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沈阳师范大学学报（自然科学版）

沈阳师范大学学报（自然科学版）

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Journal of Shenyang Normal University(Natural Science Edition)
本刊是沈阳师范学院主办的自然科学综合性学术期刊，主要刊登数学、物理学、化学、生物学、计算机科学、体育科学相关的学科教育理论、科学方法论等方面的学术论文，以及中等学校理科教学研究方面的论文，读者对象是：科研工作者、高等院校理科教师和研究生、中等学校理科教师等。
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沈阳师范大学学报（自然科学版） >2023年第4期

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  • 摘要：社会对于创新创业型人才的渴求使得高校创新创业教育受到广泛关注,如何评价高校创新创业教育的成果,如何更加客观有效的找到现阶段创新创业教育所存在的问题成为大家所关注的重点,因此需要一套客观公正的评价方法.首先,结合国内外相关文献及实际调研结果,构建评价指标体系;其次,将熵权与逼近理想解的排序方法(TOPSIS)相结合,利用熵权法客观的确定各个评价指标权重,利用TOPSIS将各个参评对象进行优劣排序,最后,将辽宁省5所高校作为对象进行实证分析,评价结果与实际相符,证明该计算模型是有效的.基于熵权TOPSIS的模型真实有效,既保证了评价的客观性又简单易操作.%The thirst for innovation and entrepreneurial talents in society has drawn wide attention from colleges and universities.How to evaluate the achievements of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities and how to find out the problems existing in it more objectively and effectively has become the focus of everyone's attention.Thus,a set of objective and fair evaluation method is needed.Firstly,combining with the actual investigation results of related documents at home and abroad,the evaluation index system is constructed.Secondly,the entropy weight was combined with TOPSIS,in which the weight of each evaluation index is objectively determined by entropy method and the various parameters for the assessment is sorted by TOPSIS.Empirical analysis was made on five universities in Liaoning Province.The evaluation results are in accordance with the actual ones,which proved that the calculation model was effective.The model based on the combination of entropy weight and TOPSIS is true and effective,which not only guarantees the objectivity of evaluation but also simple and easy to operate.
  • 摘要：城镇化和工业化的快速发展,使得位于中国北方的辽宁省水资源短缺问题日益严峻,现代化进程受到制约.基于水足迹和虚拟水理论,利用单区域投入产出法,构建“实物-价值”型水资源投入产出模型.根据2012年辽宁省投入产出表和部门的用水数据,计算辽宁省2012年各产业部门的用水系数、水足迹和虚拟水贸易量.结果表明:1)辽宁省完全用水系数和直接用水系数最高的部门是水的生产供应业,农业位居第二;2)辽宁省农业直接水足迹最高,完全水足迹和间接水足迹最高的部门是制造业;3)辽宁省是虚拟水净输出地区,虚拟水净输出量为40 009万m3.%The rapid development of urbanization and industrialization has increasingly worsened the water shortage and hindered the process of modernization of Liaoning Province in the north of China.Based on water footprint and virtual water theory,the paper constructed a "physical-value" input-output model of water resources with single-region input-output method,and then figured out water use coefficient,water footprint and virtual water trade volume of different sectors in 2012,according to the input-output table and data of sector water consumption of Liaoning Province in 2012.The results showed that:1)the sector with the highest total water use coefficient and direct water use coefficient in Liaoning Province was the water supply and production industry,with agriculture ranking the second;2)in Liaoning Province,agriculture had the highest direct water footprint,and manufacturing had the highest total water footprint and indirect water footprint;3) Liaoning Province was a net output area of virtual water with a net output of 400.09 million m3.
  • 摘要：“互联网+”时代下“雨课堂”的教学改革实践对传统课堂教学提出了很大的挑战,通过对《C++程序设计》课程进行教学改革实践研究,初步探索了“互联网+”时代下“雨课堂”的教学改革实践,包括基于海量互联网资源的教学准备环节、基于预习任务单的课前自主和合作学习环节、基于“雨课堂”的课堂交互环节、基于复习任务单的课后提升环节等方面,并简单分析了在大数据背景下“雨课堂”的应用对课程教学改革实践带来的影响.针对“雨课堂”的应用现状、面临的问题和解决的方法等方面进行阐述与分析,旨在与同行分享经验,为高校更好地利用“雨课堂”建设线上、线下混合教学模式提供参考.“互联网+”时代下“雨课堂”在课程中的教学改革实践可以拓宽学生知识面、提高学生综合素质、促进师生平等,还能实现实时动态评价,为教育带来了新的发展机遇.%In the era of "Internet+",the teaching practice of "rain class" has put forward a great challenge to the traditional classroom teaching.In this paper,the teaching of "C + + programming" course is taken as an example,and the teaching of "rain class" under "Internet+" reform teaching practice to carry out the initial exploration,including teaching preparation based on massive Internet resources,pre-class autonomous and cooperative learning based on preview task list,classroom interaction based on "rain class",based on the review task list to enhance aspects of after-school and so on.This paper also briefly analyzes the influence of "rain class" on the practice of curriculum reform in the background of large data.Focuses on the application of "rain class" in "C+ + programming" course in some professional,according to the present situation of application of "rain class",discusses and analyzes the problems faced and methods to solve,aims to share the experience with our peers,provides reference for mixed teaching mode based on "rain class".The teaching reform practice of "Interne+" and "rain class" can promote the equality of teachers and students,broaden students' knowledge,improve students' comprehensive quality,and realize realtime dynamic evaluation,which brings new development opportunities for education.
