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  • 期刊名称：

    Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on

  • 中文名称： 智能交通系统，IEEE事务
  • 刊频：
  • ISSN： 1524-9050
  • 出版社： -
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共298条结果
  • 1.

    【24hr】Joint Fuzzy Relays and Network-Coding-Based Forwarding for Multihop Broadcasting in VANETs

    包量

    机译 联合模糊中继和基于网络编码的VANET多跳广播转发
    摘要：In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), due to the limited radio propagation range of wireless devices, many safety applications require a multihop broadcast protocol to disseminate traffic warning information. However, providing an efficient multi-hop forwarding of broadcast messages has been a challenging problem due to vehicle movement, limited wireless resources, and unstable signal strength. In this paper we propose a broadcast protocol that can provide a low message overhead and a high packet dissemination ratio. The proposed scheme uses a fuzzy logic algorithm to choose the next hop relay nodes and uses network coding to improve the packet dissemination ratio without increasing the message overhead. By using the fuzzy logic algorithm, the protocol can choose the best relay node by taking intervehicle distance, vehicle velocity, and link quality into account. Network coding is used to improve the packet reception ratio by utilizing the broadcast nature of wireless channels. We show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme by using both theoretical analysis and computer simulations.
  • 2.

    【24hr】Minimizing the Disruption of Traffic Flow of Automated Vehicles During Lane Changes

    包量

    机译 最小化变道期间自动车辆交通流的干扰
    摘要：Vehicles that are becoming more highly automated are revolutionizing the world's transportation systems for their promise of increased safety and efficiency. The advantage of vehicles incorporating automation is that they do not suffer from the same limitations as human drivers, such as being distracted or impaired. In order to realize the potential of these vehicles, which operate in highly dynamic environments, online techniques are needed. This paper presents such an algorithm to minimize the disruption of traffic flow by optimizing for the number of safe lane changes, thereby increasing throughput and reducing congestion. The proposed algorithm is distributed in nature and makes use of vehicle-to-vehicle and/or vehicle-to-infrastructure communication technologies to judiciously make local lane-change decisions while guaranteeing that no collisions will occur. In contrast to existing work, the proposed technique requires no assumption on the number of lanes, nor on the dynamic attributes of the vehicles such as velocity and acceleration. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is both efficient and effective in maximizing the number of lane changes on a given stretch of a highway.
  • 3.

    【24hr】Modeling Social Influence on Activity-Travel Behaviors Using Artificial Transportation Systems

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    机译 使用人工运输系统模拟社会对活动-出行行为的影响
    摘要：A deep understanding of people's activity-travel behaviors is critical and essential for effective travel demand forecasting and management. Although it is acknowledged that social interactions play an important role in people's decision-making behaviors, our understanding of how they shape and impact activity-travel behaviors of people is still limited. Therefore, for the first time, this paper introduces social learning into artificial transportation systems (ATSs) to model their influence on activity-travel behaviors. Based on a specified ATS, three types of universal social interactions (i.e., imitation, conformity, and experience sharing on social networks) are modeled and studied. The results indicate that our models can make artificial agents learn to decide the best behavior, form habitual choices, and emerge fashion gradually.
  • 4.

    【24hr】Wireless Sensor Networks for Condition Monitoring in the Railway Industry: A Survey

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    机译 用于铁路行业状态监测的无线传感器网络：一项调查
    摘要：In recent years, the range of sensing technologies has expanded rapidly, whereas sensor devices have become cheaper. This has led to a rapid expansion in condition monitoring of systems, structures, vehicles, and machinery using sensors. Key factors are the recent advances in networking technologies such as wireless communication and mobile networking coupled with the technology to integrate devices. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be used for monitoring the railway infrastructure such as bridges, rail tracks, track beds, and track equipment along with vehicle health monitoring such as chassis, bogies, wheels, and wagons. Condition monitoring reduces human inspection requirements through automated monitoring, reduces maintenance through detecting faults before they escalate, and improves safety and reliability. This is vital for the development, upgrading, and expansion of railway networks. This paper surveys these wireless sensors network technology for monitoring in the railway industry for analyzing systems, structures, vehicles, and machinery. This paper focuses on practical engineering solutions, principally, which sensor devices are used and what they are used for; and the identification of sensor configurations and network topologies. It identifies their respective motivations and distinguishes their advantages and disadvantages in a comparative review.
  • 5.

    【24hr】Predictive and Multirate Sensor-Based Planning Under Uncertainty

    包量

    机译 不确定性下基于预测和多速率传感器的计划
    摘要：In this paper, a general formulation of a predictive and multirate (MR) reactive planning method for intelligent vehicles (IVs) is introduced. The method handles path planning and trajectory planning for IVs in dynamic environments with uncertainty, in which the kinodynamic vehicle constraints are also taken into account. It is based on the potential field projection method (PFP), which combines the classical potential field (PF) method with the MR Kalman filter estimation. PFP takes into account the future object trajectories and their associated uncertainties, which makes it different from other look-ahead approaches. Here, a new PF is included in the Lagrange–Euler formulation in a natural way, accounting for the vehicle dynamics. The resulting accelerations are translated into control inputs that are considered in the estimation process. This leads to the generation of a local trajectory in real time (RT) that fully meets the constraints imposed by the kinematic and dynamic models of the IV. The properties of the method are demonstrated by simulation with MATLAB and C++ applications. Very good performance and execution times are achieved, even in challenging situations. In a scenario with 100 obstacles, a local trajectory is obtained in less than 1 s, which is suitable for RT applications.
  • 6.

    【24hr】Reducing Interferences in VANETs

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    机译 减少VANET中的干扰
    摘要：Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are networks that are created on the fly () between various mobile nodes and do not require infrastructure. The mobile nodes can move around, and the network would automatically reconfigure itself to allow connectivity. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a subclass of MANETs that is expected to have a key role in the intelligent transportation systems of the future. VANETs provide vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communication in order to support safety and comfort applications. Despite being a subclass of MANETs, VANETs have fundamentally different behavior. This paper presents a scheme consisting of a media access control protocol and a clustering algorithm designed to reduce interferences in VANETs. Our scheme, which is intended for safety applications in highway environments, employs dynamic multihop clustering, allows better utilization of network resources, and improves network performance.
  • 7.

