• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
您现在的位置：首页> 中文期刊>预防医学与卫生学>医药卫生>中华预防医学杂志

中华预防医学杂志

中华预防医学杂志

北大核心

CSCD

CSTPCD

Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine
1953年10月创刊，中华医学会主办。本刊是学界中历史最悠久的公认的核心期刊。刊登内容涵盖流行病学、环境卫生、营养与食品卫生、劳动卫生、儿童少年卫生学、卫生毒理、疾病检测与计划免疫、疾病预防与健康促进等所有预防医学与公共卫生类学科。多年来一直被美国医学索引（Medline）、化学文摘（CA）、生物学文摘（BA）等国内外20余种重要数据库收录。2006—2009年连续4年被评为“精品科技期刊（C类）”，在2007年被评为中国百种杰出学术期刊。
更多
  • 发文量：5607
  • 被引量：4398
  • H指数：3
  • 开始收录时间：1989,23(1)
  • CNKI综合因子：2.166
  • 维普期刊影响因子： 1.962
  • 万方期刊影响因子：2.48
  • 创刊时间：1953
  • 国内刊号/CN：11-2150/R
    国际刊号/ISSN：0253-9624
  • 发行周期：月刊
    邮发代号：2-61
  • 主管单位：中国科学技术协会
    主办单位：中华医学会
中华预防医学杂志-联系信息
  • 主编：-
  • 电话：010-51322302
  • 邮箱：cjpm@cma.org.cn
  • 地址：北京市西城区东河沿街69号
  • 邮编：100052
中华预防医学杂志-获奖情况
  • • 卓越计划期刊
  • • 2001年11月获第二届中国科协优秀期刊二等奖
  • • 2002年12月获第三届中国科协优秀期刊三等奖
  • • 2001年入选国家新闻出版总署颁布的“中国期刊方阵”双效期刊
  • • 2006—2009年本刊连续4年被中国科协评为“精品科技期刊（C类）”
  • • 2007年被评为中国百种杰出学术期刊
更多>
  • 收录汇总
  • 刊内文献检索
  • 投稿信息