  • 摘要：Heusler alloy is one of the ordered ternary intermetallic compounds.In this paper,the mechanical properties and electronic properties of the full-Heusler Ni2MnSn alloy has been calculated.Based on the first-principles within the frame work of the spinpolarized density functional theory,the charge and spin electrons characteristics are considered from the quantum mechanics point of view.The structural model of full-Heusler alloy Ni2MnSn was established,the lattice constants,band structure and density of states were optimized and the bulk modulus,shear modulus,Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio were determined.The total magnetic moment of Ni2MnSn is calculated to be-4.34μB,in which the magnetic moment of Mn atom greatly contributes to the total magnetic moment.By analyzing the total density states of Ni2 MnSn and atomic density of states,we found that the magnetic energy originates from the splitting of the energy levels of Mn atoms.Besides,the mechanical properties of Ni2MnSn were calculated by the geometric optimization,which indicates that Ni2MnSn exhibits great ductility and plasticity.%Heusler合金,是有序的三元金属间化合物.围绕full-Heusler合金Ni2 MnSn力学性能和电子性能展开计算,利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,从量子力学角度考虑了电子的电荷特性和自旋特性.建立full-Heusler合金Ni2 MnSn的结构模型,计算最优化晶格常数、能带结构和态密度;测试其体模量、剪切模量、杨氏模量和泊松比.计算得到总磁矩为-4.34μB,其中Mn原子的磁矩对总磁矩贡献最大,并通过对Ni2 MnSn态密度及各个原子态密度的分析,发现磁性来源于Mn原子的能级劈裂.在几何优化的基础上,进行了Ni2 MnSn的力学性能计算,发现Ni2MnSn具有很好的延展性和塑性.
  • 摘要：Particle swarm optimization algorithm is developed by simulating the flock foraging behavior.It is widely used in some optimization problems,especially for traveling salesman problem (TSP) with a good optimization effect.Traditional particle swarm algorithm has some disadvantages with slow convergence speed and bigger error.To perfect PSO,this paper puts forward an improved multiple state particle swarm algorithm.The new algorithm introduces a strategy directly generating feasible solution.Finally,the new algorithm's performance is evaluated by testing the traveling salesman problems,in terms of running time and accuracy error.The experimental results show that the new algorithm has higher execution efficiency and faster convergence speed.In practical engineering application,it will also play a certain value role.%粒子群优化算法是一种基于群体协作的随机搜索算法,它广泛应用在旅行商问题(TSP)优化问题上.传统粒子群算法具有收敛速度慢,误差较大的缺点.为改善其效果,提出一种改进的多状态粒子群算法.算法基于简化的2个状态之间的传输准则进行改进,而且引进一个直接产生可行解的转换策略.最后,采用旅行商问题进行新算法性能验证,并分别从收敛时间以及精度误差方面作比较.实验结果表明,新算法具有较高的执行效率和较快的收敛速度.在以后的实际工程应用中,也将会发挥一定的价值.
  • 摘要：In the information age,great changes have taken place in the way students learn.The learning system based on Flash dynamic function stimulates students' interest in learning more.According to inclusiveness and interactivity of Flash system,the video,lecture notes,exercises and tests for teaching are organically combined and the Self Learning System (SLS) is built.The boring,complex and abstract mathematical knowledge is presented by the Flash system,which completely gets rid of the restriction of time and space.Because the students can autonomously study,the teaching effect is improved and students' learning ability is trained.%在当今这个信息时代,学生的学习方式逐渐发生变化,利用Flash动态功能开发的学习系统更能引起学生的学习兴趣.利用Flash系统强大的包容性、交互性将教师授课的视频、讲义、练习题和测验题等有机结合,构建了《线性代数》自主学习系统.该系统将枯燥、抽象复杂的数学知识以动态形式呈现出来,不受时间和空间的约束,学生能够进行个性化自主学习,提高教学效果,培养学生学习能力.
  • 摘要：东北刺猬(Erinaceus amurensis)是广泛分布于中国北方地区的典型冬眠物种,其在实验室越冬的模式各异,为了更好的了解其在不同越冬模式下的生理表现,设计了试验.根据在冬季是否进行冬眠,将东北刺猬分成冬眠组(n=6)和非冬眠组(n=6),监测并记录其体表温度、摄食量和体重变化、冬眠组的冬眠天数.结果表明:1)冬眠组刺猬在冬眠季节体表温度显著低于非冬眠组,接近环境温度(12.6±1.7℃～19.8士2.0℃,p＜0.05);冬眠组均摄食量(0.24±0.2(g/d)～17.77±9.3(g/d,p＜0.05)及体重(623.0±101.5 g～636.0±106.1 g,p＜0.05)均显著低于非冬眠组.在非冬眠季节,冬眠组的体表温度与非冬眠组的体表温度无差异.2)冬眠组体表温度(r=0.914,p＜0.01)、摄食量(r=0.738,p＜0.01)和体重增长率(r=0.470,p＜0.01)都与冬眠天数百分比(冬眠天数/实验天数)成反比.3)冬眠组在冬眠时体表温度显著低于其觉醒期,也显著低于非冬眠组动物的体表温度,冬眠组觉醒期摄食量和体温与非冬眠组差异不显著.结果提示,在冬季,如果外界环境寒冷且不易觅食,刺猬可能会选择冬眠的模式越冬,但在能获得足够食物的冬季,刺猬可能会选择不冬眠或少冬眠的模式越冬.%The Hedgehog(Erinaceus amurensis) is the typical hibernating species which widely distributed in the northem area of our country.The ways to over the winter in the laboratory model are different,in order to understand the overwintering mode in different physiological performancebetter,we designthe experiment.We divided the animals into the hibernation group(n =6) (hedgehogs hibernated in winter)and the non-hibernation group(n=6) (hedgehogs did not hibernate in winter),monitoring and recording of the changes of temperature,food intake and body weight days,and the hibernation days of hibernation group.Results show that:1) hibernating hedgehog in the hibernation season surface temperature was significantly lower than the non hibernation group,and close to the ambient temperature(12.6±1.7 ℃ and 19.8±2.0 ℃ p＜0.05);food intake(0.24±0.2(g/d)～17.77±9.3(g/d,p＜0.05) and body weight (623±101.5,636±106.1,p＜0.05) of hibernation group were significantly lower than those in non hibernating group.In non hibernating season,there no difference between the surface temperature of hibernation group and surface temperature of the non hibernating group.2) body temperature(r=0.914,p＜0.01),food intake(r=0.738,p＜0.01) and weight growth rate(r=0.470,p＜0.01)andhibernation group are inversely proportional to the percentage of days (days of hibernation hibernation/experimental days).3) during hibernationperiod body temperature of hibernation groupis significantly lower than the awakening period andof non hibernating animal group,food intake and body temperature difference perturbation and non hibernation group was not significant.The results suggest that in the winter,if the outside environment is cold and not easy to feed,hedgehog may choose hibernation mode,but get enough food in the winter,the hedgehog can select mode without winter hibernation or less hibernation.
