Individual Differences in the Adaptability to Irregular Rest-Work Rhythms/Status of the Use of Drugs in Sleep-Wakefulness Management (Les Differences entre individus concernant les facultes d' adaptation aux rythmes irreguliers activite-repos/Le point sur l'utilisation des medicaments pour la gestion des periodes veille- sommeil)

摘要

These proceedings include the Technical Evaluation Report, two Keynote Addresses and 20 solicited papers of the Workshop sponsored by the NATO Human Factors and Medicine Panel and held at the Scuola Navale Militare 'Francesco Morosini' in Venice, Italy, from 3-4 June 1999. NATO Contingency Operations provide new challenges to military personnel's health, safety and performance. In fact, these operations are commonly characterized by the need for effective performance at any time of the day or night. There is a growing body of knowledge pointing to the existence of important individual psychophysiological differences that may enable some individuals to better adapt to irregular rest-work rhythms. Furthermore, selected categories of drugs may be employed in operational conditions. The purpose of this Workshop was to address both the individual difference implications during irregular sleep-wake regimens and the state of the art in the pharmacological management of sleep-wake rhythms. The papers addressed the individual difference implications in: (a) sustained and continuous operations; (b) flash adaptation to shift work and to new time zones; (c) tendency to fall asleep; (d) sleep deprivation; (e) polyphasic rest-work schedules and napping strategies; and (f) sleep inertia. In addition, the papers also addressed the usefulness in operational settings of: (a) bright light therapy; (b) melatonin therapy; (c) hypnotics to promote sleep; and (d) stimulants to sustain performance. These proceedings will be of interest to those who are concerned with the sleep-wake management of personnel in air, sea and land operations; to aerospace scientists, as well as to people working in the field of applied sleep research, wanting an updated review of relevant research in the field of individual difference implications and the pharmacological/ non-pharmacological management of irregular rest-work schedules.