Жанр думи в українській літературі: становлення, етапи розвитку, художня специфіка

摘要

Tsikavyi S. A. Genre Duma in the Ukrainian literature: the formation, development stages, art specifics. – The manuscript rights.udThe thesis for the degree of Candidate of Philological Studies, speciality — 10.01.01 – Ukrainian literature. – V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sport of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 2013.udThe thesis analyzes the development of the genre Duma in the Ukrainian literature on the material of 20th–21st centuries works, defines the transmission stages of genre, the influence of other genres on Duma assimilation by artists. Genre in the paper is scrutinized as a picture of the world (world’s image), which is changing in the process of adapting to the literature with varying intensity, reinforced by modifications of style. It is concluded, that close development of scientific genologic conceptions in literature and folklore studies makes it possible to trace genre transmission. The levels of world’s image and style have been selected as main trends for analysis. Accordingly, it was found that the editor’s refinement and fakes have laid the foundation for modifications of Duma’s genologic parameters: ideological views of the 19th century appear in the picture of the world, the praying mood deepens, compared to folk genre. These trends have been developed by Romantic poets: a synthesis of world’s images and styles of different genres, imitation of anisosyllabic versification with the syllabic and syllabic-tonic means. Romanticists tended to combination of epic and world’s image of calendar poetry and also have founded close combination of poetical parameters of Duma and heroic poem „The Tale of Ihor’s Campaign”. The last tendency has caused Duma-style translations by Panas Myrnyi and K. Zinkivskyi of that poem. In P. Kulish’s poem „Ukraine” the trend of plot contamination is traced: accordingly to age’s conception, the author have tried to build a sort of national epos on Greek examples. Such a trend is noticeable in further tradition: e.g., the term „Duma” in the titles of some poetry books refers to the compilation of many texts in one heroic and pathetic epos.udDuma stylizations, presenting the revolutionary romanticism, accentuated representation of their historical time, as reflected in the construction of the conflict and at the images of the day. The actualization of „language games” – rhetoric and, as a consequence – dramatization is noticeable: heroes’ speeches become plot-building. It is defined, that para-literature context – especially ideology – has become significant part of the picture of the world.udMock Dumas both of 19th and 20th centuries tended to polemics with heroic world’s image: actualizing of recognizable stylistic parameters, I. Franko and O. Irvanets’ have formed the additional satirical level of reading for their texts.udIt is determined, that in the further development of genologic signs symbolizing of the plot deepens, the range of genres reacting with Duma increases. Specifically, ode, fable, fairy tale, calendar folklore influences are being studied. Some plots eliminate central folk parameter of world’s picture – a heroic person. Such a trend – deheroisation – is noticeable in mock Dumas, but furthermore in some scrutinized works preterhuman heroes can be observed (e.g., personalized nature elements – in P. Tychyna’s and V. Svidzins’kyi’s poetries). Genological signs of fairy tale and folk legend are traced in some elder re-interpretations of Duma by P. Tychyna and O. Berdnyk. udStyle and rhythmic organization of literary Duma lose specificity and are recognized only in the horizon of expectations formed by the title of the work. The later authors – both epics and lyrics creators, – as it was found in the work, interpret certain genre markers – like style and picture of the world. In poetries by V. Stus Duma influences are non-systematic, but strong typological correspondences lead to the conclusion of indirect genre tendencies, both on poetical and world’s image levels.udThe Duma in the history of Ukrainian literature went a long development, during which discovered the ability to interact with other genres. However, rapid weight kind of specific metrics caused active erosion of its genological characteristics in current genre system, despite the fact that the impact of scientific ideas about folk Duma on the literary life of the genre makes it recognizable even in the writings of the late twentieth century.