  • 摘要：在0.3M草酸与0.1M苯胺单体组成的水溶液中,用循环伏安法(CV)在316 L不锈钢(SS)表面电化学合成了导电聚苯胺(PANI)膜.用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对聚苯胺膜进行结构分析,发现所合成的PANI为具有苯-醌交替的中间氧化态的聚苯胺,草酸阴离子作为“对阴离子”在PANI中发生了掺杂.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察聚苯胺的表面形貌,发现PANI膜呈现细颗粒堆积形态.用0.2 M H2SO4水溶液模拟质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)双极板的腐蚀环境,用电化学技术在0.2 M H2SO4中研究了PANI/316L SS复合体系的耐腐蚀性能,电化学阻抗谱(EIS)结果表明,Nyquist图呈现双容抗弧特征,不同循环周期合成的聚苯胺薄膜其耐蚀性能略有不同,循环周期为20圈时耐蚀性能最佳.%Conducting polyaniline (PANI) coating was electrochemically synthesized on the surface of 316L stainless steel (SS) by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in aqueous solution containing 0.3 M oxalic acid and 0.1 M aniline.The structure of PANI film was analyzed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),it was found that the PANI is in the middle oxidation state containing benzene ring and quinone ring,and oxalic acid anion was doped into the PANI polymer chain as "counter anion".The surface morphologies of PANI films were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),SEM observation found that polyaniline presented in fine particle accumulation form.Aqueous solution containing 0.2 M H2SO4 was adopted to simulate the corrosion condition of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) bipolar plates,electrochemical technique was applied to investigate the anti-corrosion performance of PANI/316L SS composite system,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results indicated that Nyquist plots presented in two capacitive reactance arcs feature,PANI coating synthesized in different scan cycle showed different anti-corrosion performance,and the polyaniline synthesized by 20 cycles presented the best corrosion resistance.
  • 摘要：研究带有不确定线性时滞切换系统的稳定性,并对其设计具有H∞性能指标的滤波器问题.根据参数不确定的线性切换系统,来设计切换系统滤波器结构,并设计分段Lyapunov函数,再结合Lyapunov稳定性原理,引入积分不等式方法,验证所设计的不确定线性时滞增广滤波误差切换系统是稳定的,并且具有H∞性能水平.进一步提出了切换系统的鲁棒H∞滤波器设计方法.此外,再结合线性矩阵不等式(LMI)办法来求解H∞滤波器设计问题,将问题归结为线性矩阵不等式,以便利用Matlab工具箱求解并验证结果的有效性.最后,解决处理系统的不确定部分.较少的决策变量和较多的计算使所得到的结果具有较小的保守性.%In this paper,the stability of a linear time-delay switching system with uncertainty is studied.Through parameter uncertain linear switched systems,a filter is designed for switched systems.By using piecewise Lyapunov function and.Further introducing the integral inequality we can verify that the design of uncertain linear time-delay augmented filtering error of switched systems stable,on the other hand there is a H∞ performance level.A robusty H∞ filter design method for switching system is proposed.In addition one combined with linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach to solve the H∞ filter design problem,that is beneficial to the problem due to the solution of linear matrix inequality(LMI),easy to solve by using the Matlab toolbox and to verify the results of effectiveness.Finally,the uncertain part of the processing system is solved.At the same time,the paper deals with fewer decision variables and more calculations,which makes the results less conservative.
  • 摘要：暗通道先验(Dark-Channel Prior)去雾方法在处理单幅户外场景图像方面已经取得了非常好的效果,但是在对高分辨率图像以及包含大片白色区域的图像进行处理时,存在运算时间过长、去雾后的图像带有块状噪声等问题.结合暗通道先验去雾算法针对以上问题提出了一种改进的图像去雾方法,首先对高分辨率带雾图像进行降维处理并获得若干子图像,选取其中部分子图像进行暗通道去雾处理后,再对去雾后的子图像进行滤波、融合以及升维处理,还原分辨率后得到清晰的无雾图像.实验结果表明,改进方法可以较好的达到去雾目的,提高图像整体的对比度,真实地复原图像场景细节,同时可以明显提升算法的运算速度,在保证去雾效果的前提下大幅度降低了计算量.%The haze removal method based on dark channel priors has achieved very good results in dealing with single outdoor scene images,however,when dealing with high resolution images and images containing large white areas,there are many problems such as too long computation time and block noises in the resulting images.In this paper,a new method of fog removal is proposed to solve the above problems,first of all,the high resolution haze image is down-sampled and several sub images are obtained,then some of the sub images are selected to remove the haze,then,the sub images is filtered,fused and up-sampled,finally,a clear image is obtained.Experimental results show that,the improved method can achieve the goal of removing haze,improving the overall contrast ratio of the image and recovering the image details,at the same time,the computing speed of the method can be obviously improved,on the premise of ensuring the effect of haze removal,the calculation is reduced greatly.
  • 摘要：为研究不同管理和森林类型下冠层蜘蛛多样性的关系,2016年8月分别在海南省的吊罗山、尖峰岭和鹦哥岭自然保护区进行采集.共采集蜘蛛45 623头,其中成体8 422头,分属32科.研究结果表明,球蛛科和管巢蛛科为3个保护区的优势科,分别占个体总数的40.1％和19.7％;此外,蟹蛛科和跳蛛科分别是尖峰岭和鹦哥岭的优势科.蜘蛛功能群主要以立体结构网、叶面游走和皿网型蜘蛛为主,达到了个体总数的87.2％;此外,伏击型蜘蛛在尖峰岭是优势类群.当以科和功能群进行多维尺度分析时,吊罗山地区冠层蜘蛛类群与鹦哥岭有显著区别.此外,冠层蜘蛛对于林龄、海拔高度和人为干扰等因素也会有所响应.%Canopy spiders were collected by canopy fogging methods in Diaoluoshan,Jianfengling and Yinggeling Natural Reserves in Hainan Island,China.A total of 45 623 individuals,8 422 adult spiders comprising 32 families were collected in 24 samples.The results showed that Theridiidae and Clubionidae were the two most dominant families in term of abundance,contributed 40.1％ and 19.7％ of the specimens,respectively.Moreover,Thomisidae,Salticidae dominated severally in Jianfengling and Yinggeling.Spider guilds of space web weavers(SPW) and foliage hunters(FOH) and sheet web weavers (SHW) dominated spider assemblages in each Natural Reserve and contributed 87.2％ in total,in addition,ambush hunters(AMH) dominated in Jianfengling.The resules of non-metric multidimensional sealing(NMDS) using higher taxa surrogates of family and guild showed that spider assemblages in Diaoluoshan were distinguished significantly from Jianfengling.Canopy spider also responds to vegetation conditions such as the age of forest,elevation and disturbance.
