Development of a Spectrographic Method for Determination of Low-Level Impurity Elements in Lead-Zirconate Lead-Titanate Mixtures

摘要

This report outlines the basic steps followed in the development of a method for analysis of Lead Zirconium Titanium (PZT) material. Various approaches were investigated, and a general literature research was conducted. A search of methods and our own laboratory experience indicate the continuous arc technique utilizing buffering complexes or carrier mixtures would provide the most direct approach and maximum detectability for the wide spectrum of elemental impurities. After extensive experimentation, it was found that the elements of interest can be divided into four groups, each requiring different carrier or buffering admixtures and excitation conditions. The categories are as follows: (1) Relatively volatile elements: B, Bi, Co, Na, Sn, and Zn; (2) Alkali elements: Ba, K, and Na; (3) Refractory elements: Nb and Hf; and (4) General Element group: Al, Bi, Co, Cu, Cr, Ag, Fe, Mg, Mn, Si, Sn, Sr, B, Zn, Na, Ni. (Author)