Resuscitation of Intraoperative Hypovolemia: A Comparison of Normal Saline andHyperosmotic/Hyperoncotic Solutions in Swine

摘要

Hypovolemic hypotension is a common surgical problem during extensive surgicalprocedures and in patients with multiple trauma. Current resuscitative measures include infusions of blood or its components, colloids, and isotonic crystalloid solutions. Blood derivatives have limited availability and high cost, and when used in large volumes, they can induce disturbances such as hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and coagulation derangements, as well as potentially fatal viral infections (1). Isotonic crystalloid solutions are only effective when administered in volumes several times the vascular fluid deficit. These large doses can lead to acute hemodilution. Hemodilution reduces blood oxygen-carrying capacity, thus potentially incurring hypoxic organ dysfunction.