Solvent Effects on Simple Electron Transfer Reactions. A Comparison of Results for Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Systems

摘要

Solvents effects on the rate constants for both homogeneous and heterogeneous electron transfer reactions have been analyzed on the basis of current models which consider the role of dynamic relaxation processes in determining the magnitude of the pre-exponential factor. A statistical method for separating the effects of the solvent longitudinal relaxation time tau (sub L) from those of the solvent permittivity parameter gamma is described and applied to 15 sets of experimental data for which results are available in at least four solvents. The degree to which the explained variation in the logarithm of the rate constant could be attributed to either of these effects varied all the way from 0 to 100% depending on the degree of reaction adiabaticity and the relative sizes of the inner and outer sphere components of the free energy of activation. Data for the limiting cases in which there is no tau (sub L) dependence in the pre-exponential factor or in which the pre-exponential factor is proportional to 1/tau (sub L) were analyzed further to obtain the size-distance parameter and the components of the pre-exponential factor relevant to the encounter pre-equilibrium model. These parameters have been discussed with respect to current developments in electron transfer theory. Problems in estimating the longitudinal relaxation time in the solvent, required for the analysis, are also considered. (jhd)