms. Nonsignificant correlations were observed between depression and grandiosity. Largely the same genetic effects influenced depression and paranoia, depression and hallucinations, and depression and cognitive disorganization. Modest overlap in environmental influences also played a role in the associations. Significant bi-directional longitudinal associations were observed between depression and paranoia. Hallucinations and cognitive disorganization during adolescence were found to impact later depression, even after controlling for earlier levels of depression. Our study shows that psychotic experiences and depression, as traits in the community, have a high genetic overlap in mid-adolescence. Future research should test the prediction stemming from our longitudinal results, namely that reducing or ameliorating positive and cognitive psychotic experiences in adolescence would decrease later depressive symptoms.
机译:精神病性障碍和严重抑郁症通常都是成人发作的情况,通常会同时发生。在较年轻的时候,社区中经常有精神病的经历和抑郁症状。我们使用遗传敏感的纵向设计来研究精神病经验与青春期抑郁症状之间的关系。使用了来自英格兰和威尔士的双胞胎的代表性社区样本。当双胞胎分别为16岁(N = 9618)和9个月后的代表性子样本(N = 2873)时,收集了自我评定的抑郁症状,妄想症,幻觉,认知失调,夸张,快感不足和父母评定为阴性的症状。 。协会的方向和病因使用遗传信息交叉滞后模型进行评估。抑郁症状与妄想症,幻觉和认知障碍呈中度相关。抑郁症和快感不足与抑郁症和父母所定的阴性症状之间的相关性较低。抑郁和雄壮之间没有显着的相关性。相同的遗传效应在很大程度上影响了抑郁症和妄想症,抑郁症和幻觉以及抑郁症和认知障碍。环境影响的适度重叠在协会中也发挥了作用。抑郁症和妄想症之间存在明显的双向纵向联系。发现青春期的幻觉和认知障碍会影响后来的抑郁症,即使在控制了抑郁症的早期水平后也是如此。我们的研究表明,精神病经历和抑郁是社区的特质,在青春期中期具有很高的遗传重叠。未来的研究应检验我们的纵向结果得出的预测,即减少或改善青春期的积极和认知性精神病经验将减少以后的抑郁症状。

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