  • 摘要：记述了采自重庆江津区的卵形蛛科弱斑蛛属一新种:周家岩弱斑蛛Ischnoth yreuszhoujiayan Tong&Li,sp.nov.新种雄性螯肢具突起,与分布于安徽的鞭形弱斑蛛Ⅰ.flagellichelis Xu,1989及分布在海南的镰形弱斑蛛Ⅰ.falcatus Tong&Li,2008相似,但是该种螯肢突起呈分叉状,与雌性生殖区具较大的钟形的交媾腔等可相区别.模式标本保存在沈阳师范大学昆虫标本馆.%One new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon,1893,Ⅰ.zhoujiayan Tong & Li,sp.nov.,is described from Chongqing,China.The new species is similar to Ⅰ.flagellichelis Xu,1989 in Anhui and Ⅰ.falcatus Tong & Li,2008 in Hainan,but can be distinguished from the latter two species by the strongly,forked shaped process on male chelicerae and the large,bell-shaped atrium in the female genital area.The type materials were preserved in the Insect Collection of Shenyang Normal University (SYNU).
  • 摘要：With the development of the methods in astronomical observation,the warping structure of vortex galaxies has been the universal phenomenon.However,the warping structure has no convincing explanation at present.Our previous investigations show that the reason of vortex galaxies is the large scale rotation of its background instead of a relatively isolated system.The evolution of the galaxy seems to be the same as ahurricaneon account of the large scale rotation of the background.Through our further researches,it has been proved that the warping structure of vortex galaxies isa result of the inertia force under the large scale background rotation.The galaxies of double particles under the background rotation are investigated in this paper,and the trajectories of three dimensional double particles motion have been analyzed.Meanwhile,the influences of several vital parameters such as magnitude and direction of the angular velocity have been discussed.Results indicatethat the relative physical parameters play an important role in the process of the galaxies structure formation,and the fact that the large scale rotation is the basic reason of warping galaxies has been proved.Furthermore,the studies show that the key parameter influencing warping degree of a vortex galaxy is the angle between the directions of the spiral galaxy disk and the angular velocity of the background rotation.In addition,the magnitude of the angular velocity of the background rotation is also an important factor in the formation process of the warpage of galaxies.%随着天文观测手段的发展,涡旋星系的翘曲结构已经是一种比较普遍的宇宙现象,这种现象至今没有得到令人信服的解释.在之前的研究中,涡旋星系的普遍存在是由于星系的演化过程不是一个相对孤立的系统,而是由于其背景存在着大尺度转动,使得星系的演化更像是一个宇宙飓风的形成和演化过程.进一步研究发现涡旋星系普遍存在的翘曲结构,也是大尺度背景转动中惯性力作用的一种结果.通过研究在背景转动条件下的双粒子星系,对三维双粒子运动轨迹进行了模拟分析,讨论了背景转动角速度的大小及其方向等若干参量对星系翘曲度的影响.研究表明相关物理参量都对星系翘曲结构的驱动和形成有着重要的作用,进一步证明了物理背景的大尺度转动是形成翘曲星系的基本原因.研究发现,涡旋星系盘面的法向与背景转动角速度方向的夹角,是影响涡旋星系翘曲度的关键参数,此外背景转动角速度的大小等也是影响星系翘曲度的重要因素.
  • 摘要：Hadoop,spark and other software frameworks provide technical support for parallel and fast processing of big data.At the same time,the big data environment also puts forward the requirements of quasi-realtime and real-time response to OLAP.Data cube is the abstraction of multidimensional data model for OLAP.The variability analysis of large data makes the data cube high dimensional features,the amount of large data also causes the expansion of the data cube.A digraph is used to describe a data cube,which can provide a complete set of data pieces and data blocks for data analysis,and improve the efficiency of data analysis by extracting an element in the complete set.For a high dimension data cube,a dimension reduction method is used to control the size of the cube.Based the frequency and mode of using each dimension,the concepts of nondimension,necessary dimension,and joint dimensions are proposed,the methods of judging all kinds of dimensions are given,and a simplified method of adjusting the data cube is implemented.%Hadoop、spark等软件框架为大数据的并行快速处理提供了技术支持,同时大数据环境也对OLAP提出了准实时和实时响应的要求.数据立方体是OLAP的多维数据模型抽象,大数据的多变性分析使数据立方体呈现高维特点,大数据的数据量也造成了数据立方体的膨胀.利用有向图描述数据立方体,可以为数据分析提供数据片和数据块的全集,通过提取全集中的某个元素,提高数据分析的效率.对高维度的数据立方体,采用降低维度的办法进行立方体规模的控制.根据各个维度的使用频度和方式,提出了可无维度、必须维度和联合维度的概念,并分别给出了各种维度的判断方法,实现了所涉及的数据立方体的调整简化方法.