    【24hr】Secure and Privacy-Preserving Smartphone-Based Traffic Information Systems

    包量

    机译 基于智能手机的安全和隐私保护交通信息系统
    摘要：Increasing smartphone penetration, combined with the wide coverage of cellular infrastructures, renders smartphone-based traffic information systems (TISs) an attractive option. The main purpose of such systems is to alleviate traffic congestion that exists in every major city. Nevertheless, to reap the benefits of smartphone-based TISs, we need to ensure their security and privacy and their effectiveness (e.g., accuracy). This is the motivation of this paper: We leverage state-of-the-art cryptographic schemes and readily available telecommunication infrastructure. We present a comprehensive solution for smartphone-based traffic estimation that is proven to be secure and privacy preserving. We provide a full-blown implementation on actual smartphones, along with an extensive assessment of its accuracy and efficiency. Our results confirm that smartphone-based TISs can offer accurate traffic state estimation while being secure and privacy preserving.
  • 8.

    【24hr】TraPlan: An Effective Three-in-One Trajectory-Prediction Model in Transportation Networks

    包量

    机译 TraPlan：交通网络中有效的三合一轨迹预测模型
    摘要：The existing approaches for trajectory prediction (TP) are primarily concerned with discovering frequent trajectory patterns (FTPs) from historical movement data. Moreover, most of these approaches work by using a linear TP model to depict the positions of objects, which does not lend itself to the complexities of most real-world applications. In this research, we propose a three-in-one TP model in road-constrained transportation networks called TraPlan. TraPlan contains three essential techniques: 1) constrained network R-tree (CNR-tree), which is a two-tiered dynamic index structure of moving objects based on transportation networks; 2) a region-of-interest (RoI) discovery algorithm is employed to partition a large number of trajectory points into distinct clusters; and 3) a FTP-tree-based TP approach, called FTP-mining, is proposed to discover FTPs to infer future locations of objects moving within RoIs. In order to evaluate the results of the proposed CNR-tree index structure, we conducted experiments on synthetically generated data sets taken from real-world transportation networks. The results show that the CNR-tree can reduce the time cost of index maintenance by an average gap of about 40% when compared with the traditional NDTR-tree, as well as reduce the time cost of trajectory queries. Moreover, compared with fixed network R-Tree (FNR-trees), the accuracy of range queries has shown an on average improvement of about 32%. Furthermore, the experimental results show that the TraPlan demonstrates accurate and efficient prediction of possible motion curves of objects in distinct trajectory data sets by over 80% on average. Finally, we evaluate these results and the performance of the TraPlan model in regard to TP by comparing it with other TP algorithms.
  • 9.

    【24hr】Video-Based Dynamic Stagger Measurement of Railway Overhead Power Lines Using Rotation-Invariant Feature Matching

    包量

    机译 基于视频的旋转不变特征匹配的铁路架空电力线动态交错测量
    摘要：In this paper we propose an effective method of assessing the reliability of railway overhead power lines by measuring the dynamic stagger of contact wires based on a video monitoring technique. Previously developed video monitoring methods may produce severe errors when applied to tilting trains due to changes in position and orientation of the pantograph. In particular, we propose to employ feature-based image matching techniques that are invariant to rotation and robust to changes in camera viewpoint. A pantograph tilting model is first developed from the video data acquired from an actual train based on the motion dynamics of the stagger behavior on moving train platform. We then evaluate the proposed method by comparing it with the conventional template matching in terms of tracking error. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method shows superior performance in all train traveling sequences, particularly over the pantograph tilting train motion segment.
  • 10.

    【24hr】Sustainable Transportation Management System for a Fleet of Electric Vehicles

    包量

    机译 电动汽车的可持续运输管理系统
    摘要：In the last few years, significant efforts have been devoted to developing intelligent and sustainable transportation to address pollution problems and fuel shortages. Transportation agencies in various countries, along with several standardization organizations, have proposed different types of energy sources (such as hydrogen, biodiesel, electric, and hybrid technologies) as alternatives to fossil fuel to achieve a more ecofriendly and sustainable environment. However, to achieve this goal, there are significant challenges that still need to be addressed. We present a survey on sustainable transportation systems that aim to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. We describe the architectural components of a future sustainable means of transportation, and we review current solutions, projects, and standardization efforts related to green transportation with particular focus on electric vehicles. We also highlight the main issues that still need to be addressed to achieve a green transportation management system. To address these issues, we present an integrated architecture for sustainable transportation management systems.
  • 11.

    【24hr】Comments on “Model-Independent Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Output Tracking Control of 4WS4WD Road Vehicles”

    包量

    机译 关于“ 4WS4WD道路车辆的与模型无关的自适应容错输出跟踪控制”的评论
    摘要：The commented paper “Model-Independent Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Output Tracking Control of 4WS4WD Road Vehicles” (IEEE , vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 169–179, Mar. 2013) has multiple errors in its mathematical model. Because these errors, if left uncorrected, are a potential source of future errors in the emerging area of four-wheel steering four-wheel drive vehicles, this paper provides detailed discussions and corrections.
  • 12.

    【24hr】Calibration of Nonoverlapping In-Vehicle Cameras With Laser Pointers

    包量

    机译 使用激光笔校准不重叠的车载摄像机
    • 作者：Zou Wuhe;Li Shigang;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2015年第3期
    摘要：This paper introduces a new approach to calibrating inward- and outward-facing in-vehicle cameras using a laser pointer. Since inward cameras, which observe the driver's behavior, and outward cameras, which observe the driver's field of view, do not have overlapping views, the conventional calibration methods for stereo cameras cannot be applied directly. A method is presented in which the two cameras can be connected by a laser emitted from a laser pointer. The laser pointer is mounted on a calibration board so that the laser ray's pose within the calibration board's coordinate system can be calculated. Two algorithms are presented based on this idea: the coplanar method and the collinear method. We compare the performance of the two proposed algorithms with the conventional mirror-based method through simulations and experiments. Finally, the laser-based collinear method is applied to the calibration of an in-vehicle camera system. In contrast to other methods, the proposed method is simple, practical, and particularly well suited to the calibration of nonoverlapping in-vehicle cameras in a factory or a garage.
  • 13.

    【24hr】An Improved Exact src='/images/tex/18639.gif' alt='varepsilon '> -Constraint and Cut-and-Solve Combined Method for Biobjective Robust Lane Reservation

    包量

    机译 改进的精确 src =“ / images / tex / 18639.gif” alt =“ varepsilon”> -约束和割切组合方法用于双目标鲁棒车道保留
    摘要：This study investigates a new biobjective lane- reservation problem, which is to exclusively reserve lanes from an existing transportation network for special transport tasks with given deadlines. The objectives are to minimize the total negative impact on normal traffic due to the reduction of available lanes for general-purpose vehicles and to maximize the robustness of the lane-reservation solution against the uncertainty in link travel times. We first define the robustness for the lane- reservation problem and formulate a biobjective mixed-integer linear program. Then, we develop an improved exact -constraint and a cut-and-solve combined method to generate its Pareto front. Computational results for an instance based on a real network topology and 220 randomly generated instances with up to 150 nodes, 600 arcs, and 50 tasks demonstrate that the proposed method is able to find the Pareto front and that the proposed cut-and-solve method is more efficient than the direct use of optimization software CPLEX.
  • 14.

