Ecological fallacy in COVID-19 epidemiological inference: Influenza vaccination rate as an example

摘要

While the effective vaccines against COVID-19 are not yet broadly available, recent studies have suggested that prior vaccination to tuberculosis and influenza would confer some protection against COVID-19. 1,2 We conducted an ecological study to evaluate the association between the influenza vaccine coverage percentage and cumulative incidence rate, cumulative mortality rate, and case fatality risk in the United States of America (USA).