  • 摘要：Comprehensive evaluation of academic influence of sci-tech journals is a very meaningful thing for periodicals and scholars,and is also a matter to be done.Based on 10 measurement index data 2010-2012 version CSTPCD,we analyzed and ranked 17 mathematical core journals analyze of 2014 edition North Chinese core journals by principal component analysis method.The results of 3 years' quantitative analysis show that the ranking result and expert appraisal based on the mass of the 2014 edition of Chinese core journal ranking is quite consistent,and the principal component analysis method is valid and the selection of data is reasonable.%综合评价科技期刊的学术影响力,对于期刊和学者来说,都是极有意义的一件事情,也是不得不进行的一件事情.依托2010版、2011版、2012版中国科技期刊引证报告(扩刊版)数据库(CSTPCD),选取其18个定量指标中的10个指标数据,运用主成分分析方法,对国内高影响力中文数学期刊——2014版中文核心期刊要目总览中的17种数学类专业期刊进行了分析和排名.通过3年的定量分析结果发现,排名结果与以海量专家评议为主的2014版中文核心期刊要目总览的排名顺序比较吻合,表明运用主成分分析方法的有效性和选用数据的合理性.
  • 摘要：光果葶苈是沈阳地区早春开始生长、开花的植物.2017年3月12日开始生长,22日开花,而此时期沈阳的气温在-10～10℃波动.研究了光果葶苈适应低温的宏观及微观形态学特征.在宏观形态上,光果葶苈的基生叶片呈莲座状生长,紧贴地表,从而使其有效降低热量的散失.微观形态上,光果葶苈的叶片表面、背面和叶缘均密被白色星状毛;花梗下部密生叉状毡毛和单毛;花萼则生单毛.这些表皮毛加强了对光果葶苈植株整体的物理保温作用.%Draba nemorosa var.leiocarpa was the first plant to grow and bloom in the early spring in Shenyang.It began to grow on 12th and bloom on 22th March,2017.The temperature fluctuated between-10 ℃ and 10 ℃ in Shenyang during this period.Draba nemorosa var.leiocarpa must have some characteristics to guarantee it to grow and bloom under such low temperature.Its macroscopic and microscope characteristics were revealed in this study.Draba nemorosa var.leiocarpa has typical rosette leaves growing thickly near the ground and this can reduce energy lost efficiently.There are densely white stellate hairs on the surface of leaf.Fork hair and single hair grow densely on flower stalk.Single hairs grow on calyx.All the epidermal hairs keep energy and protect the whole plant from damage of low temperature.
  • 摘要：间歇式循环延时曝气活性污泥法(intermittent cyclic extended aeration sludge,ICEAS)具有投资和运行费用低、占地小、工艺简单、适应性强、耐冲击负荷、处理效果好、运行稳定、剩余污泥少等优点,广泛应用于国内外城镇污水处理厂.利用ICEAS工艺处理校园生活污水,研究了不同运行参数对处理效果的影响并得出最佳运行参数.实验结果表明:利用ICEAS处理校园生活污水的最佳条件运行参数为厌氧3h、曝气3h、缺氧3h、沉淀1h,运行周期为10h.采用最佳运行参数时,ICEAS工艺对TP去除率达到80％以上,NH3-N的去除率达到90％以上,COD的去除率达到95％以上,SS的去除率达到90％以上;并且出水COD、TP、NH3-N、SS达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准一级B标准(GB 18918-2002).%Intermittent cyclic extended aeration sludge (ICEAS) has the advantages of low investment and operation cost,small land occupation,simple process,strong adaptability,high impact resistance,good removal performance,less sludge and so on,which have been widely used in domestic wastewater treatment plants.Series of performance data of ICEAS process for treating campus wastewater were obtained by using a bench-scale experimental unit.The data showed the effect of varied operating patterns upon the pollutant removal,which led to the optimum operation parameters.Under the optimum operation parameters,the removal of pollutants of the sewage in terms of COD,NH3-N,TP and SS reached above 95％,90％,80％ and 90％.Meanwhile,the effluents of COD,NH3-N,TP and SS were lower than the Emission Standard of Town Wastewater Treatment Plant of China (GB 18918-2002) level Ⅰ part B.
  • 摘要：将二阶微分方程边值问题推广到n维二阶微分系统中,并研究n维二阶微分系统在权函数变号的情况下正解的存在性.首先,将二阶微分系统转化成与原微分系统等价的积分系统;其次,根据得到的积分系统的具体表达式以及与其对应的格林函数的性质,构造适当的范数、锥和积分算子;最后,运用范数形式的锥拉伸与锥压缩不动点定理,结合微分系统中权函数变号的特点,对非线性项构造适当的条件,使其满足不动点定理,得到积分算子不动点的存在性,进而得到原微分系统正解的存在性.运用不动点定理,得到积分算子至少存在一个不动点,进而得到原二阶微分系统至少存在一个正解.原具变号权函数的二阶微分系统至少存在一个正解.%We extend the boundary value problem of second-order differential equation to n-dimensional second-order differential systems,and consider the existence of positive solutions for n-dimensional second-order differential system with indefinite weight function.Firstly,we transform the second-order differential system into integral system which equal to original differential system.Secondly,we construct suitable norm,cone and integral operator,according to the specific form of integral system and the properties of Green's function.Finally,using the fixed-point theorem of cone expansion and compression of norm type,and combining the characteristics of the indefinite weight function,we construct appropriate conditions of the nonlinear term,such that the fixed-point theorem is satisfied.And we obtain the existence of the fixed point of the operator,and then the existence of the positive solutions of original differential system is obtained.Using the fixed point theorem,we obtain that there is at least one fixed point of the integral operator,and then there is at least one positive solution to original second-order differential system.There is at least one positive solution for original second-order differential system with indefinite weight function.
  • 摘要：The visual programming teaching platform can provide an experiment environment aid to draw the flowcharts and generate the source code.It change the traditional method of explain programming syntax to demonstrate the flowcharts model,and use the visual methods to improve the efficiency of learning the abstract conception in programming.From actual problem convert to visual model,and to codes,it makes learning process of programming more intuitively.At present,the visual programming platform is mainly implemented by desktop application and IDE.It is difficult to deploy the platform and publish the models.In this paper,a visual programming platform based on HTML5 is proposed.The Canvas control display the flowcharts.The JSON define the model and parse the model into source code.The Web Socket transfer the data of code and receive the compile and run results.The Java Runtime class wrapper the IDE to compile and run the source code.This components integrated a web-based visual programming platform.%可视化编程教学平台能提供一套绘制程序流程图并生成源代码的实验环境,将传统讲解编程语法的教学模式改变为演示流程图模型的方式,利用可视化方法来提高学习编程中“抽象概念”的认知效率.从实际问题到可视模型再到编程代码的过渡,让编码学习过程更加直观.目前可视化编程平台主要采用桌面应用+开发环境的方式实现,存在系统部署困难,运行平台受限,编程模型不易发布和共享等缺点.提出以HTML5架构实现可视化编程平台的方法,通过Canvas控件绘制和动态展示流程图模型,通过JSON定义流程图并解析为源码文件,通过WebSocket传输程序源码并进行编译和运行结果,最后通过Java的Runtime类封装程序代码的编译器和运行单元,从而形成一套完整的基于Web的可视化编程平台.
