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Groundwater pollution source apportionment using principal component analysis in a multiple land-use area in southwestern China

机译:在中国西南部的多陆土地利用区中使用主成分分析的地下水污染源分摊

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摘要

Identification of different pollution sources in groundwater is challenging, especially in areas with diverse land uses and receiving multiple inputs. In this study, principal component analysis (PCA) was combined with geographic information system (GIS) to explore the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater quality and to identify the sources of pollution and main factors governing the quality of groundwater in a multiple land-use area in southwestern China. Groundwater samples collected from 26 wells in 2012 and 38 wells in 2018 were analyzed for 13 water quality parameters. The PCA results showed that the hydro-geochemical process was the predominant factor determining groundwater quality, followed by agricultural activities, domestic sewage discharges, and industrial sewage discharges. Agriculture expansion from 2012 to 2018 resulted in increased apportionment of agricultural pollution. In contrast, economic restructure and infrastructure improvement reduced the contributions of domestic sewage and industrial pollution. Anthropogenic activities were found the major causes of elevated nitrogen concentrations (NO3?, NO2?, NH4+) in groundwater, highlighting the necessity of controlling N sources through effective fertilizer managements in agricultural areas and reducing sewage discharges in urban areas. The applications of GIS and PCA successfully identified the sources of pollutants and major factors driving the variations of groundwater quality in tested years.
机译:地下水中不同污染源的识别是具有挑战性的,特别是在不同土地使用和接收多次投入的地区。在这项研究中,主成分分析(PCA)与地理信息系统(GIS)相结合,探讨了地下水质量的空间和时间变化,并确定了多种土地使用中地下水质量的污染源和主要因素。中国西南部地区。分析了2012年2012年26个井收集的地下水样本和2018年的38个井进行了13个水质参数。 PCA结果表明,水力地球化学过程是确定地下水质量的主要因素,其次是农业活动,国内污水排放和工业污水排放。 2012年至2018年的农业扩张导致农业污染分摊增加。相比之下,经济重组和基础设施改善减少了国内污水和工业污染的贡献。在地下水中发现氮浓度(NO3?,NO2?,NH4 +)的主要原因,突出了通过农业区域的有效肥料管理控制N来源的必要性,减少城市地区的污水排放。 GIS和PCA的应用成功地确定了污染物的来源和推动测试年度地下水质量变化的主要因素。

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