Characterization of Exhaust Emissions from Methanol- and Gasoline-Fueled Automobiles

摘要

This report describes the laboratory effort to characterize regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions from four light-duty, spark-ignited automobiles. Two of the automobiles, a 1981 Ford Escort and a 1981 Volkswagen Rabbit, were evaluated with gasoline; one of these was also operated on a gasoline-alcohol blend. The two other vehicles, also a 1981 Escort and a 1981 Rabbit, were evaluated with methanol fuel. The automobiles were evaluated over the Light-Duty Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and the Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HFET). Additional evaluations with the methanol-fueled Escort and Rabbit were conducted using promoted base metal catalysts, and the Escort was evaluated in a non-catalyst configuration. Exhaust constituents measured, in addition to the regulated emissions, include: aldehydes (including formaldehyde), particulates, individual hydrocarbons, methanol, ethanol, ammonia, cyanide, amines, nitrosamines, and methyl nitrite. Additional exhaust evaluations included mass spectral and Ames bioassay analyses.