刊期浏览

相关中文期刊

相关中文会议

相关外文期刊

相关外文会议

最新期刊

热门期刊

中华预防医学杂志 >2021年第11期

学科

年度

全选（0）
排序：
共4384条结果
  • 摘要：目的 分析我国居民食物消费水平及食物中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)含量,评估我国居民膳食DEHP的暴露水平及其风险.方法 于2011-2013年,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,选取中国14个省份的70个城市的140个超市或集贸市场为采样点,共采集22类食物样品6 650份.采用气相色谱-质谱联用方法,检测食物中DEHP的含量.利用食物中DEHP平均含量和2002年“中国居民营养与健康状况调查”数据中68 959名调查对象的食物消费量,采用简单分布模型计算不同年龄组人群膳食DEHP摄入水平以及不同种类食物对膳食DEHP摄人的贡献率,并与DEHP的每日可耐受摄入量(TDI,50μg·kg-1 ·d-1)比较,进行风险特征描述.结果 6 650份样品中DEHP含量范围为未检出～43.80 mg/kg.膳食DEHP平均摄入量为2.07(95％ CI:0.06～4.09) μg· kg-1·d-1,占TDI(50 μg· kg-1·d-1)的4.14％.2～6、7～12、13 ～ 17、18 ～59、≥60岁组膳食DEHP摄人量分别为3.92(95％ CI:0.83 ～7.01)、3.02(95％ CI:0.69～5.36)、2.17(95％ CI:0.54～3.81)、1.83(95％ CI:0.46 ～3.21)和1.66(95％ CI:0.38～ 2.94) μg·kg-1·d-1.全人群高食物消费量人群(P97.5)为4.73 μg·kg-1 ·d-1,占TDI(50 μg·kg-1 ·d-1)的9.46％.大米、瓜茄果类蔬菜、面粉对DEHP膳食摄入的贡献率分别为28.4％(0.59/2.07)、14.7％(0.30/2.07)、13.2％(0.27/2.07).结论 中国居民膳食DEHP摄入水平低于健康指导值;DEHP暴露风险较低;大米、瓜茄果类蔬菜、面粉是人群DEHP膳食摄人的主要来源.%Objective To assess dietary exposure of diethylhexyl phthalate(DEHP) among Chinese population,including general population,children aged 2-6 years,adolescent aged 7-12,young people aged 13-17,adults aged 18-59 years old as well as older people aged 60 and above and its health risk.Methods A total of 6 650 food samples were collected during 2011 to 2013 from 140 local markets of 14 provinces in China,which covered major foods in China.Samples were detected by GC-MS and categorized into 22 food groups.Food consumption data were taken from China National Nutrition and Health Survey performed in 2002 including 68 959 subjects.Mean concentrations of DEHP in food were combined with individual food consumption data to estimate dietary exposure,and food contributors to dietary DEHP intake were also calculated.Then,the exposure was compared with the tolerable daily intake (TDI,50 μg · kg-1 · d-1) of DEHP.Results DEHP level in foods (n =6 650) was in the range of not detected to 43.80 mg/kg.Mean dietary intakes of DEHP in general population was 2.07 (95％ CI:0.06-4.09) μg · kg-1 · d-1,accounting for 4.14 percent of TDI(50 μg · kg-1 · d-1).Mean dietary intake for population aged 2-6,7-12,13-17,18-59 as well as elderly aged 60 and above were 3.92 (95％ CI:0.83-7.01),3.02(95％ CI:0.69-5.36),2.17(95％CI:0.54-3.81),1.83(95％CI:0.46-3.21) and 1.66(95％ CI:0.38-2.94) μg · kg-1 · d-1 respectively.The 97.5 percentile intakes in the general populations was 4.73 μg · kg 1 · d-1,accounting for 9.46％ of TDI.Main food sources of DEHP were rice (28.4％ (0.59/2.07)),melon solanaceous vegetables (14.7％ (0.30/2.07)) and flour (13.2％ (0.27/ 2.07)) for the general population.Conclusion The results suggested that dietary exposure to DEHP among Chinese population was lower than tolerable daily intake of DEHP and there were no health concerns based on generally accepted exposure linits.Rice,melon solanaceous vegetables and flour were main food contributors of DEHP dietary intake for Chinese populations.
  • 摘要：Objective To investigate the cell proliferation and genome stability in workers with occupational exposure to diesel exhaust (DE).Methods In 2012,117 DE-exposed workers and 106 control workers were recruited by cluster sampling in this study.The demographic data were obtained by questionnaire survey.The airborne fine panicle and enriched polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at different workplaces were collected and analyzed.The concentrations of main PAHs monohydroxy metabolites in the urine were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS),which could reflect the internal exposure level of DE.The cell proliferation capacity and genome stability in the periphery lymphocytes of workers were evaluated by cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay.Results The concentrations (median (P5-P95)) of total PAHs monohydroxy metabolites in the urine of exposed group and control group were 12.96 (4.73-28.10),4.76 (0.90-15.00) μg/L,respectively,and the exposed group was higher than that of controls (Z =-8.77,P ＜ 0.001).The nuclear division index (NDI) of exposed group and control group was 1.68 ±0.13,1.85 ±0.16,respectively,and the NDI of exposed group showed significantly decreased (t =8.86,P ＜ 0.001),while the genome instability index calculated by micronucleus,nuclear bridges and nuclear buds,of exposed group and control group was 13.27 ± 6.26,4.83 ± 3.38,respectively,and the exposed group had statistically significant increase (Z =-10.08,P ＜0.001).The tertiles of total PAHs monohydroxy metabolites in the urine were categorized into low,medium and high groups(＜5.96,5.96-12.46,＞ 12.46 μg/L).With the NDI decreased,1.81 ± 0.17,1.79 ± 0.17,1.68 ± 0.14 (F =13.14,P ＜ 0.001),genome instability index began to increase 5.80 ± 4.15,9.97 ± 7.14,11.99 ± 6.61 (/1 000),respectively (x2 =36.74,P ＜ 0.001).With the increase of total PAHs monohydroxy metabolites level in corresponding groups.In addition,the NDI was negatively correlated with the frequencies of micronucleus,nuclear bridges,nuclear buds and genome instability index,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions DE exposure lead to inhibition of cell proliferation capacity and increase genome instability in the peripheral lymphocytes of occupational-exposed population,providing important clues and evidence for early biomarkers monitoring.%目的 研究职业暴露柴油机尾气(diesel exhaust,DE)对人群细胞增殖能力和基因组稳定性的影响.方法 采用整群抽样法于2012年选取117名DE职业暴露工人为暴露组,106名自来水厂工人为对照组,通过问卷调查获得研究对象的人口学资料,并检测工作环境中PM2.5和总多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)浓度.采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用方法检测尿中主要PAHs单羟基代谢产物,反映内暴露水平;采用胞质阻滞微核组学试验评价DE对人群外周血淋巴细胞增殖能力和基因组稳定性的影响.结果 暴露组和对照组工人尿中总PAHs单羟基代谢产物中位数(P5～P95)分别是12.96 (4.73 ～ 28.10)、4.76(0.90～15.00) μg/L,暴露组高于对照组(Z=-8.77,P＜0.001).暴露组和对照组核分裂指数(nuclear division index,NDI)分别为1.68±0.13、1.85 ±0.16,暴露组降低(t=8.86,P＜0.001),由微核、核质桥和核芽计算所得的基因组不稳定指数,暴露组和对照组分别为13.27±6.26、4.83±3.38,暴露组较高(Z=-10.08,P＜0.001).按尿中总PAHs单羟基代谢产物三分位数将所有研究对象分为低、中、高三组(＜5.96、5.96 ～ 12.46、＞ 12.46 μg/L),随着尿中总多环芳烃羟基代谢物升高,NDI降低,分别为1.81±0.17、1.79±0.17、1.68±0.14(F=13.14,P＜0.001),每1 000个细胞中基因组不稳定指数升高,分别为5.80±4.15、9.97±7.14、11.99±6.61(x2=36.74,P＜0.001).NDI与每1 000个细胞中的微核率、核质桥率、核芽率以及基因组不稳定指数,均随NDI的降低而升高,差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.001).结论 职业暴露DE可抑制人群外周血淋巴细胞增殖分裂能力,引起基因组不稳定性增高.