    【24hr】Autonomous Reverse Parking System Based on Robust Path Generation and Improved Sliding Mode Control

    包量

    机译 基于鲁棒路径生成和改进滑模控制的自主倒车停车系统
    摘要：Some commercial vehicle models have been equipped with semiautonomous parking systems to a certain extent. However, gaps to fully automated solutions still exist, and cost considerations further constrain their acceptance among consumers. This paper proposes a low-cost vision-based approach to a fully self-reverse parking system. It consists of four key modules: a novel path-planning module ensures that a feasible path is available under any initial poses, which frees human intervention completely; a modified sliding mode controller on the steering wheel is designed for path following; image processing with Kalman state prediction provides consistent and real-time estimation on the vehicle pose; and a robust overall control scheme ensures that the vehicle can accurately park along the slot center line without intrusion into adjacent slots. Experimental results based on 216 on-field tests under different illumination conditions showed that the proposed system was able to accurately and consistently park the vehicle in all cases with a 4.71-cm RMS offset distance from the center line and a 1.24 RMS orientation deviation. With its easy setup and excellent performance, this system can be practically and robustly implemented to existing vehicles with minimal additional cost.
  • 15.

    【24hr】Appraisal and Evaluation of Interurban ITS: A European Survey

    包量

    机译 城际ITS的评估和评估：欧洲调查
    摘要：Intelligent transport systems (ITS) have at their core technological systems that work together to improve transportation performance. However, this performance becomes uncertain when the technologies themselves are scrutinized alongside the benefit they deliver. This paper reviews the background theory, issues, and gaps concerning the assessment of performance for ITS, as well as a review of frameworks proposed by various authors in the field. This paper provides an original contribution through 1) identifying twelve evaluation framework requirements, 2) proposing corresponding solutions to business, and 3) the introduction of four key performance areas for ITS. The key requirements of ITS from the literature include improved geographical focus, reducing conflicting stakeholder involvement, and consolidating elements of ITS that are currently calculated in isolation. Current indicators are biased toward economic benefit. The definition of four key performance areas are Adaptability, Sustainability, Standardization, and Data Management. To conclude, the introduction of technology requires a paradigm shift, in terms of reorganization and realignment of the scope of conventional transport system evaluation. This is needed, in order to maintain accuracy and more fully capture performance aspects when appraising ITS.
  • 16.

    【24hr】A Vehicle-Intersection Coordination Scheme for Smooth Flows of Traffic Without Using Traffic Lights

    包量

    机译 不使用交通信号灯的交通顺畅的车辆交叉口协调方案
    摘要：This paper presents a coordination scheme of automated vehicles at an intersection without using any traffic lights. Using a two-way communication network, vehicles approaching the intersection from all sections are globally coordinated, by considering their states all together in a model predictive control framework, in order to achieve smooth traffic flows at the intersection. The optimal trajectories of the vehicles are computed based on avoidance of their cross-collision risks around the intersection under relevant constraints and preferences. The scheme efficiently utilizes the intersection area by preventing each pair of conflicting vehicles from approaching their cross-collision point at the same time, instead of reserving the whole intersection area for the conflicting vehicles one after another. The scheme also enables left- or right-turning movements of vehicles under constrained velocity without using any auxiliary lanes. The proposed vehicle-intersection coordination scheme is evaluated through numerical simulation in a typical test intersection consisting of both multilanes and single-lane approaches with turning movements of vehicles. Observations under different traffic flow conditions reveal that the proposed scheme significantly improves intersection performance compared with the traditional signalized intersection scheme.
  • 17.

    【24hr】A Prototype Integrated Monitoring System for Pavement and Traffic Based on an Embedded Sensing Network

    包量

    机译 基于嵌入式传感网络的路面行车综合监控原型系统
    摘要：In the past half-century, the monitoring systems for traffic or infrastructure have been developed a lot. Because of the interdependency between traffic and infrastructure, significant advantages can be expected if the monitoring system for traffic can be integrated with that for infrastructure. In October 2011, a wireless sensing network (WSN) was installed on Virginia State Route 114. Since then, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, VA, USA) has been developing an integrated monitoring system of pavements and traffic. This paper presents the achievement of this study: a prototype system that can monitor pavement conditions and collect traffic information simultaneously using the same embedded sensing network. In the sensing network, the sensors are ranged in longitudinal and transverse groups, and the compositions, characteristics, and functionalities of the two arrangements are introduced. The two monitoring patterns of the system, i.e., continuous monitoring and periodic testing, are explained, and the data processing methods in the two patterns are illustrated. The whole system is presented combining hardware and software, and a flowchart is used to clarify its component and function modules. This system has the potential to achieve comprehensive monitoring functions for both traffic and infrastructure based on the embedded sensing network. This system is still under study, and needs to be consummated with various loading and environmental conditions taken into consideration. Once finished, this system will be valuable for the Intelligent Transportation System in the future.
  • 18.

    【24hr】A Note on “Model-Independent Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Output Tracking Control of 4WS4WD Road Vehicles”

    包量

    机译 关于“ 4WS4WD道路车辆的与模型无关的自适应容错输出跟踪控制”的注释
    摘要：Singh and Potluri suggest that they have spotted three “errors” in the dynamic model presented in our paper. Upon carefully examining the model in our paper and the claims made by Singh and Potluri, we believe that no such errors exist in the model of the paper. The detail explanation is provided.
  • 19.

    【24hr】Multispectral Stereo Odometry

    包量

    机译 多光谱立体里程表
    摘要：In this paper, we investigate the problem of visual odometry for ground vehicles based on the simultaneous utilization of multispectral cameras. It encompasses a stereo rig composed of an optical (visible) and thermal sensors. The novelty resides in the localization of the cameras as a stereo setup rather than two monocular cameras of different spectrums. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such task is attempted. Log-Gabor wavelets at different orientations and scales are used to extract interest points from both images. These are then described using a combination of frequency and spatial information within the local neighborhood. Matches between the pairs of multimodal images are computed using the cosine similarity function based on the descriptors. Pyramidal Lucas–Kanade tracker is also introduced to tackle temporal feature matching within challenging sequences of the data sets. The vehicle egomotion is computed from the triangulated 3-D points corresponding to the matched features. A windowed version of bundle adjustment incorporating Gauss–Newton optimization is utilized for motion estimation. An outlier removal scheme is also included within the framework to deal with outliers. Multispectral data sets were generated and used as test bed. They correspond to real outdoor scenarios captured using our multimodal setup. Finally, detailed results validating the proposed strategy are illustrated.
  • 20.