  • 摘要：产品质量诚信危机已成为制约当前网购市场发展的障碍,这一定程度上源于网购平台对在线商家的质量诚信监管不力.关于网购平台的质量诚信监管行为,现有文献进行了有益的探索,但尚未对其动态行为进行分析.基于双边市场理论,采用最优控制模型分析了由在线消费者、诚信在线商家、非诚信在线商家和网购平台构成的网购市场中,网购平台质量诚信监管力度的演化行为.通过数学模型和实证分析,发现在网购平台垄断某类商品时,随着网购平台经营周期的增加、或者随着网购平台双边用户规模的增大,网购平台的质量诚信监管力度呈现先增后减的趋势.因此,不能完全寄希望于网购平台对网购市场质量诚信的治理,需要引入平台企业间的竞争机制或建立平台和政府的二元治理机制.%The crisis about quality integrity of online shopping has already became a hinder Restricting the development of online shopping market,in a certain extent,it due to the online shopping platform didn't put on enough effort in quality integrity supervision to online sellers.The current literature has carried on the beneficial exploration to the quality integrity supervision of online purchase platform,but there isn't a research that discuss on the dynamic behavior of online shopping platform supervision.Based on the two-side market theory,this paper analysis the dynamic behavior of online shopping platform supervision on the online shopping market that consists of online consumers,honest online sellers,non-honest online sellers and online shopping platforms.Through establishing the optimal control model and conducting the empirical analysis,we can draw the conclusion that the online shopping platform will increase quality control first and then reduce quality control With the increase of the business cycle of the online shopping platform,or with the increase of the scale of the bilateral users of the online shopping platform,when a certain type of goods is monopolized by an online shopping platform.Therefore,we can not rely entirely the governance of quality integrity by online shopping platform,we need to introduce competition mechanism between platform enterprises or establish dual governance mechanism of platform and government.
  • 摘要：Nonlinear Schr(o)dinger equation has important applications in many fields,especially the study on the fractional non-linear Schr(o)dinger equation(FNLS) has been paying more and more attention.In this paper,we mainly discuss the conservation numerical solution of two-dimensional fractional nonlinear Schr(o)dinger equation.Firstly,for two-dimensional fractional nonlinear Schr(o)dinger equationon the basis of spatial discretization,the fractional differential matrix is introduced based on the weighted and shifted Grunwald-Letnikov(WSGD) space difference scheme to reduce the storage and CPU time.Secondly,for two-dimensional fractional nonlinear Schr(o)dinger equation to develop the compact implicit integration factor(cIIF) method on time discretization,its advantage ofthe exponential matrix,which is a compact integral factor method,can be calculated and stored in the preprocessing stage and applied directly in the time loop.Another feature is the decoupling of the exact computation of diffusion terms from the implicit processing of nonlinear terms.The local nonlinear algebraic equations for each space grid point are solved in each time period.Finally,numerical examples are given to illustrate the conservation,accuracy and validity of the method.%非线性薛定谔方程在许多领域有重要应用,尤其分数阶非线性薛定谔方程研究日益火热.主要研究二维分数阶非线性薛定谔方程的守恒数值求解方法.首先,为了减少存储量和运行时间,引入分数阶微分矩阵,应用加权和偏移Grunwald-Letnikov空间差分格式,对二维分数阶非线性薛定谔方程进行空间离散;然后,利用紧致隐式积分因子方法的优点(指数矩阵可以在预处理阶段计算和存储,在时间循环过程中可以直接应用,且对扩散项的精确计算与非线性项的隐式处理解耦,只需在每个时间周期内求解每个空间网格点的局部非线性代数方程组),对二维分数阶非线性薛定谔方程进行时间离散;最后,数值算例验证了方法的守恒性、准确性和有效性.
  • 摘要：This paper takes 14 counties of Liaoning as research units for analysis,by using high-speed transport superiority degree model and entropy weight method and coupling coordination model,the tourism economy and high-speed transport superiority of each city in Liaoning province were measured.The coupling coordination model is used to measure the coordination of tourism economy and high-speed transport superiority.Reserch findings:1) In the space fomed by the Liaoning,Shenyang as high-speed transport superiority growth pole,to the surrounding city state regoinal transport superiority such as "core periphery" auxiliary space pattern.2) Shenyang and Dalian are core development area of Liaoning when coastal area higher level but the borders of worth and west lag behind.3) Spatial coupling coordination of Liaoning between high-speed transport superiority and the development level of tourism economic is not significiant.The core area Shenyang to realize the high coordination,the borders of north and west present low coordination.%以辽宁省14个地级市为研究对象,根据高速交通优势度评价模型,熵值法,耦合协调度模型,对2015年辽宁省高速交通优势度、旅游经济发展水平进行测度,并对比分析了二者之间的耦合协调关系.研究结果表明:1)辽宁省高速交通优势度在空间上形成以沈阳为核心,向外围逐渐减弱的“中心—外围”分布格局,中部城市交通优势度相对较好,东部地区交通优势度总体上高于西部地区.2)辽宁省旅游经济形成了沈阳、大连两大核心区域,沿海地区旅游发展水平较高,北部、西部边际城市发展水平相对滞后.3)辽宁省交通优势度与旅游经济整体上协调度一般.以沈阳为主中心地区协调性高,西部、北部边缘城市发展协调性低.