  • 摘要：Objective To investigate the correlation between smoking status and carotid plaque in rural population residing in Eastern part of China.Methods Between July and September of 2013,an epidemiological survey was carried out in residents aged 40 or above men who were enrolled randomly in rural areas of Anqing,Anhui province and Lianyungang,Jiangsu province.The data on epidemiological characteristics including smoking status,physical examination were collected using standardized protocol,and carotid ultrasonography was applied to examine the incidence of carotid plaque among never smokers,former smokers and current smokers.Logistic regress analysis was performed to determine the effect of smoking on carotid plaque.Results In the study,a total of 625 male participants were included in the study.51.4％ (321 cases) were current smokers,21.3％ (133 cases) were former smokers,and 27.4％ (171 cases) were never smokers.32.0％ (200/625) had carotid plaque.The incidence of carotid plaques was significantly higher in current smokers (35.2％,113/321) than that in never smokers (23.4％,40/ 171)(x2 =7.26,P =0.007) and the incidence in former smokers(35.3％,47/133) was also higher than that in never smokers (23.4％,40/171) (x2 =5.23,P =0.022).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that current cigarette smoking is significantly associated with the increased risk of carotid plaque (OR =1.84,95％ CI:1.13-2.98,P =0.014) in comparison with never smokers,and there was an interaction between current smoking and age in association with carotid plaque.Compared with the young(≤ 60 years old) and never smoking group(8％,3/40),prevalence of carotid plaque among the elderly (＞ 70 years old) and smoking group(55％,31/56) was significantly higher(OR =8.06,95％ CI:2.07-31.45) after adjusting for age,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,blood glucose,total cholesterol,triglyceride high-density lipoprotein,body mass index,drinking and regional differences.Conclusion It found that cigarette smoking was associated with increased risk of carotid plaque in rural elderly population residing in Eastern part of China.%目的 探讨在我国华东地区农村居民吸烟状态和颈动脉斑块的关系.方法 于2013年7-9月,在安徽省安庆市和江苏连云港4个县(区)的农村地区开展流行病学调查,以乡为单位按整群筛查方法抽取40岁以上的健康的中老年男性,进行体格检查、问卷调查以及应用多普勒超声测量颈动脉斑块形成,比较从不吸烟者、曾经吸烟者、现在吸烟者3组间颈动脉斑块形成的发生率.采用logistic回归分析吸烟对颈动脉斑块影响.结果 本试验纳入625名男性进行分析.现在吸烟者占51.4％(321名),曾经吸烟者占21.3％(133名),不吸烟者占27.4％(171名).32.0％(200/625)的受检者有颈动脉斑块.现在吸烟者中斑块形成发生率(35.2％,113/321)高于从不吸烟者(23.4％,40/171)(x2=7.26,P=0.007),曾经吸烟者中斑块发生率(35.3％,47/133)也高于从不吸烟者(23.4％,40/171)(x2=5.23,P=0.022).多因素logistic回归分析显示,在校正年龄、收缩压、舒张压、BMI、血糖、TC、TG、HDL-C、饮酒、地区差异后,现在吸烟者颈动脉斑块形成的危险较从不吸烟者高(0R=1.84,95％CI:1.13～2.98);与≤60岁且不吸烟组(8％,3/40)比较,＞70岁且吸烟组的斑块发生率(55％,31/56)较高,高龄且吸烟组斑块形成的风险有明显的联合作用(OR=8.06,95％ CI:2.07 ～31.45).结论 华东地区农村中老年男性人群中吸烟者颈动脉斑块发生率较高.
  • 摘要：Objective To explore the relationship between expression of coiled-coil domaincontaining protein 80 (CCDC80) and obesity in serum and adipose tissues.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a hospital in Tangshan in September 2010.100 people including 78 healthy people and 22 with type-2 diabetes were recruited.Another 36 female patients with benign tumor of Obstetrics and Gynecology were also recruited.Demographic characteristics and serum samples were collected from all subjects,basic biochemical indicators were tested.All subjects were divided into ‘Normal Weight’ and ‘Overweight and Obese’ according to their BMI (BMI ＜24.0 kg/m2;BMI≥24 kg/m2).Serum CCDC80 of the 100 subjects was detected by ELISA.Visceral and subcutaneous fat were derived from the other 36 female subjects,and Real-time PCR was used to detect CCDC80 mRNA expression in adipose tissues.Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the correlation between serum or adipose CCDC80 expression and waist,BMI,and other biochemical indicators.Results The age of 100 subjects was (52.9 ± 8.4) years old.44％ of them were women (44 cases) and 56％ of them were men (56 cases).After dividing them into three groups according to their BMI,covariance analysis were conducted,and age and gender were adjusted.The HDL-C level was significantly different among three groups (F =10.73,P ＜ 0.001):‘ Overweight and obese combined with diabetes’ group ((0.90 ± 0.06) mmol/L) ＜ ‘Overweight and obese’ group ((1.14 ± 0.04) mmol/L) ＜ ‘ Normal weight’ group ((1.28 ± 0.05)mmol/L).The adjusted expression of serum CCDC80 of the 100 subjects was (5.84 ± 0.16) pg/ml,(5.81 ±0.98) pg/ml among men and (5.97 ±0.89)pg/ml among women,and there was no significant difference(t =-0.812,P=0.419) between genders.ANOVA revealed that there was no significant differences of the expression of serum CCDC80 among three groups (F =1.06,P =0.351),‘ Normal weight’ group was (5.84±0.16) pg/ml,‘overweight and obese’ group was (6.11 ±0.14) pg/ml,and ‘Overweight and obese combined with diabetes’ group was (5.84 ±0.19) pg/ml.The analysis showed that FBG had a negative correlation with serum CCDC80 (Rb =-0.223,P =0.026).Multivariate linear regression had a similar result,with 1 mmol/L increase of serum FBG,serum CCDC80 decreases for 0.24 pg/ml (3 =-0.24,95％ CI:-0.21--0.02).There was also a negative correlation between serum CCDC80 and FBG in overweight and obese people(Ra =-0.368,P =0.013).Besides,CCDC80 mRNA was detected in both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue of 36 cases,the expression level was 0.06 ± 0.02 for subcutaneous fat,was 0.05 ± 0.04 for visceral fat,and the expression in visceral fat was lower (0.05 ± 0.03) than that in subcutaneous fat (0.06 ± 0.03) (t =2.50,P =0.025) among overweight and obese group.There was a negative correlation between waist and visceral CCDC80 mRNA expression (r =-0.472,P =0.035).Conclusion This study suggested that CCDC80 may be involved in energy and insulin metabolism,and plays a protective role in obesity and diabetes.%目的 探究人体血清和脂肪组织中脂肪因子卷曲螺旋结构域80(CCDC80)表达水平与肥胖之间的关系.方法 于2010年9月,采用横断面调查方法在唐山某医院招募100名社区人群(包括健康人群78名和2型糖尿病患者22例)和该院36例妇产科良性肿瘤患者,调查其人口学基本特征并收集血清,检测血液生化指标.社区人群和妇产科良性肿瘤患者均按照BMI分为正常体重组(BMI＜ 24.0 kg/m2)和超重肥胖组(BMI≥24.0 kg/m2).对100名社区人群以ELISA检测血清CCDC80水平.对36例妇产科良性肿瘤患者采集并保存内脏和皮下脂肪组织,以Real-time PCR检测脂肪中CCDC80 mRNA表达水平.采用Pearson简单相关及多元线性回归方法,分别分析血清和脂肪组织中CCDC80表达水平与腰围、BMI和其他生化指标之间的相关性.结果 100名社区人群年龄为(52.9±8.4)岁,男、女分别为44、56名.按照不同体重分组后,调整年龄、性别后进行协方差分析,各组HDL-C水平为:超重肥胖合并糖尿病组为(0.90±0.06) mmol/L,单纯超重肥胖组为(1.14±0.04) mmol/L,正常体重组为(1.28±0.05) mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(F=10.73,P＜O.001).调整年龄、性别后的血清CCDC80对数值的面±s为(5.84±0.16) pg/ml,男性为(5.81 ±0.98) pg/ml,女性为(5.97±0.89) pg/ml,性别间差异无统计学意义(t=-0.81,P=0.419).方差分析结果显示,正常体重组血清CCDC80水平为(5.84±0.16) pg/ml,单纯超重肥胖组为(6.11±0.14) pg/ml,超重肥胖合并糖尿病组为(5.84±0.19) pg/ml,不同体重组人群血清CCDC80水平之间差异无统计学意义(F=1.06,P=0.351).血清CCDC80水平与FBG呈负相关(Rh=-0.223,P=0.026);多元线性回归模型显示FBG浓度每上升1 mmol/L,血清CCDC80浓度下降0.24 pg/ml(β=-0.24,95％ CI:-0.21 ～-0.02).进一步发现单纯超重肥胖组,血清CCDC80水平与FBG也呈负相关(Ra=-0.368,P=0.013).此外,CCDC80在36例皮下和内脏脂肪组织中均有表达,皮下脂肪相对表达水平为0.06 ±0.02,内脏脂肪为0.05 ±0.04.且超重肥胖者内脏脂肪CCDC80 mRNA相对表达水平为0.05±0.03,低于皮下脂肪中的相对表达水平0.06 ±0.03(t =2.50,P=0.025).进一步在超重肥胖人群中的Pearson相关分析发现,腰围与内脏脂肪CCDC80基因表达水平呈负相关(r=-0.472,P=0.035).结论 脂肪因子CCDC80可能参与体内能量及胰岛素代谢,是肥胖和胰岛素抵抗的保护因素之一.