    【24hr】On Closed-Loop Bicycle Availability Prediction

    包量

    机译 闭环自行车可用性预测
    摘要：We study the effect of customer choices in bicycle-sharing systems based on bicycle availability predictions. We show that such systems may lead to flapping behavior between bicycle stations. The consequences of flapping instability include poor user experience and suboptimal usage of the available bicycle stock. We propose a simple assignment strategy aimed at eliminating flapping and balancing demand at each station based on actual availability.
  • 21.

    【24hr】Passenger Segmentation Using Smart Card Data

    包量

    机译 使用智能卡数据进行旅客细分
    摘要：Transit passenger market segmentation enables transit operators to target different classes of transit users for targeted surveys and various operational and strategic planning improvements. However, the existing market segmentation studies in the literature have been generally done using passenger surveys, which have various limitations. The smart card (SC) data from an automated fare collection system facilitate the understanding of the multiday travel pattern of transit passengers and can be used to segment them into identifiable types of similar behaviors and needs. This paper proposes a comprehensive methodology for passenger segmentation solely using SC data. After reconstructing the travel itineraries from SC transactions, this paper adopts the density-based spatial clustering of application with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm to mine the travel pattern of each SC user. An market segmentation approach then segments transit passengers into four identifiable types. The methodology proposed in this paper assists transit operators to understand their passengers and provides them oriented information and services.
  • 22.

    【24hr】ExTraCT: Expediting Offloading Transfers Through Intervehicle Communication Transmissions

    包量

    机译 执行：通过车辆间通信传输加快卸载传输
    摘要：Vehicular connectivity is considered as one of the most highly anticipated emerging technologies since it promises to transform the automotive sector and have a significant impact on all related markets. Data gathered (and information generated) within and around vehicles will be used to improve road safety, travelling efficiency, and passenger comfort and convenience. However, delivering such data to the infrastructure (to process information and generate intelligence) is a challenging task, mainly due to the very large volume of data traffic produced. A promising approach to support these communication needs is to deliver data traffic opportunistically through the available WiFi APs. Evidently, the intermittent connectivity of these hotspots and the inherent mobility of the vehicles severely limit the volume of traffic sent at any one instance in time. The latter limitation is studied in this paper, where decision policies are derived for vehicle-to-vehicle-assisted offloading to maximize the transmission opportunities and thus expedite data traffic delivery. As illustrated in this paper, these policies are easy to implement in practice and offer significant improvement in vehicular data traffic offloading as compared with opportunistic offloading and basic relaying practices.
  • 23.

    【24hr】Fast Online Computation of a Model Predictive Controller and Its Application to Fuel Economy–Oriented Adaptive Cruise Control

    包量

    机译 模型预测控制器的快速在线计算及其在面向燃油经济性的自适应巡航控制中的应用
    摘要：The recent progress of advanced vehicle control systems presents a great opportunity for the application of model predictive control (MPC) in the automotive industry. However, high computational complexity inherently associated with the receding horizon optimization must be addressed to achieve real-time implementation. This paper presents a generic scale reduction framework to reduce the online computational burden of MPC controllers. A lower dimensional MPC algorithm is formulated by combining an existing “move blocking ” strategy with a “constraint-set compression” strategy, which is proposed to further reduce the problem scale by partially relaxing inequality constraints in the prediction horizon. The closed-loop stability is guaranteed by adding terminal zero-state constraint. The tradeoff between control optimality and computational intensity is achieved by proper design of the blocking and compression matrices. The fast algorithm has been applied on intelligent vehicular longitudinal automation, implemented as a fuel economy-oriented adaptive cruise controller and experimentally evaluated by a series of real-time simulations and field tests. These results indicate that the proposed method significantly improves the computational speed while maintaining satisfactory control optimality without sacrificing the desired performance.
  • 24.

    【24hr】How the Autonomic Nervous System and Driving Style Change With Incremental Stressing Conditions During Simulated Driving

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    机译 在模拟驾驶过程中，自主神经系统和驾驶方式如何随着压力增加而变化
    摘要：This paper reports on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) changes and driving style modifications as a response to incremental stressing level stimulation during simulated driving. Fifteen subjects performed a driving simulation experiment consisting of three driving sessions. Starting from a first session where participants performed a steady motorway driving, the experimental protocol includes two additional driving sessions with incremental stress load. More specifically, the first stressing load consists of randomly administering mechanical stimuli to the vehicle during a steady motorway driving by means of a series of sudden and unexpected skids, such as those produced by a strong wind gust. These skids were supposed to produce in the driver a given level of stress. In order to assess this mental workload, dedicated psychological tests were performed. The second stressing load implied an incremental psychological load, consisting of a battery of time pressing arithmetical questions, added to the mechanical stimuli. For the whole experimental session, the driver's physiological signals and the vehicle's mechanical parameters were recorded and analyzed. In this paper, the ANS changes were investigated in terms of heart rate variability, respiration activity, and electrodermal response along with mechanical information such as that coming from steering wheel angle corrections, velocity changes, and time responses. Results are satisfactory and promising. In particular, significant statistical differences were found among the three driving sessions with an increasing stress level both in ANS responses and mechanical parameter changes. In addition, a good recognition of these sessions was carried out by pattern classification algorithms achieving an accuracy greater than 90%.
  • 25.

    【24hr】Lateral Vehicle State and Environment Estimation Using Temporally Previewed Mapped Lane Features

    包量

    机译 使用临时预览的映射车道特征进行横向车辆状态和环境估计
    摘要：This paper proposes a model-based method to estimate lateral planar vehicle states using a forward-looking monocular camera, a yaw rate gyroscope, and an map of road superelevation and temporally previewed lane geometry. Theoretical estimator performance from a steady-state Kalman-filter implementation of the estimation framework is calculated for various look-ahead distances and vehicle speeds. The application of this filter structure to real driving data is also explored, along with error characteristics of the filter on straight and curved roads, with both superelevated and flat profiles. The effect of superelevation on estimator performance is found to be significant. Experimental and theoretical analysis both show that the benefits of state estimation using previewed lane geometry improve with increasing lane preview, but this improvement diminishes due to increased lane tracking errors at distances beyond 20 m ahead of the vehicle.
  • 26.

