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Understanding Agency In Self And Other: A Meta-Cognitive Perspective

机译:在自我和他人中理解代理:元认知视角

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摘要

Information about intentions, aspirations, and introspections (i.e., agentic information) is more central to people's representation of themselves than to their representations of other people. In particular, people think of themselves, relative to other people, more as free agents, whose intentions and aspirations have the power to shape the course of their lives with minimal influence from extraneous sources. In six studies, I explore the nature of this self/other asymmetry and the factors that give rise to the conception of one's own decisions, relative to those of the average person, as more exogenous (i.e., as arising from more active, unconstrained choice). The first two studies provide evidence that, relative to how they view others' decisions, people see their own daily decisions more as the product of active choice. Studies 3A and 3B demonstrate that people see their own decisions, relative to the average person's, as freer from extraneous influence, and that this estimate for the self overestimates actual decision exogeneity. The final two studies test a proposed explanation for the illusion of exogeneity: The meta-cognitive experience of indecision. When simulating the decision-making of a known other, people experience less indecision than when they decide for themselves. They see others' decisions as starting from a more biased point and progressing faster than their own decisions. This difference in meta-cognitive experience provides one explanation for why people remain unaware of extraneous constraints on their own decisions, while maintaining relative accuracy about the extent to which these variables exert a direct impact on others.
机译:有关意图,志向和内省的信息(即代理人信息)对人们自己的代表比对其他人的代表更重要。尤其是,人们相对于其他人而言,将自己视为自由主义者,他们的意图和愿望能够在不受外界影响的情况下,影响他们的生活。在六项研究中,我探讨了这种自我/其他不对称的性质,以及导致相对于普通人而言,自己的决策概念更为外生的因素(即,由更积极,不受约束的选择引起) )。前两项研究提供了证据,相对于他们如何看待他人的决策,人们更多地将自己的日常决策视为主动选择的产物。研究3A和3B证明,相对于普通人而言,人们认为自己的决策不受外部影响的影响,并且这种对自我的估计高估了实际决策的外生性。最后的两项研究测试了关于外生幻觉的一种拟议解释:优柔寡断的元认知经验。在模拟已知其他人的决策时,与自己做出决定相比,人们的犹豫不决。他们认为别人的决定是从偏颇的角度出发,并且比自己的决定进展得更快。元认知经验的这种差异提供了一种解释,说明了为什么人们仍然不知道自己的决定受到无关紧要的限制,同时又保持了这些变量对他人的直接影响程度的相对准确性。

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    Helzer Erik;

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  • 年度 2012
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