  • 摘要：目的 探讨过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARs) 10个SNPs与非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)水平的关联及基因-基因的交互作用.方法 研究对象来自江苏省多代谢异常和代谢综合征综合防治研究队列人群.入组时间为1999年4月至2004年6月.2006年3月至2007年10月随访4 582名基线调查满5年的对象,共随访到4 083名.于2009年10月,对随访到的4 083名对象,在排除基线时患有心血管疾病、糖尿病、BMI＜ 18.5 kg/m2的基础上,从3 731名对象中,采用单纯随机抽样方法抽取其中的820名研究对象,对其基线血液标本进行PPARs/δ/γ10个SNP的基因多态性检测.运用logistic回归模型分析不同SNP与non-HDL-C的关联,并采用广义多因子降维法(GMDR)模型分析10个SNP的基因-基因交互作用.结果 820名研究对象中有男性270名,女性550名,年龄为(50.05±9.41)岁.单SNP关联分析显示,调整性别、年龄、吸烟、体力活动、高脂饮食和低纤饮食后,rs1800206-V等位基因和rs3856806-T等位基因与较高水平的non-HDL-C有关,rs 1800206-V等位基因携带者(LV+ VV基因型)non-HDL-C为(3.15±0.89) mg/L(F=15.01,P=0.002);rs3856806-T等位基因携带者(CT+TT基因型)non-HDL-C为(3.03±1.01) mg/L(F=9.87,P =0.005).GMDR模型分析显示,在调整同样的影响因素后,二阶、五阶、六阶和七阶交互作用模型均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中包括rs 1800206、rs3856806、rs135539、rs4253778、m2016520、rs1805192、rs709158的七阶模型交叉验证一致性为10/10,平均检验准确度为0.656 0,为最优模型.结论 rs1800206和rs3856806多态性与non-HDL-C水平升高有关联,并与rs135539、rs4253778、rs2016520、rs1805192、rs709158之间存在基因-基因交互作用.%Objective To examine the main effect of 10 Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) SNP in contribution to non-HDL-C and study whether there is an interaction in the 10 SNPs.Methods Participants were recruited within the framework of the PMMJS (Prevention of Multiple Metabolic Disorders and Metabolic Syndrome in Jiangsu province) cohort-population-survey,which was initiated from April 1999 to June 2004,and 5-year follow-up data from total 4 582 subjects were obtained between March 2006 and October 2007.A total of 4 083 participants received follow-up examination.After excluding subjects who had experienced stroke or exhibited cardiovascular disease,type 2 diabetes or a BMI ＜ 18.5 kg/m2,a total of 820 unrelated individual subjects were selected from 3 731 subjects on October of 2009.Blood samples which were collected at the baseline were subjected to PPARα,PPARδ and PPARγ 10 SNPs genotype analysis.Logistic regression model was used to examine the association between 10 SNPs in the PPARs and non-HDL-C.Interactions within the 10 SNP were explored by using the Generalized Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (GMDR).Results A total of 820 participants (mean age was 50.05 ±9.41) were included in the study and 270 were males and 550 were females.Single-locus analysis showed that after adjusting gender,age,smoking,alcohol consumption,physical activity,high-fat diet and low-fiber diet factors,rs1800206-V and rs3856806-T were significantly associated with higher non-HDL-C levels.V allele (LV + VV genotype) carriers of rs1800206 have a average non-HDL-C levels on (3.15 ± 0.89) mg/L (F =15.01,P =0.002);T allele (CT + TT genotype) carriers of rs3856806 have a average non-HDL-C levels on (3.03 ± 1.01) mg/L(F =9.87,P =0.005).GMDR model analysis showed that after adjusting the same factors,two-locus model,five-locus model,six-locus model and seven-order interaction models were all statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05),and the seven-locus model (rs1800206,rs3856806,rs135539,rs4253778,rs2016520,rs1805192,rs709158) was the best model (P=0.001),the cross-validation consistency was 10/10 and testing accuracy was 0.656.Conclusion Rs1800206 and rs3856806 were significantly associated with non-HDL-C.And there was an gene-gene interaction among rs1800206,rs3856806,rs1800206,rs135539,rs4253778,rs2016520,rs1805192,rs3856806 and rs709158 which could influence the non-HDL-C levels.
  • 摘要：Trichlorethylene (TCE) is a widely used organic solvent and an important industrial material.It's easily released into the environment through manufacture,use and disposal process,so there is a wide range of occupationally and environmentally exposed population.Based on accumulated research data,International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) increased the carcinogenic rating of TCE from probable human carcinogen to certain human carcinogen in 2012.This paper is a review of the carcinogenic effects of TCE and its metabolites from the aspects of epidemiological data,experimental evidence on animals as well as the mechanisms of carcinogenesis.%三氯乙烯(trichloroethylene)是用途广泛的有机溶剂和重要的工业原料,易在制造、使用和弃置过程中释放入环境,因此广泛存在职业和环境暴露人群.国际癌症研究中心(IARC)于2012年根据积累的研究资料将三氯乙烯从人类可能致癌物提高评级到人类致癌物.本文从人群流行病学资料、动物实验证据以及致癌机制等几个方面概述了三氯乙烯及其代谢物的致癌作用.
  • 摘要：Under the background of globalization,public health issues are becoming more and more complicated.In the international arena,global health has gradually replaced international health and “global public health” as one of the dominant terms in the field of public health.However,until now,there is no unified understanding and definition for the concept of global health domestically and internationally.In this article,various foreign experts'views and domestic experts' opinions about the concept of global health are collected and solicited,in order to generalize appropriate Chinese definition of global health of China.%在全球化背景下,公共卫生的问题变得日趋复杂.在国际上,全球健康开始逐步取代国际卫生和全球公共卫生,并成为公共卫生领域占主导地位的术语.本文借鉴国际上对于“全球健康”定义的研究成果,结合中国全球健康实践及多学科、多部门专家看法,总结了全球健康的中文定义,希望以此推动、促进中国全球健康事业的发展.
  • 摘要：目的 分析广州市居民对永久实施活禽全市集中屠宰形式的接受意愿及其影响因素.方法 于2014年1月6-8日,采用Mitofsky-Waksberg二阶段抽样方法,选取广州市拥有固定电话的家庭中≥15岁、听力正常的居民为调查对象,共358名,通过公共卫生公益热线对其进行电话问卷调查.了解居民对永久实施活禽全市集中屠宰的接受意愿.通过计算科恩效应量参数(w),比较调查对象与2010年广州市人口普查数据人口学特征的差异,并对性别、年龄特征进行加权调整.采用x2检验比较不同特征因素调查对象对永久实施活禽全市集中屠宰形式的接受情况,采用多因素logistic回归分析影响居民接受意愿的因素.结果 358名调查对象的性别、年龄与2010年广州市人口普查数据差别较小(w分别为0.13、0.28);调查对象教育程度与婚姻状况与2010年广州市人口普查数据差别较大(w分别为0.52、0.31).永久实施活禽全市集中屠宰形式的接受率为49.0％ (95％ CI:43.7％ ～54.3％).过去1年内,买过光禽、冰鲜禽、冰冻禽的调查对象对永久实施全市集中屠宰形式的接受率分别为54.3％(133/245)、60.0％(57/95),59.8％(49/82),分别高于未买过光禽、冰鲜禽、冰冻禽者的接受率[38.1％ (43/113)、44.9％(118/263)、45.7％(126/276)](x2值分别为8.15、6.40、5.03,P值分别为0.004、0.011、0.025);认为冰鲜禽比活禽口感更好的调查对象对永久实施活禽全市集中屠宰接受率为64.9％(24/38),高于认为口感不好接受率[47.0％ (151/320)](x2=4.22,P =0.040).男性、认为因市场购买活禽会导致感染生病、接受市场仅供应光禽、近1年家庭购买过活禽、若无活禽供应会减少购买禽类的调查对象对永久实施全市集中屠宰形式的接受率分别为58.6％(109/186)、59.0％(92/156)、60.7 ％(139/230)、44.9％ (132/295)、36.6％ (68/186),其OR(95％ CI)值分别为2.68(1.64～4.37)、1.72(1.05 ～2.82)、2.39(1.33 ～4.30)、0.29(0.11 ～0.74)、0.50(0.30 ～0.83).结论 广州市人感染H7N9禽流感疫情前期,永久实施全市集中屠宰的接受率仍不高;男性、认为因市场购买活禽会导致感染发病者、能接受市场仅光禽供应者接受永久实施全市集中屠宰形式可能性较高.