    【24hr】Mobile Standards-Based Traffic Light Detection in Assistive Devices for Individuals with Color-Vision Deficiency

    包量

    机译 辅助设备中基于移动标准的交通灯检测，用于有色觉缺陷的个人
    摘要：Considering the substantial population affected by some form of color-vision deficiency (CVD), reliable traffic control signal head light detection is an important problem for driver-assistance systems. While a large number of technologies can be used to localize traffic lights, without drastic changes in infrastructure, only visual information can be used in identifying the status of the light. In addition, traffic light detection is not currently integrated into any driver-assistance systems, making driving for individuals with CVD (where permitted) dangerous to other drivers, pedestrians, and themselves. This paper presents a robust, traffic-standards-based, and computationally efficient method for detecting the status of the traffic lights without relying on Global Positioning System, lidar, radar information, or prior (map-based) knowledge. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first work to use official Institute of Transportation Engineers (U.S.) and British Standards Institute (European Union) standards for defining traffic light colors, as well as integrating a number of fail-safe mechanisms designed to prevent erroneous detection. The algorithm can be easily ported over to an embedded smart camera platform and used as a windshield-mounted driver-assistance device by individuals with CVD. The system can accurately identify the status of the light at 400 ft away from the intersection, reliably detecting solid, faulty, arrow, and high-visibility signal lights. Over 50 h of video (over 2000 intersections) were tested with the system, containing intersections with one to four traffic lights, governing different lanes of traffic, with 97.5% accuracy of solid light detection.
  • 27.

    【24hr】Multiplatooning Leaders Positioning and Cooperative Behavior Algorithms of Communicant Automated Vehicles for High Traffic Capacity

    包量

    机译 高交通容量的自动驾驶车辆多排领导者定位和合作行为算法
    摘要：Multiplatooning leaders positioning and cooperative behavior strategies are proposed in this paper, to improve the efficiency of a traffic system of communicant automated vehicles evolving on dedicated lanes. Novel algorithms to ensure high traffic capacity are presented and MATLAB/Simulink-based simulation results are reported. In previous research work, we proposed new algorithms to mitigate communication delays effects on platoon string stability using anticipatory information. In this paper we consider constant spacing between platoons' leaders as a fundamental condition to attain high traffic capacity. New algorithms to maintain interplatoon leaders' constant spacing are proposed, as well as novel algorithms allowing vehicles to enter the main track cooperatively. Furthermore, a new set of algorithms to improve safety is also presented. A novel agent-based architecture was developed, in which each vehicle consists of two distinct modules, a leader and a follower. Based on MATLAB/Simulink simulations of several scenarios, the new algorithms are assessed and the simulation results presented, confirming that the proposed algorithms ensure high traffic capacity and vehicle density and avoid traffic congestion. These features were validated through simulations performed on the Simulation for Urban Mobility simulation platform, using a new car-following model implementation [10]. The results proved that the proposed algorithms enable a clear benefit of a platooning system, when compared with bus- and light-rail-based transit systems.
  • 28.

    【24hr】Potential of Intelligent Transportation Systems in Mitigating Adverse Weather Impacts on Road Mobility: A Review

    包量

    机译 智能交通系统在缓解恶劣天气对道路交通的影响方面的潜力：综述
    摘要：Adverse weather conditions for roads, which cause transportation systems to perform far below capacity, can severely affect society's economic output. As elimination of road weather events is not possible, transportation agencies perform proactive and reactive maintenance activities to minimize adverse impacts to keep roadways in optimum condition. While reactive maintenance activities are conducted to clear roadways after the occurrence of extreme weather events, proactive activities minimize these impacts beforehand. The success of proactive activities solely depends on the availability of accurate road weather information, however. Traditional road weather forecasting techniques rely on governmental weather services, which are not appropriate to predict route-specific road weather conditions. In this paper, the authors reviewed current intelligent transportation systems (ITS)-based solutions for minimizing road weather impacts and possible ITS innovations to incorporate diverse data sources to improve road weather management activities. ITS-based initiatives, such as road weather information system (RWIS), allow transportation agencies obtain accurate road weather assessments. Location-specific infrastructures such as RWIS are cost prohibitive for system-wide deployments. Connected vehicles equipped with weather sensors could enhance mobile road weather data collection. This strategy could improve proactive maintenance programs and reduce adverse effects of weather to the surface transportation system.
  • 29.

    【24hr】Real-Time Estimation of Lane-to-Lane Turning Flows at Isolated Signalized Junctions

    包量

    机译 隔离信号交叉口处车道到车道转向流的实时估计
    摘要：In this paper, we develop rule- and model-based approaches for the real-time estimation of lane-to-lane turning flows. Our aim is to determine the turning proportions of vehicles based on detector information at isolated signalized junctions and thereby establish effective control strategies for adaptive traffic control systems. The key concept involves identifying the entrance lane of a vehicle detected in an exit lane at the signalized junction. Lane-to-lane turning flows are estimated by tracing the corresponding entrance lanes of the vehicle based on the detector and signal information from the set of potential entrance lanes at the junction. In the rule-based approach, the entrance lane of a vehicle detected in an exit lane is identified according to a set of specified rules. The model-based approach, which is based on utility maximization, is used to identify the most probable turns in a set of potential upstream entrance lanes. Both computer simulations and real-world traffic data show that the model-based approach outperforms the rule-based approach, particularly when turning on red is allowed, and is capable of accurate estimation under a wide range of traffic conditions in real time. However, the rule-based approach is simpler and does not require calibration, which are positive assets when no prior data are available for calibration.
  • 30.

    【24hr】Recognizing Text-Based Traffic Signs

    包量

    机译 识别基于文本的交通标志
    摘要：We propose a novel system for the automatic detection and recognition of text in traffic signs. Scene structure is used to define search regions within the image, in which traffic sign candidates are then found. Maximally stable extremal regions (MSERs) and hue, saturation, and value color thresholding are used to locate a large number of candidates, which are then reduced by applying constraints based on temporal and structural information. A recognition stage interprets the text contained within detected candidate regions. Individual text characters are detected as MSERs and are grouped into lines, before being interpreted using optical character recognition (OCR). Recognition accuracy is vastly improved through the temporal fusion of text results across consecutive frames. The method is comparatively evaluated and achieves an overall of 0.87.
  • 31.

    【24hr】Robust Wheel Torque Control for Traction/Braking Force Tracking Under Combined Longitudinal and Lateral Motion

    包量

    机译 纵向和横向联合运动的鲁棒车轮转矩控制，用于牵引/制动力跟踪
    • 作者：Hsiao Tesheng;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2015年第3期
    摘要：Slip-ratio-based methods are commonly used to control the wheel torque such that the wheel dynamics is stabilized and the desired traction/braking force is attained; however, slip-ratio-based controllers are incompetent for precise longitudinal tire force tracking due to nonparametric tire model uncertainties. Force tracking performance further deteriorates whenever the tire is under combined longitudinal and lateral motion. In this paper, we propose an observer-based tire force control scheme that guarantees to achieve the desired longitudinal tire force accurately and robustly with respect to tire model uncertainties, changes in road conditions, and simultaneous lateral motion. Convergence of the force estimation and tracking errors is rigorously proved by the Lyapunov method. Then, simulations are conducted to verify the robust and accurate performance in longitudinal tire force estimation and tracking under a series of severe driving conditions.
  • 32.

