Electrical and Control Aspects of Offshore Wind Farms II (ERACO II). Volume 2: Offshore Wind Farm Case Studies

摘要

To investigate dynamic interaction of wind farms and the electrical grid dynamic models of wind farms are needed. These models are not available however. The objective of the Erao-2 project has been (1) to develop these models, (2) to demons rate their use by evaluating wind farms with different types of electrical systems and (3) to design and demonstrate controllers that can cope with grid code requirements. Four types of wind farm models have been developed based on different types of turbines: Constant Speed Stall turbine with directly coupled Induction Generator (CSS-IG)$ Constant Speed Stall turbine with Cluster Controlled induction generator operating in variable speed mode (CSS-CC)$ Variable Speed Pitch turbine with Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (VSP-DFIG)$ Variable Speed Pitch turbine with Permanent Magnet generator and full converter (VSP-PM). For each type of wind farm. three cases have been evaluated: normal operation including flicker production$ response to a grid frequency dip$ response to a grid voltage dip. For the wind farms which are able to support grid voltage or grid frequency. controllers for these purposes have been developed and demonstrated.