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How genes causing unfit hybrids evolve within populations: a review of models of postzygotic isolation [Review]

机译:导致不良杂种的基因如何在种群中进化:合子后分离模型的综述[综述]

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摘要

The main subject for models of postzygotic isolation has been how reproductive isolation genes (RI genes) which cause hybrid inviability or sterility spread within populations despite their deleterious effects. The models are divided into three categories according to the within-population effect of RI genes in their fixation process. (1) The beneficial effect model, where RI genes are assumed to spread within populations by a positive selective force via natural or sexual selection. (2) The neutral effect model, where RI genes are assumed not to affect the fitness of individuals in their fixation process and to be spread by genetic drift. (3) The deleterious effect model, where RI genes are assumed to exhibit some (slightly) deleterious effects in their fixation process and to be spread by genetic drift. Factors that affect the applicability of these models are discussed. If a selective force such as sexual conflict or natural selection facilitates the evolution of RI genes, the beneficial effect model should be applied. Many empirical studies have suggested that positive selection plays an important role in the evolution of hybrid male sterility. If the mutation rates of 91 genes are low, and the specificity of epistatic interaction causing hybrid inviability or sterility is high, the neutral effect model,should be applied. However, if the opposite condition applies, the deleterious effect model should be applied.
机译:后合子分离模型的主要主题是尽管有有害影响,但引起杂种不育或不育的生殖分离基因(RI基因)如何在种群内传播。根据RI基因在固定过程中的内部种群效应,将模型分为三类。 (1)有益效应模型,其中假定RI基因通过自然选择或性选择通过正选择力在人群中传播。 (2)中性效应模型,其中假定RI基因在固定过程中不影响个体的适应性,并通过遗传漂移进行传播。 (3)有害作用模型,其中RI基因被认为在其固定过程中表现出一些(轻微)有害作用,并通过遗传漂移传播。讨论了影响这些模型适用性的因素。如果诸如性冲突或自然选择之类的选择性力量促进了RI基因的进化,则应采用有益效应模型。许多经验研究表明,积极选择在杂交雄性不育的进化中起着重要作用。如果91个基因的突变率低,并且引起杂种无性或不育的上位性相互作用的特异性高,则应采用中性效应模型。但是,如果适用相反的条件,则应使用有害效应模型。

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