    【24hr】Spatiotemporal Analysis of Bluetooth Data: Application to a Large Urban Network

    包量

    机译 蓝牙数据的时空分析：在大型城市网络中的应用
    摘要：The emergence of new technologies allows better monitoring of traffic conditions and understanding of urban network dynamics. Bluetooth technology is becoming widespread, as it represents a cost-effective means for capturing road traffic in both arterials and motorways. Although the extraction of travel time from Bluetooth data is fairly straightforward, data reliability and processing is still challenging with the issues of penetration rate, mode discrimination, and detection quality. This paper presents a methodological contribution to the use of Bluetooth data for the spatiotemporal analysis of a large urban network (Brisbane, Australia). It introduces the concept of the Bluetooth origin–destination (B-OD) matrix, which is built from a network of 79 Bluetooth detectors located within the Brisbane urban area. The B-OD matrix describes the dynamics of a subpopulation of vehicles, between pairs of detectors. The results show that the characteristics of urban networks can be effectively represented through B-OD matrices. A comparison with loop detector data enables an assessment of the results' significance. Then, the spatiotemporal structure of the network is analyzed with two different clustering analyses, namely, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and -means. While LDA is used to detect a temporal pattern, the -means algorithm highlights Bluetooth fundamental diagram (BFD) classes. The results show that Bluetooth data has the potential to be a reliable data source for traffic monitoring. By highlighting hidden structures of a large area, the algorithm outputs allow us to provide the road operators with a fine spatiotemporal analysis of their network, in terms of traffic conditions.
  • 33.

    【24hr】TripPlanner: Personalized Trip Planning Leveraging Heterogeneous Crowdsourced Digital Footprints

    包量

    机译 TripPlanner：利用异构众包数字足迹进行个性化的行程计划
    摘要：Planning an itinerary before traveling to a city is one of the most important travel preparation activities. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called , leveraging a combination of location-based social network (i.e., LBSN) and taxi GPS digital footprints to achieve trip planning. First, we construct a dynamic point-of-interest network model by extracting relevant information from crowdsourced LBSN and taxi GPS traces. Then, we propose a for personalized trip planning. In the , works interactively with users to generate candidate routes with . In the , applies heuristic algorithms to add user's iteratively to the candidate routes, with the objective of maximizing the route score while satisfying both the venue visiting time and total travel time constraints. To validate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach, extensive empirical studies were performed on two real-world data sets from the city of San Francisco, which contain more than 391 900 passenger delivery trips generated by 536 taxis in a month and 110 214 check-ins left by 15 680 Foursquare users in six months.
  • 34.

    【24hr】Optimization of Metro Train Schedules With a Dwell Time Model Using the Lagrangian Duality Theory

    包量

    机译 拉格朗日对偶理论的停留时间模型优化地铁列车时刻表
    摘要：This paper proposes an optimization method of train scheduling for metro lines with a train dwell time model according to passenger demand. An optimization problem of train scheduling is established with constraints of a headway equation, passenger equation, and train dwell time equation, where the train dwell time is modeled as a function of boarding and alighting passenger volumes. The aim of the optimization problem is to minimize the waiting time of passengers and train operation cost. Lagrangian duality theory is adopted to solve this optimization problem with high dimensionality. Finally, simulation results illustrate that this method is efficient to generate the train schedule, which meets the passengers' exchanging requirements between trains and platforms. The contribution of this paper is that a dwell time model is introduced in train schedule optimization, which provides the possibility of reducing the operation cost in the precondition that the exchanging time of passengers between platforms and trains is assured.
  • 35.

    【24hr】On Curve Negotiation: From Driver Support to Automation

    包量

    机译 曲线协商：从驱动程序支持到自动化
    摘要：This paper describes a curve negotiation “behavior” that can be used—within subsumption architectures—to produce artificial agents with the ability to negotiate curves in a humanlike way. This may be used to implement functions spanning different levels of automation, from assistance (curve warning) to automated (curve speed control). This paper gives the following: 1) a summary of related works and of the subsumption architecture conceptual framework; 2) a detailed description of the function within this framework; 3) experimental data for validation and tuning derived from user tests; 4) guidelines on integration of the function within advanced driver assistance systems with different automation levels, with examples; and 5) a comparison with experimental data of the human curve speed choice models in the state of the art.
  • 36.

    【24hr】Near-Infrared-Based Nighttime Pedestrian Detection Using Grouped Part Models

    包量

    机译 使用分组模型的基于近红外的夜间行人检测
    摘要：Pedestrian detection is an important issue in the field of intelligent transportation systems. As a pedestrian is not an apparent object at nighttime, it brings about critical difficulties in effectively detecting a pedestrian for a driving assistant vision system. While using an infrared projector to enhance the illumination contrast, objects in a nighttime environment might reflect the infrared projected by the emitted spotlight. In some cases, however, the clothes on a pedestrian might absorb most of the infrared, thus causing the pedestrian to be partially invisible. To deal with this problem, a nighttime part-based pedestrian detection method is proposed. It divides a pedestrian into parts for a moving vehicle with a camera and a near-infrared lighting projector. Due to a high computation load, selecting effective parts becomes imperative. By analyzing the spatial relationship between every pair of parts, the confidence of the detected parts can be enhanced even when some parts are occluded. At the last stage of this system, the pedestrian detection result is refined by a block-based segmentation method. The system is verified by experiments, and the appealing results are demonstrated.
  • 37.

    【24hr】Intelligent Hybrid Electric Vehicle ACC With Coordinated Control of Tracking Ability, Fuel Economy, and Ride Comfort

    包量

    机译 具有跟踪能力，燃油经济性和行驶舒适性协调控制的智能混合动力电动汽车ACC
    摘要：Adaptive cruise control (ACC) of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) has been traditionally developed without an efficient integration with active safety and energy management systems of hybrid powertrains, mainly for facilitating its implementation. This, however, leads to a compromise in the fuel economy of HEVs, since the predictive driving information provided by ACC is not exploited by the energy management system. In order to enhance the energy efficiency and control system integration, a novel ACC system for intelligent HEVs (i-HEV ACC) is developed in this study. The controller is proposed within the framework of nonlinear model predictive control, and a position-based nonlinear longitudinal intervehicle dynamics model is developed. A coordinated optimal control problem for both the tracking safety and the fuel consumption is formulated subject to the constraints on stable tracking. A multistep offline dynamic programming optimization and an online lookup table are used to implement the real-time control algorithm. Experiments are further conducted, which demonstrate that the proposed i-HEV ACC achieves enhanced performance and cooperation in traffic safety, fuel efficiency, and ride comfort.
  • 38.