%Objective To investigate a survey about acceptance of central slaughtering of live poultry in residents of Guangzhou.Methods We conducted a telephone survey by sampling residents with fixed-line telephone and with normal hearing,whose age is more than 15 years,by Mitofsky-Waksberg two-stage method during Jan 6th to 8th,2014.358 residents finished the telephone questionnaire by 12 320 health hot line.We investigated the acceptance rate of city-wide central slaughtering permanently.We compared the difference between the respondents and the 2010 Guangzhou census data by Cohen's effect sizes(w) and weighted by population age and sex.We used x2 test to compare the acceptance rate of central slaughtering in residents with different characteristic.We used multiple logistic regression analysis to analyze the factors.Results The difference in gender and age was small between respondents and the 2010 Guangzhou census data (w value was 0.13,0.28,respectively),but that in education and marital status was large (w value was 0.52,0.31,respectively).49.0％ (95％ CI:43.7％-54.3％) accept city-wide central slaughtering permanently.The acceptance rate of city-wide central slaughtering permanently in those who bought fresh,chilled and frozen poultry in their family in previous year was 54.3％ (133/245),60.0％ (57/ 95) and 59.8％ (49/82),respectively.It was more than those who didn't buy fresh,chilled and frozen poultry (38.1％ (43/113),44.9％ (118/263) and 45.7％ (126/276);x2 values were 8.15,6.40 and 5.03;P values were 0.004,0.011 and 0.025,respectively).The acceptance rate of city-wide central slaughtering permanently in those who deem fresh poultry taste better than live poultry was 64.9％ (24/38).It more than those who deem not (47.0％,151/320) (x2 =4.22,6.02,P =0.040,0.014,respectively).The acceptance rate of city-wide central slaughtering permanently in the male(OR =2.68,95％ CI:1.64-4.37) and those who deem getting sick due to buying live birds from LPM(OR =1.72,95％ CI:1.05-2.82),who can accept only fresh poultry carcass supply(OR =2.39,95％ CI:1.33-4.30),Who bought live poultry in their family in previous year(OR =0.29,95％ CI:0.11-0.74),who will decrease the consumption after ban on live poultry sale (OR =0.50,95％ CI:O.30-0.83) was 58.6％ (109/186),59.0％ (92/156),60.7％ (139/230),44.9％ (132/295),36.6％ (68/186),respectively.Conclusion In the early stage of avian influenza A (H7N9) epidemic in Guangzhou,the rate of acceptance of central slaughtering permanently in residents was not so high.Who deem getting sick due to buying live birds from LPM,who could accept only fresh poultry carcass supply and the male more accept city-wide central slaughtering permanently.
  • 摘要：目的 探讨高脂膳食诱导的肥胖小鼠十二指肠组织中介导Fe2摄取和释放的关键分子——二价金属离子转运蛋白(DMT1)和膜铁转运蛋白(Fpn1)的基因表达变化.方法 C57BL/6J小鼠依随机数字表法分为正常对照(NC)组和肥胖模型(OM)组,每组6只,分别以普通饲料和高脂饲料喂养14周.肥胖建模成功后,采用Real-time PCR和Western blot法检测小鼠十二指肠DMT1、Fpn1mRNA和蛋白表达水平.结果 Real-time PCR检测结果显示,与NC组相比(将NC组mRNA表达水平定为1.00),OM组小鼠Fpn1 mRNA的相对表达水平(0.58±0.11)明显降低,差异有统计学意义(=6.71,P=0.014),而DMT1 mRNA相对表达水平(0.89 ±0.26)差异无统计学意义(t=2.01,P=0.122).Western blot检测结果显示,OM组小鼠十二指肠Fpn1蛋白表达量低于NC组,OM组和NC组相对表达水平分别为0.32±0.06、0.65 ±0.19,差异有统计学意义(t=5.37,P=0.026),而DMT1蛋白相对表达水平在OM组和NC组分别为0.88 ±0.21、0.92 ±0.17,差异无统计学意义(t=1.84,P=0.185).结论 肥胖小鼠十二指肠Fpn1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平下降,而DMT1表达水平无明显变化,提示肥胖对肠铁吸收的影响可能在于肠黏膜细胞释放Fe2入血循环障碍.%Objective This study aims to determine the gene expression changes of iron transporters-divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) in the duodenal tissue of diet-induced obese mice.Methods C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal control(NC) and obesity model(OM) group,6 in each,and fed on conventional and high-fat diet respectively for 14 weeks by table of random number.Then the DMT1 and Fpn1 mRNA contents in duodenal tissues of the animals were measured by Real-time PCR method,and the protein expression levels were analyzed by Western blot test.Results The Real-time PCR detection results showed that,compared with the NC group for which the mRNA expression level was defined as 1.0,the Fpn1 mRNA expression in OM group (0.58 ± 0.11) was reduced significantly(t =6.71,P =0.014),whereas the relative expression level of DMT1 mRNA in OM group(0.89±0.26) showed no obvious alteration(t =2.01,P =0.122).Western blot results showed that the relative protein expression levels of Fpn1 in OM and NC group were 0.32 ± 0.06 and 0.65 ± 0.19,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (t =5.37,P =0.026).The DMT1 protein relative abundance was 0.88 ±0.21 in OM group and 0.92 ±0.17 in NC group,and the difference has no statistical significance (t =1.84,P =0.185).Conclusion Fpnl gene expression is inhibited in the duodenum of diet-induced obesity mouse while DMT1 expression keeps unchanged,and this implies that decreased iron export from enterocytes into circulation might be responsible for the impaired iron absorption in obesity.
  • 摘要：Thirdhand smoke (THS) is defined as residual tobacco components that remain on indoor surfaces after tobacco has been smoked, such as walls furniture,and dust particles, which are re-emitted into the air. THS also includes secondary pollutants generated from the reaction of surface residual smoke compounds with reactive indoor air pollutants. THS is a new hidden health hazard, with infants and children being most at risk of higher exposure. This article summarized the aging process of secondhand smoke and the mechanism of generation of THS;reviewed the current status of research on THS regarding its chemical constituents, physical and chemical properties, biological toxicity, as well as degree of pollution in China and other countries;and finally provided the perspectives on the future study of THS.%三手烟被定义为停止吸烟后附着在室内物体表面，如墙壁、家具和灰尘颗粒上的残留烟草烟雾，以及从物体表面重新释放出来的气体和悬浮颗粒。三手烟还包括物体表面残留烟雾化合物与室内空气中污染物反应产生的二代污染物。三手烟为隐藏的健康危害，婴幼儿的暴露要高于其他人群。本文总结了二手烟的老化过程和三手烟的产生机制；介绍了三手烟在化学成分、物理化学特性、生物毒性和国内外场所污染等方面的研究现况；最后阐述了作者对三手烟研究趋向的展望。
