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Attractive and repulsive interactions between female and male gametophytes in Arabidopsis pollen tube guidance

机译:拟南芥花粉管引导中雌雄配子体之间的吸引和排斥相互作用

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摘要

Sexual reproduction in plants, unlike that of animals, requires the action of multicellular haploid gametophytes. The male gametophyte (pollen tube) is guided to a female gametophyte through diploid sporophytic cells in the pistil. While interactions between the pollen tube and diploid cells have been described, little is known about the intercellular recognition systems between the pollen tube and the female gametophyte. In particular, the mechanisms that enable only one pollen tube to interact with each female gametophyte, thereby preventing polysperm, are not understood. We isolated female gametophyte mutants named magatama (maa) from Arabidopsis thaliana by screening for siliques containing half the normal number of mature seeds. In maa1 and maa3 mutants, in which the development of the female gametophyte was delayed, pollen tube guidance was affected. Pollen tubes were directed to mutant female gametophytes, but they lost their way just before entering the micropyle and elongated in random directions. Moreover, the mutant female gametophytes attracted two pollen tubes at a high frequency. To explain the interaction between gametophytes, we propose a monogamy model in which a female gametophyte emits two attractants and prevents polyspermy. This prevention process by the female gametophyte could increase a plant's inclusive fitness by facilitating the fertilization of sibling female gametophytes. In addition, repulsion between pollen tubes might help prevent polyspermy. The reproductive isolations observed in interspecific crosses in Brassicaceae are also consistent with the monogamy model.
机译:与动物不同,植物中的有性生殖需要多细胞单倍体配子体的作用。通过雌蕊的二倍体孢子体细胞将雄配子体(花粉管)引导至雌配子体。虽然已经描述了花粉管和二倍体细胞之间的相互作用,但对花粉管和雌配子体之间的细胞间识别系统知之甚少。特别是,仅使一个花粉管与各雌配子体相互作用从而防止多精子的机制尚不清楚。我们通过筛选含有正常种子数量正常一半的长角果,从拟南芥中分离出雌性配子体突变体,命名为magatama(maa)。在maa1和maa3突变体中,雌配子体的发育被延迟,花粉管引导受到影响。花粉管被定向到突变的雌配子体,但它们在进入微粒之前就迷路了,并沿随机方向伸长。此外,突变的雌配子体高频率吸引了两个花粉管。为了解释配子体之间的相互作用,我们提出了一夫一妻制模型,其中雌性配子体发出两种引诱剂并阻止多精子。雌配子体的这种预防过程可以通过促进同胞雌配子体的受精来提高植物的包容性。另外,花粉管之间的排斥可能有助于防止多精子。在十字花科的种间杂交中观察到的生殖分离也与一夫一妻制模型一致。

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