  • 摘要：Complex photonic crystals (CPCs) are optical microstructures consisting of two or more sets of simple photonic crystals.It has been a long-term goal to achieve CPCs with various special unitcell shapes.Based on multi-beam interference principle,the realization mechanism and beam configuration for generating CPCs by laser holography method are discussed.Complex triangular photonic crystals composed of three sets of simple lattices are realized by using six coherent beams of symmetric beam configuration.Furthermore,computer simulations are carried out to systematically study the influence of the polarization combinations of light beams on the shape and contrast of the unitcell.CPCs with various unitcells,including ring,split-ring,meniscus and rectangle,are obtained under different polarization combinations.The above studies provide an effective way to design CPCs with special unitcells.%复式光子晶体是指由2套或以上简单光子晶体嵌套而成的光学微结构,有效获得特殊元胞形状的复式光子晶体是人们追求的目标.从多光束干涉原理出发,探讨了激光全息法产生复式光子晶体的实现机理及光路配置,利用对称配置的六束相干光实现了3套简单晶格嵌套而成的复式三角晶格光子晶体.进一步利用MATLAB编程进行计算机仿真,系统讨论了光束偏振组合对复式三角晶格光子晶体元胞形状和对比度的影响,获得了圆环、缺口环、弯月形、矩形等不同元胞形状的复式光子晶体,并对其偏振组合的影响规律进行了分析总结.以上研究为设计复杂元胞形状的新颖复式光子晶体提供了有效途径.
  • 摘要：We considered a class of linear time-invariable systems.First,based on the problem of pole assignment for the vertical bar region of static output feedback,we gave the concept of tolerance interval of single deviation model with uncertain parameters for control system.Second,through the analysis of the influence on the performance of the system by uncertain parameters fluctuation of linear time-invariable systems,we gave the necessary and sufficient conditions for the algorithm of uncertain parameters tolerance interval in vertical bar region by solving the optimal value of mathematical model.Furthermore,by comparing the size of tolerance intervals for various uncertain parameters,we determine the level of influence on the performance of the linear timeinvariable systems by the control system uncertain parameters tolerance interval.We provided the reliability of control system,reduced the design cost and showed sufficient theoretical basis for the system designers to design an ideal control system.Finally,we confirm the scientificalness and effectiveness of the conclusion above by the results of numerical simulation.%考虑一类线性定常系统.首先,在静态输出反馈垂直条形区域极点配置问题的基础上,提出了控制系统不确定参数单一偏差模型的容忍区间的概念;然后,通过分析线性定常系统不确定参数的波动对系统性能的影响,运用求解数学模型最优值的方法,给出了垂直条形区域下控制系统不确定参数的容忍区间算法的充分必要条件;进一步;比较线性定常系统各个不确定参数容忍区间的大小,确定了控制系统各不确定参数的容忍区间对该系统性能的影响水平;最后,数值模拟仿真进一步证明了所提结论的科学性和有效性.设计的系统满足了控制系统的可靠性,降低了该线性定常系统的设计成本,为系统设计人员设计出理想的控制系统提供了充分的理论依据.
  • 摘要：Gold is a special precious metal.It is also a kind of important hedged tool on the international market.Gold reserves have a special effect on the regulation of exchange rate,economic stabilization and inflation control in a country.The author tests the properties of autocorrelation and volatility clustering on the international gold price firstly.Then,with the theorem of quality control,the author discusses the method of the monitoring and early warning on international gold price.To avoid the restriction on the traditional control chart which is only applied on mutual independent and same distribution process,the author proposes GARCH residual control chart to monitor the gold price.Through replacing the unconditional standard deviation by conditional one,a dynamic control limits is structured.All these analysis and conclusion are applied on the international gold price.The result shows that GARCH control chart is more sensitive than the traditional control chart.It is effective to monitor autoregressive process.%黄金作为一种特殊的贵金属,一直以来就是国际市场上重要的避险工具,黄金储备在维持或影响汇率水平、稳定国民经济、抑制通货膨胀等方面有着特殊作用.以国际黄金月度价格作为研究对象,对国际黄金价格所具有的自相关性和聚集性特征进行了验证,并结合质量控制理论对国际黄金价格的监测预警进行了深入地探讨.传统的控制图仅针对相互独立同分布的时序过程,为避免自相关的数据对传统控制图的限制,提出了基于GARCH模型的残差控制图.传统的6σ控制图为静态控制限,通过将控制限模型中无条件标准差替换成条件标准差,构建出动态的控制限,并将该模型应用于国际黄金现货价格进行实证分析.实证结果显示,GARCH型控制图比传统控制图更敏感,对自相关过程的监控更加有效.
  • 摘要：建立了中国传统经典中药材黄芪及其种植土壤中毒杀芬残留量的气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测方法.粉碎后的黄芪和土壤样品采用正己烷提取毒杀芬后,提取液经PSA(N-丙基乙二胺)和石墨化炭黑固相萃取填料净化,气相色谱-电子捕获检测器测定其毒杀芬含量,外标法定量.方法定量限(信噪比为10∶1)为0.01 mg/kg,在0.1～2.0 μg/mL的质量浓度范围内,相关系数为0.996,在黄芪和土壤2种样品基质中,0.01,0.02,0.10 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,分别平行测定6次,回收率为81％～98％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.3％～5.3％,均符合农药残留检测要求.该方法提取效果好,检测灵敏度高,适用于黄芪及其种植土壤中毒杀芬的快速检测.%A method was developed for the determination of toxaphene residues in Chinese traditional medicine astragalus mongholicus and soil by capillary gas chromatographic-electron capture detector.The pesticide in the pulverized samples was extracted using n-hexane and purified by PSA and Carb,finally detected by GC-electron capture detector,external standard method for quantitative.The quantization limit(S/N=10 ∶ 1) found was 0.01 mg/kg.In the linear range of 0.1～2.0 μg/mL,the correlation coefficient was 0.996.The performance was demonstrated by the analysis of astragalus mongholicus and soil samples spiked with toxaphene congeners at three levels of 0.01、0.02、0.10 mg/kg (n =6),the corresponding recoveries were 81％ ～ 98 ％,the relative standard deviations(RSD) were 2.3％～5.3％,all conforms to the requirement of pesticide residue detection.This method is sensitive and efficient in the aspect of extraction,and suitable for rapid detection of toxaphene residues in astragalus mongholicus and soil.
