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Tourism and sustainable development: active stakeholder discourses in the Waterberg Biosphere Reserve, South Africa

机译:旅游业与可持续发展:南非沃特伯格生物圈保护区积极的利益相关者演讲

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摘要

The aim of this thesis is to examine the extent to which tourism is a sustainable development (SD) option in the Waterberg Biosphere Reserve (WBR), South Africa. It examines the discourses of those stakeholders who can actively affect decisions or actions regarding sustainable tourism development (STD). The literature on tourism points to it being a contested development option, with a number of positive aspects which are mainly economic fitting with the neoliberal development paradigm. There are however critical concerns over the ability of tourism to contribute to the wider issues surrounding SD. There are also conceptual and practical issues regarding SD/STD with stakeholders having varying approaches to, and positions on, the concepts. This case-study examines tourism development in the predominantly rural WBR which has seen tourism become the major economic and land-use sector in the area. Biosphere reserves are a United Nation’s designation stipulating that the region should endeavour to follow the principles of SD. Therefore, how tourism develops in the area has implications for the SD of the biosphere reserve area. An inductive qualitative methodology was designed to collect and analyse the discourses of those stakeholders who can actively affect STD concerns within the WBR. Critical discourse analysis is used to reveal notions of power, ideology and knowledge relating to the macro contexts of development, SD, STD and the micro context of the geographical area. The discourses of the active stakeholders reveal that tourism is seen mainly as an economic driver and SD discourses do emerge regarding the environment and futurity or concern for future generations. The discourses also uncover a strong ‘sense of place’ attachment to the region and a desire to conserve the environment. However they show that tourism does not contribute to wider SD objectives of basic needs, poverty reduction, quality of life improvement and population levels. This thesis reveals how levels of knowledge from active stakeholders, influenced by ideology, affect power in the region. The main contribution of this research is that active stakeholder discourses need to be understood in the contexts of development and that the link between discourse, knowledge, ideology and power needs to recognised when examining tourism as a sustainable development option.
机译:本文的目的是研究南非水上生物圈保护区(WBR)中旅游业在多大程度上是可持续发展(SD)的选择。它研究了那些可以积极影响有关可持续旅游业发展(STD)的决定或行动的利益相关者的话语。关于旅游业的文献指出,这是一个有争议的发展选择,它具有许多积极方面,主要是在经济上与新自由主义发展范式相适应。但是,人们对旅游业为可持续发展问题带来更大影响的能力提出了严重关切。关于SD / STD,也存在一些概念和实际问题,利益相关者对这些概念的方法和立场各不相同。本案例研究考察了以乡村为主的农村发展银行的旅游业发展,该地区已使旅游业成为该地区主要的经济和土地利用部门。生物圈保护区是联合国的指定,规定该地区应努力遵循可持续发展原则。因此,该地区旅游业的发展对生物圈保护区的可持续发展具有重要意义。设计了一种归纳定性方法,以收集和分析那些可以积极影响WBR内STD问题的利益相关者的话语。批判性话语分析用于揭示与发展的宏观环境,可持续发展,性病和地理区域的微观环境有关的权力,意识形态和知识的概念。积极的利益相关者的话语表明,旅游业主要被视为一种经济驱动力,而可持续发展的话语的确出现在环境,未来性或对子孙后代的关注上。这些话语还揭示了对该地区的强烈的“地方感”依恋以及对保护环境的渴望。但是,它们表明,旅游业并不能促进实现更广泛的可持续发展目标,如基本需求,减少贫困,改善生活质量和人口水平。本论文揭示了受意识形态影响的积极利益相关者的知识水平如何影响该地区的权力。这项研究的主要贡献在于,需要在发展的背景下理解积极的利益相关者话语,并且在将旅游业视为可持续发展选择时,必须承认话语,知识,意识形态和权力之间的联系。

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    Lyon A;

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  • 年度 2000
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