We propose an on-chip scalable cluster-state quantum computing (QC)architecture comprising a two-dimensional array of atomic qubits and detectors,networked by photonic switches and waveguides. A major barrier to scaling upsuch systems lies in efficiently entangling neighboring atomic memories byconversion of the qubits to photons and establishing entanglement via Bellmeasurements in the optical domain, all within the coherence time. Ourarchitecture leverages percolation theory to significantly reduce the timerequired to create a universal-QC-capable cluster of atomic memories, comparedwith recently-studied architectures that rely on repeat-until-successentanglement connections. This reduction puts our architecture in anoperational regime where demonstrated collection, coupling and detectionefficiencies would be sufficient for scalable QC with experimentallydemonstrated coherence times. Furthermore, our approach dispenses the need fortime consuming feed-forward, high-cooperativity interfaces and ancilla singlephotons, and can also tolerate a high rate of site imperfections. We alsopropose a variant of the architecture which allows for long-range connectionsand makes our architecture even more resilient to low site yields. We analyzeour architecture for nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, but emphasizethat the approach applies to any atomic or atom-like system.
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