  • 摘要：目的：分析1990年和2010年中国人群伤害疾病负担及变化趋势。方法利用2010年全球疾病负担研究结果，主要指标包括死亡率、过早死亡损失寿命年（YLL)、伤残损失寿命年（YLD)和伤残调整寿命年（DALY)，描述中国人群伤害的疾病负担现状。同时，以2010年人口普查数据作为标准人口，将每5岁作为1个年龄组，计算了标化死亡率，标化的YLL率、YLD率和DALY率，分析1990年到2010年的变化幅度，描述疾病负担指标20年的变化趋势。结果2010年中国人群因伤害死亡796240例，伤害死亡率为59.34/10万，标化死亡率为61.87/10万；伤害造成的YLL为3175.93万人年， YLD为904.47万人年，DALY为4080.40万人年。中国人群前5位伤害死因依次为道路交通事故、自杀、意外跌倒、溺水、意外中毒，2010年因这5种伤害导致的死亡人数依次是282576、172964、115294、67402、36997例。按DALY负担排序，前5位伤害依次是道路交通事故、意外跌倒、自杀、溺水、意外中毒，导致的DALY依次为1496.23万、705.83万、596.99万、366.34万、161.37万人年。道路交通事故造成的疾病负担上升迅速，标化死亡率从1990年15.76/10万上升到2010年21.83/10万，上升了38.54%，标化DALY率从1990年的930.12/10万上升到2010年的1142.19/10万，上升了22.80%；自杀导致的疾病负担呈现下降趋势，标化死亡率从1990年的22.62/10万下降到2010年的13.62/10万，下降了39.82%，标化DALY率从1990年的875.09/10万下降到了2010年的462.28/10万，下降了47.17%。伤害DALY负担最高的年龄段是20～24岁，其次是40～44岁、35～39岁，3个年龄组的DALY依次为422.11万、416.55万、403.19万人年。结论伤害是导致中国人群疾病负担的重要疾病，尤其危害青壮年人群。近年来，道路交通事故疾病负担上升迅速。要针对道路交通事故、意外跌倒、自杀等重点伤害，采取针对性的防控措施。%Objective To analyze the status and trend of injury burden in 1990 and 2010 for Chinese people. Methods We used results of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2010(GBD 2010) to analyze the status of injury burden in China. The main outcome measurements included years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability(YLD), and disability-adjusted life years(DALY). Moreover,the China Census in 2010 was used as the reference population to calculate the age-standardized rate with each five-year as an age group. We also calculate the percentage change from 1990 to 2010 and analyze the trend of injury burden in China for the past twenty years. Results In 2010, a total of 796 240 people died of injury. The crude death rate of injury in China was 59.34/100 000 and the standardized death rate was 61.87/100 000;the YLL due to injury was 31.7593 million person years. The YLD due to injury was 9.0447 million person years and the DALY due to injury was 40.8040 million person years. In 2010, the top five causes of death related to injury were road traffic, injury, suicide, falls, drowning and poisoning. The death number for the five causes were 282 576, 172 964, 115 294, 67 402,and 36 997,respectively. The top five causes of DALY related to injury were road traffic injury, falls, suicide, drowning and poisoning and the DALY were 14.9623 million, 7.0583 million, 5.9699 million, 3.6634 million,and 1.6137 million person years. From 1990 to 2010, the burden attributable to road traffic injury increased quickly, the standardized death rate increased from 15.76/100 000 to 21.83/100 000, up 38.54%; the standardized DALY rate increased from 930.12/100 000 to 1142.19/100 000, up 22.80%. From 1990 to 2010, the burden attributable to suicide decreased, the standardized death rate decreased from 22.62/100 000 to 13.62/100 000, down 39.82%, and the standardized DALY rate decreased from 875.09/100 000 to 462.28/100 000, down 47.17%. The disease burden of injury topped at the group aged 20-24, followed by group aged 40-44 and group aged 35-39,the DALY for the three age groups were 4.2211 million,4.1655 million,and 4.0319 million person years, respectively. Conclusion Injury was the main disease for burden among Chinese population, especially among young adults. In recent years, the burden attributable to road traffic injury increased quickly.Targeted prevention and control measures for road traffic injury, falling, suicide and other key injury should be in place to reduce the burden of injury effectively.
  • 摘要：全基因组关联研究（GWAS）已经发现了众多与复杂性疾病和性状相关的遗传位点，但绝大部分位点的生物学功能尚不明确。基因组功能注释显示这些位点可能主要影响基因组调控区的功能，表达数量性状位点（eQTL）分析、染色质构象捕获技术、基因组编辑技术CRISPR/Cas9等方法的应用，以及非编码RNA和低频遗传变异等方面的研究，有望促进这些遗传位点的功能解析，为GWAS成果的转化应用奠定基础。%Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of genetic loci associated with complex diseases or traits. However, the exact biological functions of these loci are largely unknown. Recent functional annotation indicates that the majority of disease/trait associated loci are concentrated in regulatory DNA of human genome. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses, chromosome conformation capture related methods and genome editing methods (such as CRISPR/Cas9) may facilitate the functional study of these loci. Research on noncoding RNAs and rare variants may improve the functional understanding. These efforts may promise translation of GWAS findings to clinical practices.
  • 摘要：Objective To analyze and compare burden of disease caused by malignant tumor in China, 1990 and 2010. Methods The indicators including prevalence, death, years of life lost(YLL),years lived with disability(YLD), and disability adjusted of life years(DALY) of malignant tumor from the results of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 were used to calculate the standardized prevalence rate, mortality rate, YLL rate, YLD rate and DALY rate with the 2010 national census data. The research described the prevalence, death, and burden of disease caused by malignant tumor and analyze the trend of these indicators in 1990 and 2010 in China. Results In China from 1990 to 2010, the standardized prevalence rate of malignant tumor increased from 529.76/100 000 to 749.57/100 000(increased by 41.49%); the standardized mortality rate decreased from 196.57/100 000 to 169.88/100 000 (decreased by 13.58%);the standardized DALY rate decreased from 5 206.56/100 000 to 4 150.86/100 000. In 2010, the top five standardized DALY rate of malignant tumor were lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and colorectal cancer. Their standardized DALY rate were 892.21/100 000, 787.40/100 000, 521.36/100 000, 303.95/100 000, and 269.94/100 000, respectively. In all kind of malignant tumors, the burden of disease of lung cancer had the fastest-growing rate. The standardized mortality rate of lung cancer increased from 34.78/100 000 in 1990 to 41.09/100 000 in 2010;the standardized DALY rate increased from 830.77/100 000 in 1990 to 892.21/100 000 in 2010. The burden of disease of gastric cancer had the fastest-falling rate. The standardized mortality rate of gastric cancer decreased from 39.65/100 000 in 1990 to 23.79/100 000 in 2010; the standardized DALY rate decreased from 968.96/100 000 in 1990 to 521.36/100 000 in 2010. Conclusion The burden of disease caused by malignant tumor in China remained at high levels in 2010. The top five burden of disease of malignant tumor were lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and colorectal cancer. The burden of disease of lung cancer had the fastest-growing rate and gastric cancer had the fastest-falling rate from 1990 to 2010 in China. Prevention and control of malignant tumor was still difficult.%目的：分析比较1990年与2010年中国归因于恶性肿瘤的疾病负担。方法利用2010年全球疾病负担研究结果，主要指标包括恶性肿瘤的患病数、死亡数、过早死亡损失寿命年（YLL）、伤残损失寿命年（YLD）和伤残调整寿命年（DALY），同时使用2010年全国人口普查数据作为标准人口，计算标化的患病率、死亡率、YLL率、YLD率和DALY率，以此对1990年和2010年中国恶性肿瘤总体及不同种类恶性肿瘤的患病、死亡和疾病负担情况进行描述，分析中国恶性肿瘤患病和死亡的变化幅度以及疾病负担的变化情况。结果中国恶性肿瘤的标化患病率从1990年的529.76/10万上升至2010年的749.57/10万，增加了41.49%；标化死亡率从1990年的196.57/10万下降到2010年的169.88/10万，下降了13.58%；标化DALY率从1990年的5206.56/10万下降到2010年的4150.86/10万。2010年标化DALY率排名前5位恶性肿瘤分别为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌和结直肠癌，分别为892.21/10万、787.40/10万、521.36/10万、303.95/10万和269.94/10万。在所有恶性肿瘤中，肺癌的疾病负担增长最快，标化死亡率从1990年的34.78/10万上升至2010年的41.09/10万，标化DALY率从1990年的830.77/10万上升至2010年的892.21/10万；胃癌的疾病负担下降最快，标化死亡率从1990年的39.65/10万下降至2010年的23.79/10万，标化DALY率从1990年的968.96/10万下降至2010年的521.36/10万。结论2010年中国恶性肿瘤造成的疾病负担仍维持在较高水平，其中疾病负担排名前5位的恶性肿瘤分别为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌和结直肠癌；与1990年相比，2010年肺癌的疾病负担上升最快，胃癌的疾病负担下降最快，恶性肿瘤的防治任务仍十分艰巨。
