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ENERGY CONSUMPTION: CASE OF THE IVORY COAST, SENEGAL AND GHANA

机译:能源消耗:象牙海岸,塞内加尔和加纳的情况

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摘要

The thesis examines the consumption of electricity and gasoline in the Ivory Coast, Ghana and Senegal. Its main objectives are (1) to investigate the determinants of the demand for gasoline and the demand for electricity by households and firms, (2) to forecast the level of electricity and gasoline consumption for the years 1980 to 1985, and (3) to recommend measures to curb the rate of increase in the demand for energy and to reduce the dependence upon imported oil. The choice of the models used in the estimation of the demand for gasoline and the demand for electricity by households and industries were greatly influenced by the fact that energy consumption is associated with that of other complementary durable goods. The models of gasoline demand fitted to annual data for the Ivory Coast were the stock-adjustment model and the Koyck model. The empirical results of the residential demand for electricity are based on the Koyck model, the flow-adjustment model and the new demand model. As to the estimates of the industrial demand for electricity they were obtained with the following models: The Koyck model, the new demand model, a model based on an overtime profit maximization by a firm. The results based on the gasoline demand equations indicate that income is a major determinant of gasoline consumption in Senegal, while in the Ivory Coast, habit formation and or stock adjustment are the determinant factors. As far as price is concerned, it has consistently negative elasticities both across countries and specifications, but is not significant. For the residential demand for electricity, the results are much more encouraging. All of the countries show that price and the social and demographic factors and per-capita income are major predictors of residential electricity consumption. Their relative importance differ, however, both across countries and specification. The lagged dependent variable is significant with the new demand for electricity for Senegal and Ghana, and with the Koyck model for the Ivory Coast. Finally, the results for the industrial demand for electricity indicate that price, capital stock, and wage have an influence on the level of electricity consumed in the Ivory Coast, Senegal and Ghana. In addition to the variables mentioned above, output is also an important predictor of industrial electricity consumption in the Ivory Coast. On the basis of these findings, we recommended the following measures: (1) to increase the price of electricity and gasoline over a reasonably long period so that the relative price of different fuels reflect the change in relative cost of alternative fuel production; (2) to adopt a development strategy based on the implementation of export-oriented industries and the progressive removal of the trade barrier behind which the import-substitution industries have been hiding; and, (3) to reconsider the non-commercial fuel (wood, charcoal) as an alternative source of energy.
机译:本文研究了象牙海岸,加纳和塞内加尔的电力和汽油消耗。其主要目标是(1)研究家庭和企业对汽油需求和电力需求的决定因素;(2)预测1980年至1985年的电力和汽油消耗水平,以及(3)建议采取措施抑制能源需求的增长速度并减少对进口石油的依赖。能源消费与其他互补性耐用品的消费相关联的事实极大地影响了家庭和行业对汽油需求和电力需求的估算模型的选择。象牙海岸年度数据拟合的汽油需求模型是库存调整模型和科伊克模型。居民用电需求的实证结果基于Koyck模型,流量调节模型和新需求模型。对于工业用电需求的估算,它们是通过以下模型获得的:Koyck模型,新需求模型,基于企业加班利润最大化的模型。基于汽油需求方程式的结果表明,收入是塞内加尔汽油消耗的主要决定因素,而在象牙海岸,习惯形成和/或种群调整是决定因素。就价格而言,它在各个国家和规格之间始终具有负弹性,但意义不大。对于住宅用电需求,结果令人鼓舞。所有国家都表明,价格,社会和人口因素以及人均收入是居民用电量的主要预测指标。但是,它们的相对重要性在不同国家和规范之间都不同。滞后因变量对于塞内加尔和加纳的新电力需求以及象牙海岸的科伊克模型意义重大。最后,工业用电需求的结果表明,价格,资本存量和工资对象牙海岸,塞内加尔和加纳的用电量水平有影响。除上述变量外,输出量也是象牙海岸工业用电量的重要预测指标。根据这些发现,我们建议采取以下措施:(1)在合理的较长时间内提高电力和汽油的价格,以使不同燃料的相对价格反映替代燃料生产的相对成本的变化; (二)采取发展出口型产业,逐步消除进口替代产业所隐藏的贸易壁垒的发展战略; (3)重新考虑将非商业性燃料(木材,木炭)作为替代能源。

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    Yao Koffi;

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  • 年度 1980
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