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The role of forest tent canterpillar defoliations and partial harvest in the decline and death of sugar maple

机译:森林帐篷中的毛毛虫落叶和部分收获在糖枫的衰退和死亡中的作用

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摘要

• Background and Aims: Natural and anthropogenic disturbances can act as stresses on tree vigour. According to Manion's conceptual model of tree disease, the initial vigour of trees decreases as a result of predisposing factors that render these trees more vulnerable to severe inciting stresses, stresses that can then cause final vigour decline and subsequent tree death. This tree disease model was tested in sugar maple (Acer saccharum) by assessing the roles of natural and anthropogenic disturbances in tree decline and death. • Methods: Radial growth data from 377 sugar maple trees that had undergone both defoliations by insects and partial harvest were used to estimate longitudinal survival probabilities as a proxy for tree vigour. Radial growth rates and survival probabilities were compared among trees subjected to different levels of above- and below-ground disturbances, between periods of defoliation and harvest, and between live and dead trees. • Key Results: Manion's tree disease model correctly accounts for vigour decline and tree death in sugar maple; tree growth and vigour were negatively affected by a first defoliation, predisposing these trees to death later during the study period due to a second insect outbreak that initiated a final vigour decline. This decline was accelerated by the partial harvest disturbance in 1993. Even the most severe anthropogenic disturbances from partial harvest did not cause, unlike insect defoliation, any growth or vigour declines in live sugar maple. • Conclusions: Natural disturbances acted as predisposing and inciting stresses in tree sugar maple decline and death. Anthropogenic disturbances from a partial harvest at worst accelerated a decline in trees that were already weakened by predisposing and inciting stresses (i.e. repeated insect defoliations). Favourable climatic conditions just before and after the partial harvest may have alleviated possible negative effects on growth resulting from harvesting.
机译:•背景和目标:自然和人为干扰可能会加剧树木的活力。根据Manion的树木疾病概念模型,由于易感性因素使树木更容易受到严重的挑衅压力的影响,树木的初始活力会降低,这些压力随后会导致最终活力下降和随后的树木死亡。通过评估自然和人为干扰在树木衰落和死亡中的作用,在糖枫树中测试了这种树木疾病模型。 •方法:使用来自377棵枫树的径向生长数据,这些树经历了昆虫的脱叶和部分采伐后,用于估计纵向存活概率,以作为树势的代名词。比较了受到不同程度的地上和地下扰动的树木,在落叶和收获期之间以及在活树和枯树之间的径向生长率和生存率。 •主要结果:Manion的树木疾病模型正确地解释了糖枫的活力下降和树木死亡;第一次落叶使树木的生长和活力受到负面影响,由于第二次昆虫爆发导致最终的活力下降,这些落叶在研究期间更易死亡。 1993年的部分收成扰动加剧了这种下降。与昆虫的落叶不同,即使是部分收成中最严重的人为扰动也不会引起活糖枫的生长或活力下降。 •结论:自然干扰是糖枫树衰落和死亡的诱因和诱因。在最坏的情况下部分收成造成的人为干扰加速了树木的衰落,而树木的衰落已经通过诱发和刺激压力(即反复的昆虫脱叶)而减弱了。在部分收获之前和之后的有利气候条件可能减轻了收获对生长造成的负面影响。

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  • 年度 2008
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