  • 摘要：目的：分析比较1990年与2010年我国归因于室外空气污染的疾病负担。方法利用2010年全球疾病负担研究（GBD 2010)结果，计算人群归因分值（PAF)，分析中国1990年和2010年归因于室外空气污染相关疾病死亡数、伤残调整寿命年（DALY)及其95%不确定性区间（95%UI)，比较20年间我国归因于室外空气污染的疾病负担变化趋势。结果2010年，中国5岁以下儿童下呼吸道感染中有38.9%(95%UI：27.0%～49.4%)是由室外空气污染造成。25岁以上人群中，27.2%(95%UI：10.2%～37.5%)的肺癌、29.9%(95%UI：25.8%～34.2%)的冠心病、35.0%(95%UI：27.4%～41.1%)的脑卒中和21.0%(95%UI：10.7%～30.3%)的COPD归因于室外空气污染。2010年室外空气污染导致死亡123.5(95%UI：103.8～141.0)万例和DALY 2523.0(95%UI：2177.0～2860.0)万人年，分别较1990年增长33.4%(92.6万例)和4.0%(2426.0万人年)；增长最快的是肺癌，分别为154.5%(从5.5万例增长至14.0万例)和130.1%(从133.0万人年增长至306.0万人年)；其次是冠心病，分别为118.5%(从13.0万例增长至28.4万例)和86.6%(从328.0万人年增长至612.0万人年)；再次为脑卒中，分别为41.0%(从42.9万例增长至60.5万例)和33.8%(从897.0万人年增长至1200.0万人年)。1990年和2010年室外空气污染导致的死亡中，男女性均以60～79岁居多（男性分别为26.0万例和40.4万例，占53.7%和54.8%；女性分别为21.4万例和23.6万例，占48.5%和47.5%)；导致的DALY均为40～79岁居多（男性分别为845.8万人年和1346.0万人年，占62.9%和83.8%；女性分别为636.0万人年和715.2万人年，占58.9%和78.0%)，男性增长快于女性。结论我国室外空气污染导致的疾病负担沉重，对死亡和残疾的影响均有加重趋势，减少室外空气污染及其健康危害势在必行。%Objective To assess the burden of disease attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution in 1990 and 2010 in China. Methods On the basis of the results of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2010(GBD 2010) for China's estimates, we used population attributable fractions(PAF) to examine the burden of disease (mortality and disability-adjusted life years(DALY) ) attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution in 1990 and 2010 in China, with 95% uncertainty interval(95% UI) estimate, and increasing rate to explore the trends of attributed burden of disease across the study period of 20 years. Results In 2010, 38.9%(95%UI:27.0%-49.4%) of lower respiratory infections for <5 years children, 27.2%(95%UI:10.2%-37.5%) of lung cancer, 29.9%(95%UI:25.8%-34.2%) of ischemic heart disease, 35.0%(95%UI:27.4%-41.1%) of stroke, and 21.0%(95%UI:10.7%-30.3%) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) for ≥25 years adults were attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution, which accounted for 1.235(95%UI:1.038-1.410) million deaths and 25.230(95%UI:21.770-28.600) million person years DALY in total, and increased by 33.4% and 4.0%,respectively by comparison with that in 1990 (0.926 million and 24.260 million person years). Lung cancer accounted for the largest increasing rate of 154.5%(from 0.055 million to 0.140 million) and 130.1%(from 1.330 million person years to 3.060 million person years), followed by ischemic heart disease (118.5%, from 0.130 million to 0.284 million, and 86.6%, from 3.280 million person years to 6.120 million person years) and stroke (41.0%, from 0.429 million to 0.605 million, and 33.8%, from 8.970 million person years to 12.000 million person years). The attributed mortality for both gender mostly occurred in age group of 60-79 years (male: 0.260 million and 0.404 million accounting for 53.7%and 54.8%;female:0.214 million and 0.236 million accounting for 48.5%and 47.5%) both in 1990 and 2010. The age group of 40-79 years accounted for the most portion of attributed DALY for both gender (male: 8.458 million person years and 13.460 million person years accounting for 62.9% and 83.8%; female: 6.360 million person years and 7.152 million person years accounting for 58.9% and 78.0%). The increasing rates were higher for male than for female. Conclusion The burden of disease attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution was very high in China with significant increase in mortality and disability, which indicates the highly necessity for government to take actions to reduce ambient particulate matter pollution and its health hazards.
  • 摘要：Objective To evaluate the acute effects of indoor and outdoor particulate matter on lung function and respiratory symptoms of college students in winter. Methods A panel of 37 college students aged 19-21 in Wuhan were included and the investigation was carried out from 12/23/2009 to 01/05/2010. Daily morning/evening forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1) and respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm and runny) were measured and reported by subjects, respectively. Meanwhile, daily data of indoors and outdoors PM10, PM2.5, temperature, and relative humidity were collected. Generalized Estimating Equations(GEEs) were used to estimate the association between particulate matters exposure and respiratory symptoms and FEV1. Results Average daily concentrations of indoor, outdoor PM2.5 during the study period were(110.6 ± 42.3),(143.5 ± 51.2) μg/m3,(148.2 ± 43.2) and(239.1 ± 71.3) μg/m3 for indoor, outdoor PM10, respectively. Outdoor exposure to PM2.5 on lag 0 had little effect on evening FEV1. However, researchers observed a significant lagging effect(lag 1 d) and accumulative effect(lag 0-1 d and lag 0-2 d). A rise in the PM2.5 concentration of 10μg/m3 resulted in the change of evening FEV1 of-0.28%(95%CI:-0.52%,-0.03%),-0.45%(95%CI:-0.81%,-0.08%) and-0.63%(95%CI:-1.15%,-0.11%), respectively. For respiratory symptoms of coughing up phlegm, 10 mg/m3 increase of indoor/outdoor PM2.5 concentration were associated with odds ratio of 1.18(95%CI:1.02-1.36) and 1.08(95%CI:0.97-1.19), respectively. Moreover, risk of coughing up phlegm increased with lagging time, and accumulative time of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and PM10. Conclusion Our study suggested that short-term exposure to particulate matters in winter was significantly associated with acute changes of respiratory symptoms and FEV1 of college students in Wuhan. Moreover, the effects of particulate matters tended to be larger as the increase of lagged and accumulative days.%目的：研究冬季室内外空气中细颗粒物（PM2.5)、可吸入颗粒物（PM10)的短期暴露对大学生呼吸道症状以及1 s最大呼气量（FEV1)的影响。方法整群选取武汉市某大学2年级37名学生作为调查对象，采用固定群组追踪研究的方法，于2009年12月23日—2010年1月5日连续14 d，测定其早晚FEV1，并记录每日是否出现咳嗽、咳痰、流鼻涕等呼吸道症状，同时监测室内外PM2.5、PM10浓度和温湿度变化。构建广义估计方程（GEE)模型定量评价颗粒物暴露对学生呼吸道症状以及FEV1的影响。结果调查期间室内、外PM2.5日均浓度分别为（110.6±42.3)、(143.5±51.2)μg/m3，PM10日均浓度分别为（148.2±43.2)、(239.1±71.3)μg/m3。研究未发现当日（lag 0 d)室外PM2.5的暴露对晚上FEV1有急性影响，室外PM2.5浓度每升高10μg/m3，其滞后1 d（lag 1 d)、滞后0～1 d(lag 0～1 d)、滞后0～2 d(lag 0～2 d)的FEV1分别改变-0.28%(95%CI：-0.52%～-0.03%)、-0.45%(95%CI：-0.81%～-0.08%)和-0.63%(95%CI：-1.15%～-0.11%)。在出现的咳嗽、咳痰和流鼻涕等症状中，咳痰的发生风险随室内外颗粒物浓度升高而增加，其中，室内、室外当日PM2.5浓度升高10μg/m3，咳痰症状发生的风险分别增加为1.18(95%CI：1.02~1.36)、1.08(95%CI：0.97～1.19)。并且，随着室内外PM2.5、PM10滞后时间和累积时间的增加，发生咳痰症状的风险均呈上升趋势。结论武汉市冬季颗粒物的短期暴露对大学生呼吸道症状和FEV1存在急性影响，并伴随滞后和累积的天数增加其影响呈现加重趋势。