  • 摘要：X-ray machine is an important testing equipment.Along with the wide application of x-ray machine to food safety,medical treatment,industrial inspection,etc.,it is needed to increasingly improve its manufacturing technology and detection accuracy.To solve these defects,such as complex manual adjustment,slow respond and low measuring accuracy ect.,of traditional x-ray machine,we designed the intelligent high-frequency power supply control system of x-ray machine.With PLC as the core control zone,the intelligence control system of x-ray machine has been realized.In the control system,many functions,such as the closed-loop feedback control of tube voltage (kV),tube current (mA) and over-voltage and over-current detection protection functions,become practical.The results of the measurements illustrate that,the intelligent control system can achieve the following goal,that is,continuous adjustment the tube voltage of 0～300 kV,the small-focus current 0～3 mA and the large-focus current of 0～ 10 mA.The intelligent control system has the advantages,such as simple peripheral circuits,easy and steady operation,flexible design,high precision,and short software development cycle,which can be practically applied in industrial non-destructive testing.%X射线机是一种重要的检测设备.随着食品安全、医疗、工业检测等方面的广泛应用,对它的制造技术和检测精度不断提出更高的要求.针对传统X光机手动调节方式复杂,速度慢,准确性低等缺点,提出了一种高频X光机电源智能控制系统的设计方案,以PLC为核心控制区,实现了X光机的智能化控制.在控制系统中完成了管电压(kV)、管电流(mA)闭环反馈控制及过压过流检测等保护功能.经多次测试结果表明,该智能控制系统能够达到管电压0～300 kV、X射线管小焦点电流0～3 mA和大焦点电流0～10 mA连续可调等目标.该智能控制系统具有外围电路简单、操作简便、设计灵活、工作稳定、精度高、软件开发周期短等优点,主要应用于工业无损检测等方面.
  • 摘要：To find the best application of selenium and obtain a more reliable and high quality selenium-enriched peanut products,it lays a foundation for the future promotion of seleniumenriched peanuts in large areas of North region of Shenyang.The graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used for the detection of selenium in peanuts in different treatment groups.Selenium was applied in three ways:to the soil,the foliage and both of them.The observations of the effects of the corresponding selenium concentration on peanut germination and plant height and contents of selenium were recorded.In the range of 0.4～ 1.2 mg/L selenium,germination rate and height of the peanut slightly increase,the content of selenium content in the peanut increases significantly.The Applied selenium was over 2 mg/L,all observations are significant downward trend.The suitable amount of application of selenium in soil and leaves or both are useful,especially for the content of selenium in peanut,but over-selenium application is useless even harmful to the peanut.%通过对花生的富硒研究,找到最佳的施硒量及施硒方式,得到更加优质可靠的富硒花生产品,同时也为在沈北地区大面积推广种植富硒花生奠定基础.利用石墨炉原子吸收法测定不同处理组浓度下花生的含硒量,通过田间实验,分别采用土壤施硒、叶面施硒、土壤、叶面同时施硒的方法,施加不同硒浓度梯度的硒肥,观察记录每种施加方式及对应硒浓度下花生的发芽及株高情况.在施硒量为0.4～1.2 mg/L的范围内,花生的出芽率和株高略有提高,继续增加施硒量,有小的下降趋势.花生中含硒量随着施硒量的增加而增加,超过2 mg/L之后,花生中含硒量有明显下降趋势.少量施硒对花生的发芽率和株高略有提高且有利于提高花生中的硒含量,大量施硒无益.
  • 摘要：实践教学是理工科专业教学中必不可少的重要教学环节,为解决专业课程中理论教学与实践应用教学衔接不及时、不紧密造成理论知识理解不深刻甚至阻碍创新实践应用研究的问题,以激光原理课程为例进行教学改革探讨,在课程内容上进行多学科知识融合,在教学方式与手段上,充分利用资源共享课建设、网络教学平台以及各类学生科研项目,因材施教,进行理论深入理解与创新实践相结合,拓展学生视野,提高学生创新实践意识与能力.%Practical teaching was an necessary item in teaching process.However,the theoretical knowledge was lack of cohesion with practice in some courses,which leaded to the problems of unimpressive understanding and hindering the innovation.In this article,laser principle course was taken as an example to present the educational reform,that was,adjusting the teaching contents,combing the theory and practice,using excellent resource sharing course and web-based teaching platform,kinds of students' scientific research item,all of them were adopted to expand students' horizons and promote the students' innovation consciousness and ability.
  • 摘要：为调查辽宁南部某村东南方向2座矿渣堆污染该村土壤环境的现状,采用微波消解和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法检测了该村土壤中Ni、Cr、As、Pb、Cu和Cd等重金属含量,继而采用污染指数法评价了重金属污染程度,并采用相关性分析法分析了该村重金属来源.该村农业土壤重金属Cd和As含量较高,其中Cd浓度范围在1.74～2.93 mg·kg-1,综合污染指数显示该村农业土壤质量为中度污染和重度污染;相关性分析结果显示,Ni、Cr、As、Cd含量显著相关,且农业土壤中与矿渣堆中的这些重金属含量显著相关.因此得出如下结论:该村农业土壤重金属污染严重,会导致食品安全问题,农业土壤中重金属很可能来自于矿渣堆.%Two slag heaps were piling up in the southeast to a village of south Liaoning Province since 2005.In order to investigate the influence of the slag heaps to the village soil environment,microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry was used to determine the heavy metal concentrations,including nickle(Ni),chromium(Cr),arsenic(As),lead (Pb),copper(Cu) and cadmium(Cd).The pollution indices and correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate heavy metal pollution source.The results showed that the contents of Cd and As were high in agricultural soil of this village.Especially Cd concentrations ranged from 1.74 to 2.93 mg · kg-1 in agriculture soil.The comprehensive pollution index indicated the agricultural soils having been moderately or heavily contaminated by metals.Correlation analysis results showed that the content of Ni,Cr,As and Cd significantly correlated with each other,and these metal contents in agricultural soils were significantly associated with those in the slag heaps.Accordingly,the pollution of heavy metals was serious,which would result in a problem of food safety,and heavy metals in the agricultural soil possibly came from the slag heaps.

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