    【24hr】Managing Emergency Traffic Evacuation With a Partially Random Destination Allocation Strategy: A Computational-Experiment-Based Optimization Approach

    包量

    机译 使用部分随机的目的地分配策略来管理紧急交通疏散：一种基于计算实验的优化方法
    摘要：Natural or man-made disasters can cause huge losses of human life and property. One of the effective and widely used response and mitigation strategies for these disasters is traffic evacuation. Evacuation destination choice is critical in evacuation traffic planning and management. In this paper, we propose a partially random destination allocation strategy for evacuation management. We present a metamodel-based simulation optimization method to design the strategy. The proposed method uses a quadratic polynomial as a metamodel, within which a degree-free trust region algorithm is developed to solve the proposed model. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated based on a subnetwork of Beijing with two different traffic demands. Computational experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can yield a well-performed strategy, leading to reduced network clearance times.
  • 39.

    【24hr】Multiple Concentric Gating Traffic Control in Large-Scale Urban Networks

    包量

    机译 大型城市网络中的多个同心门控交通控制
    摘要：A new gating strategy for concentric cities based on the notion of the macroscopic or network fundamental diagram and the feedback-based gating concept is introduced and successfully tested. Different regions of large-scale urban networks may experience congestion at different levels and times during the peak period. In this paper, the zone, including the initial core of congestion, is considered as the first region, which has to be protected from congestion via gating; eventually, as the congestion continues to expand, the border of an extended network part becomes the second perimeter for gating control. Remarkable extensions while distributing the ordered controller flow to the gated traffic signals in case of low demand or occurrence of spillback are also considered. A greater part of the San Francisco urban network is used as test-bed within a microscopic simulation environment. Significant improvements in terms of network-wide mean speed and average delay per kilometer are obtained compared to the single perimeter gating and non-gating simulation scenarios.
  • 40.

    【24hr】Monitoring the Speed, Configurations, and Weight of Vehicles Using an In-Situ Wireless Sensing Network

    包量

    机译 使用原位无线传感网络监控车辆的速度，配置和重量
    摘要：The Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University is developing an integrated transportation monitoring system that will be capable of monitoring pavement and traffic simultaneously. As part of the system, a backcalculation method, which is presented in this paper, is used to estimate the speed, weight, and configuration of passing vehicles based on the pavement responses collected by in-situ pavement sensors. This method is still in its preliminary stage but could be very helpful in achieving real-time weigh-in-motion and traffic classification once completed in the future. A Gaussian model is used to describe the distribution of the horizontal strain induced by passing vehicles. The parameters of the Gaussian model are correlated with various loading conditions, including the weight and the configuration parameters of the passing vehicles, as proved by finite-element simulation and experimental measurements. The backcalculation process is efficient and valuable, considering the accuracy of the estimation with a low computational cost. The whole method is simple and straightforward and can be conveniently used in real-time monitoring.
  • 41.

    【24hr】GPS Signal Authentication From Cooperative Peers

    包量

    机译 来自合作伙伴的GPS信号认证
    摘要：Secure reliable position information is indispensable for many transportation systems and services, such as traffic monitoring, fleet management, electronic toll collection, route guidance, vehicle telematics, and emergency response. Unfortunately, civil Global Positioning System (GPS) signals are vulnerable to spoofing attacks. This paper introduces a signal authentication architecture based on a network of cooperative GPS receivers. A receiver in the network correlates its received military P(Y) signal with those received by other receivers (hereinafter referred to as cross-check receivers) to detect spoofing attacks. This paper describes three candidate structures to implement this architecture and evaluates spoofing detection performance through theoretical analyses and field experiments. We show that the spoofing detection performance improves exponentially with increasing number of cross-check receivers. Even if the cross-check receivers are low cost, unreliable, and in challenging environment, cooperative authentication can match, if not outperform, a single high-quality reliable reference receiver in terms of spoofing detection performance.
  • 42.

    【24hr】Frailty Models for the Estimation of Spatiotemporally Maximum Congested Impact Information on Freeway Accidents

    包量

    机译 估算高速公路事故时空最大拥挤影响信息的脆弱模型
    摘要：The objective of this paper is to develop models for the estimation of the temporal and spatial extent of congestion impact caused by accidents. Although there have been various approaches based on the deterministic queuing diagrams and kinematic wave (or shockwave) theory, only a few studies have been able to estimate the spatiotemporal congested region based on field data, such as ubiquitous loop detector data. Accordingly, this paper applies a previously developed procedure to capture the spatiotemporal accident impacts based on binary integer programming (BIP). The procedure provides a foundation for models of the following: 1) maximum spatial distance to the end of the congestion region affected by each accident and 2) maximum time affected by congestion resulting from each accident. Based on these models, the objective of this paper is to estimate two statistical models for providing maximum congested distance and time information due to freeway accidents. Since various observations from BIP were censored with respect to time and space, survival analysis—specifically, frailty models to account for unobserved heterogeneity—is applied to identify factors critical to spatiotemporal congestion impacts of freeway accidents.
  • 43.

    【24hr】Driver Gaze Tracking and Eyes Off the Road Detection System

    包量

    机译 驾驶员视线跟踪和视线偏离道路检测系统
    摘要：Distracted driving is one of the main causes of vehicle collisions in the United States. Passively monitoring a driver's activities constitutes the basis of an automobile safety system that can potentially reduce the number of accidents by estimating the driver's focus of attention. This paper proposes an inexpensive vision-based system to accurately detect Eyes Off the Road (EOR). The system has three main components: 1) robust facial feature tracking; 2) head pose and gaze estimation; and 3) 3-D geometric reasoning to detect EOR. From the video stream of a camera installed on the steering wheel column, our system tracks facial features from the driver's face. Using the tracked landmarks and a 3-D face model, the system computes head pose and gaze direction. The head pose estimation algorithm is robust to nonrigid face deformations due to changes in expressions. Finally, using a 3-D geometric analysis, the system reliably detects EOR.
  • 44.

    【24hr】Evaluation of the Effects of a Personal Mobility Vehicle on Multiple Pedestrians Using Personal Space

    包量

    机译 使用个人空间评估个人机动车辆对多名行人的影响
    摘要：Personal mobility vehicles (PMVs) have increasingly attracted research interest as new individual transportation vehicles that are environmentally friendly, compact, and convenient to use. It is important to ensure the safety and comfort of pedestrians sharing space with PMVs. In this paper, we developed a simulation model considering the interaction between a PMV and pedestrians, and investigated the effects of a PMV in pedestrian flows using the concept of personal space (PS), which is the space in which invasion by others induces a psychological strain. To estimate the mutual effects of a PMV and nearby pedestrians, the invasion ratio and crossing time are introduced as indexes. Furthermore, to ensure pedestrians are comfortable in the presence of a PMV, we proposed an assistance system for a PMV. Simulation results revealed that the invasion of PS increases with increasing pedestrian density. Additionally, experimental results showed that the levels of discomfort and fear that pedestrians felt toward a PMV are also affected by pedestrian density. Finally, the effectiveness of the assistance system was confirmed, particularly for low pedestrian densities.
  • 45.

