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Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of high lysine maize

机译:高赖氨酸玉米的表型和基因型特征

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摘要

Quality Protein Maize (QPM) with the mutant gene opaque-2 (o2), has higherlysine and tryptophan content and hard endosperm which is less susceptible tomechanical and biological damage. Three experiments were conducted to characterize thephenotypic and genotypic characteristics of high lysine maize. In the first experiment twoseparate diallels including 7 white and 9 yellow QPM inbreds were evaluated in fivesouthern USA environments to estimate the general (GCA) and specific combiningabilities (SCA) for grain yield and to identify potential heterotic relationships amongthem. QPM hybrids yielded less than commercial checks. GCA effects acrossenvironments were non-significant for grain yield but highly significant for secondarytraits. Best yielding hybrids resulted from crosses among inbreds from different programs(CIMMYT, Mexico; University of Natal, South Africa and TAMU, USA). In the secondexperiment testcrosses between QPM inbreds and Tx804, were evaluated for agronomicperformance, aflatoxin resistance and quality. QPM inbreds in testcrosses have similarflowering dates, plant height, ear height and test weights but lower grain yield thannormal checks. Population 69 inbreds and their testcrosses were least susceptible toaflatoxin. Aflatoxin in testcrosses was positively correlated with endosperm texture(0.67) and kernel integrity (0.60) but negatively correlated with grain yield (-0.30) andsilking date (-0.50). Tryptophan content was negatively correlated with endospermmodification. Amino acid levels of inbred lines were significantly correlated with thoseof hybrids, but with low predictive value. In the third experiment 92 high lysine maizeinbreds with different origins [Stiff Stalk, Non Stiff Stalk, Pop 69, temperate (Tx802,Tx804, Tx806, B97, B104) and exotic subtropical lines (CML161, Do940y and Ko326y)]were haplotyped on a cM scale utilizing 43 mapped SSR markers to characterize geneticdiversity on chromosome 7, estimate linkage disequilibrium around opaque-2 locus anddetermine the parental contribution in some inbreds. Dendrograms of genetic similarityshowed clusters in agreement with the different origin of inbreds. A total of 200 alleleswere detected with an average of 4.7 alleles/locus. Significant linkage disequilibrium wasdetected around opaque-2 locus. Parental contributions of haplotypes showed segmentsof chromosome 7 exclusively contributed by one or the other parent.
机译:具有突变基因opaque-2(o2)的优质蛋白质玉米(QPM)具有较高的赖氨酸和色氨酸含量,并且胚乳坚硬,因此对机械和生物损害较不敏感。进行了三个实验来表征高赖氨酸玉米的表型和基因型特征。在第一个实验中,在美国五个南部的环境中对包括7个白色和9个黄色QPM自交系的两个不同的表象进行了评估,以评估谷物产量的一般(GCA)和特定组合能力(SCA),并确定它们之间的潜在异质关系。 QPM杂种的产量低于商业支票。跨环境的GCA效应对谷物产量无显着影响,但对次生性状则极为显着。高产杂种是由不同程序(墨西哥CIMMYT;南非纳塔尔大学和美国TAMU)的近交系杂交产生的。在第二个实验中,对QPM自交系和Tx804的杂交进行了农艺性能,黄曲霉抗性和品质的评估。杂交试验中的QPM自交系具有相似的开花日期,株高,穗高和试验重,但谷物产量低于正常检查。 69个自交系及其交配对黄曲霉毒素的敏感性最低。杂交试验中的黄曲霉毒素与胚乳质地(0.67)和籽粒完整性(0.60)正相关,而与谷物产量(-0.30)和生长期(-0.50)负相关。色氨酸含量与胚乳变性呈负相关。自交系的氨基酸水平与杂种的显着相关,但预测价值较低。在第三个实验中,将92种不同来源的高赖氨酸玉米自交系[硬茎,非硬茎,Pop 69,温带(Tx802,Tx804,Tx806,B97,B104)和奇特的亚热带系(CML161,Do940y和Ko326y)]进行了单倍型分析。 cM量表利用43个SSR标记来表征7号染色体上的遗传多样性,估计不透明2位点周围的连锁不平衡,并确定某些近交种的亲本贡献。遗传相似性的树状图显示簇与自交系的不同起源一致。总共检测到200个等位基因,平均4.7个等位基因/基因座。在不透明2位点附近检测到显着的连锁不平衡。单倍型的父母贡献显示7号染色体的片段仅由一个或另一个父母贡献。

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    Bhatnagar Sandeep;

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  • 年度 2006
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