    【24hr】Development of Efficient Nonlinear Benchmark Bicycle Dynamics for Control Applications

    包量

    机译 开发用于控制应用的高效非线性基准自行车动力学
    摘要：We present a symbolic method for modeling a nonlinear multibody bicycle with holonomic and nonholonomic constraints. The method, developed for robotic multibody dynamics, is applied to a benchmark bicycle, in which all six ground contact constraint equations are eliminated, leaving analytic coupled ordinary differential equations corresponding to the bicycle rear body roll, steer angle, and rear wheel rotation degrees of freedom without any approximation. We have shown that the nonlinear dynamics of the bicycle satisfies an underactuated manipulator equation and demonstrated an analytic method to solve the vehicle pitch angle from a quartic equation. This reduced analytic model offers insights in understanding complex nonlinear bicycle dynamic behaviors and enables the development of an efficient model suitable for real-time control outside of the linear regime.
  • 46.

    【24hr】Optimal Use of Existing Distribution Feeders to Accommodate Transportation Electrification

    包量

    机译 最佳使用现有的配电馈线来适应运输电气化
    摘要：An analytical method that can be used to study the optimal topology and maximum capacity of the existing distribution network to accommodate electric vehicle (EV) charging demands is presented in this paper. In order to facilitate a large number of EV integrations, the feeder reconfiguration problem is formulated as a discrete nonlinear optimization problem that finds optimal feeders' tie switch locations and their on/off schedule to minimize operation costs and comply with the system operation constraints. A novel stochastic dynamic programming technique is adopted to solve the problem that includes various uncertainties associated with feeder baseline and EV charging loads. Simulation results obtained from an 84-bus feeder test system have indicated that for a case with 20% EV penetration to a 70% capacity utilization feeder area, a 10.78% reduction of operation cost and a 14.4% decrease in maximum feeder utilization can be obtained by distribution feeder reconfiguration.
  • 47.

    【24hr】Real-Time Monocular SLAM With Low Memory Requirements

    包量

    机译 内存需求低的实时单眼SLAM
    摘要：The localization of a vehicle in an unknown environment is often solved using simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) techniques. Many methods have been developed, each requiring a different amount of landmarks (map size), and thus of memory, to work efficiently. Similarly, the required computational time is quite variable from one approach to another. In this paper, we focus on a monocular SLAM problem and propose a new method called MSLAM, which is based on an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The aim is to provide a solution that has low memory and processing time requirements and that can achieve good localization results while benefiting from EKF advantages (i.e., direct access to the covariance matrix, no conversion required for the measures or the state, etc.). To do so, a minimal Cartesian representation (three parameters for three dimensions) is used. However, linearization errors are likely to happen with such a representation. New methods allowing to avoid or hugely decrease the impact of the linearization failures are presented. The first contribution proposed here computes a proper projection of a 3-D uncertainty in the image plane, allowing to track landmarks during longer periods of time. A corrective factor of the Kalman gain is also introduced. It allows to detect wrong updates and correct them, thus reducing the impact of the linearization on the whole system. Our approach is compared with a classic SLAM implementation over different data sets and conditions to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed contributions. The quality of the map built is tested by using it with another vehicle for localization purposes. Finally, a public data set presenting a long trajectory (1.3 km) is also used in order to compare MSLAM with a state-of-the-art monocular EKF-SLAM algorithm, both in terms of accuracy and computational needs.
  • 48.

    【24hr】Real-Time Detection of Traffic From Twitter Stream Analysis

    包量

    机译 从Twitter流分析实时检测流量
    摘要：Social networks have been recently employed as a source of information for event detection, with particular reference to road traffic congestion and car accidents. In this paper, we present a real-time monitoring system for event detection from Twitter stream analysis. The system fetches tweets from Twitter according to several search criteria; processes tweets, by applying text mining techniques; and finally performs the classification of tweets. The aim is to assign the appropriate class label to each tweet, as related to a event or not. The traffic detection system was employed for real-time monitoring of several areas of the Italian road network, allowing for detection of traffic events almost in real time, often before online traffic news web sites. We employed the support vector machine as a classification model, and we achieved an accuracy value of 95.75% by solving a binary classification problem (traffic versus nontraffic tweets). We were also able to discriminate if traffic is caused by an external event or not, by solving a multiclass classification problem and obtaining an accuracy value of 88.89%.
  • 49.

    【24hr】Bandwidth Maximization Using Vehicle Arrival Functions

    包量

    机译 使用车辆到达函数最大化带宽
    • 作者：Gomes Gabriel;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2015年第4期
    摘要：We revisit the offset optimization problem for maximization of two-way progression bands. A new formulation is proposed relying on the concepts of relative offset and vehicle arrival functions. Vehicle arrival functions represent the probability that a vehicle reaches a given intersection at a given time. Relative offsets are the displacement of the arrival functions with respect to a moving coordinate frame. An explicit formula for the bandwidth is derived based on these two quantities. The bandwidth maximization problem is then formulated as an unconstrained nonlinear program. The cases of pulse and Gaussian arrivals are considered in detail. Numerical techniques are proposed for both that return globally optimal solutions with small computational cost.
  • 50.

    【24hr】Automated Extraction of Urban Road Facilities Using Mobile Laser Scanning Data

    包量

    机译 使用移动激光扫描数据自动提取城市道路设施
    摘要：This paper proposes a novel, automated algorithm for rapidly extracting urban road facilities, including street light poles, traffic signposts, and bus stations, for transportation-related applications. A detailed description and implementation of the proposed algorithm is provided using mobile laser scanning data collected by a state-of-the-art RIEGL VMX-450 system. First, to reduce the quantity of data to be handled, a fast voxel-based upward growing method is developed to remove ground points. Then, off-ground points are clustered and segmented into individual objects via Euclidean distance clustering and voxel-based normalized cut segmentation, respectively. Finally, a 3-D object matching framework, benefiting from a locally affine-invariant geometric constraint, is developed to achieve the extraction of 3-D objects. Quantitative evaluations show that the proposed algorithm attains an average completeness, correctness, quality, and F-measure of 0.949, 0.971, 0.922, and 0.960, respectively, in extracting 3-D light poles, traffic signposts, and bus stations. Comparative studies demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed algorithm for automated and rapid extraction of urban road facilities.
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