  • 摘要：Along with the society and economy development in China, life expectancy of Chinese increased substantially since 1990, chronic and non-communicable disease has became a serious disease effecting on health. In the process of transition of the health mode, it's a complicated challenge how to effectively reduce the burden of and improve the health of Chinese. Based on the results of the burden of disease study of Chinese, referring to the experience of other countries and combining with the practice in our country, we put forward some suggestions to solve the health problems in China, and we hope we can promote the development of the prevention and control of disease, and realize the health dream of Chinese.%随着我国社会经济的发展和变化，自20世纪90年代以来，我国居民的期望寿命大幅提高，慢性病日益成为严重影响人群健康的疾病。在健康模式转变的过程中，如何有效应对各种挑战，降低疾病负担，提高人群的健康水平，是一项复杂的系统工程。本文根据中国人群疾病负担研究的结果，参照其他国家的经验并结合我国的实际，提出了解决中国健康问题的若干建议，希望以此推动中国疾病防控事业的发展，实现中国人民的健康梦想。
  • 摘要：目的：分析1990年与2010年中国归因于不合理膳食、吸烟、饮酒和身体活动不足等慢性病主要行为危险因素的疾病负担。方法利用2010年全球疾病负担研究结果，选取1990年与2010年由于不合理膳食、吸烟、饮酒和身体活动不足导致的伤残调整寿命年（DALY）、过早死亡损失寿命年（YLL）和伤残损失寿命年（YLD），分析归因于4种危险因素的疾病负担现况、时间变化和疾病构成。结果1990年中国归因于不合理膳食、吸烟和饮酒的DALY及其95%不确定性区间（95%UI）分别为3728（3288～4212）万、2832（2250～3573）万、1302（1050~1574）万人年，其中男性分别为2117（1826～2448）万、1787（1359～2374）万和1023（822～1238）万人年，均高于女性[分别为1611（1390～1932）万、1045（727～1569）万和279（181～392）万人年]；2010年归因于不合理膳食、吸烟、饮酒和身体活动不足的DALY（95%UI）分别为5170（4607～5665）万、3000（2343～3592）万、1378（1089～1688）万和1144（949～1368）万人年，其中男性分别为3291（2843～3654）万、2271（1709～2827）万、1162（919～1428）万和634（509～774）万人年，均高于女性[分别为1879（1631～2092）万、729（447～973）万、216（125～310）万和510（421～605）万人年]。与1990年相比，2010年男性归因于不合理膳食、吸烟和饮酒的DALY均有所增加，增幅分别为55.5%、27.1%和13.6%；女性除归因于不合理膳食的DALY有所增加外（增幅为16.6%），归因于吸烟和饮酒的DALY均有所下降，变化幅度分别为-30.2%和-22.6%。归因于不合理膳食的DALY中，水果摄入不足所占的比例最高（35.4%），其次为高盐饮食（20.2%）。结论中国归因于不合理膳食、吸烟、饮酒和身体活动不足等慢性病主要行为危险因素的疾病负担较重，且在男性中增长迅速。%Objective To examine burden of disease (BOD) attributable to dietary risk factors, tobacco smoking, alcohol use, and physical inactivity in China in 1990 and 2010. Methods The results of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2010(GBD 2010) for China were extracted to examine BOD attributable to the four behavioral risk factors in terms of current status, time trend, age patterns, and their diseasecomposition. Measurements for attributable BOD were years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALY). Results In 1990, for both genders combined, BOD attributable to dietary risk factors, tobacco smoking, and alcohol use were 37.28 (32.88-42.12), 28.32 (22.50-35.73), and 13.02 (10.50-15.74) million DALYs, respectively;for men, attributable BOD were 21.17 (18.26-24.48), 17.87 (13.59-23.74), and 10.23 (8.22-12.38) million DALYs, respectively, more than those in women (16.11 (13.90-19.32), 10.45 (727-15.69) ,and 2.79 (1.81-392) million DALYs, respectively). In 2010, BOD attributable to dietary risk factors, tobacco smoking, alcohol use, and physical inactivity were 51.70 (46.07-56.65), 30.00 (23.43-35.92), 13.78 (10.89-16.88), and 11.44 (9.49-13.68) million DALYs, respectively, all of which combined accounted for 33.7%of overall BOD;in male BOD attributable to these 4 risk factors were 32.91 (28.43-36.54), 22.71 (17.09-28.27), 11.62 (9.19-14.28), and 6.34 (5.09-7.74) million DALYs, respectively, higher than those in women (18.79 (16.31-20.92), 7.29 (4.47-9.73), 2.16 (1.25-3.10), and 5.10 (4.21-6.05) million, respectively). Compared with 1990, attributable BOD among men in 2010 had increased by 55.5% for dietary risk factors, 27.1% for tobacco smoking and 13.6%for alcohol use, whilst only had BOD attributable dietary risk factors increased (by 16.6%) among women, with decreasing trends in smoking (-30.2%) and alcohol use (-22.6%). Diet low in fruits accounted for the largest portion of 35.4% in total BOD attributable to all dietary risk factors, followed by diet high in sodium which accounted for 20.2%. Conclusion The BOD attributable to the 4 behavioral risk factors was quite high in China, with significant increase in BOD of men.
  • 摘要：目的：分析1990年与2010年中国15岁以上人群慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD)的疾病负担变化情况。方法利用2010年全球疾病负担研究结果，分析1990年和2010年中国15岁以上人群COPD的死亡、患病情况，及其过早死亡损失寿命年（YLL)、伤残损失寿命年（YLD)及伤残调整寿命年（DALY),比较中国1990年和2010年COPD导致的DALY、标化死亡率和DALY率的变化情况。结果2010年我国15岁以上居民因COPD死亡的人数为93.4万例（男性53.4万例，女性40.0万例)，比1990年（142.5万例,男性70.5万例,女性72.0万例)减少34.5%(男性减少24.3%，女性减少44.4%)；2010年COPD的患病人数为4176.4万例（男性2211.1万例，女性1965.3万例)，比1990年（2938.2万例,男性1559.9万例,女性1378.3万例)增加了42.1%(男性增加41.7%，女性增加42.6%)。我国15岁以上居民COPD的标化死亡率由1990年的235.2/10万下降为2010年的90.5/10万，下降幅度达61.5%。我国1990年和2010年15岁以上居民COPD标化患病率分别为4.2%和3.9%。2010年我国因COPD造成的DALY、YLL和YLD分别为1659.8万、1294.6万及365.2万人年。与1990年（256.7万人年)相比，2010年我国因COPD造成的YLD上升了42.3%。标化YLL率由1990年的3756.9/10万下降为2010年的1235.6/10万，标化DALY率由1990年的4120.1/10万下降为2010年的1575.9/10万，标化YLD率由1990年的363.2/10万下降为2010年的340.3/10万。结论与1990年相比，虽然2010年COPD所致的DALY有了明显下降，但因伤残导致的疾病负担有所上升。%Objective To analyze the disease burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among people aged over 15 years in 1990 and 2010 in China. Methods The estimation of China data for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010) was used to analyze the mortality and prevalence as well as the years of life lost due to premature mortality(YLL), years lived with disability(YLD) and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of COPD in China in 1990 and 2010 for Chinese people aged 15 years and above. The death rate and DALY rate of COPD in China in 1990 and 2010 were compared. Results In 2010, 0.934 million people (0.534 million men and 0.400 million women) aged over 15 years died from COPD, decreased 34.5% (24.3% for men and 44.4% for women) compared with that in 1990 (1.425 million with 0.705 million men and 0.720 million women). There were 41.764 million COPD patients in 2010 (22.111 million men and 19.653 million women), increased 42.1%(41.7%for men and 42.6%for women) compared with 1990 (29.382 million patients with 15.599 million men and 13.783 million women). The mortality rate of COPD decreased for 61.5%from 2.352/100 000 in 1990 to 90.5/100 000 in 2010. The prevalence rate of COPD was 4.2%and 3.9%in 1990 and 2010,respectively. The DALY, YLL and YLD due to COPD was 16.598, 12.946, and 3.652 million person years,respectively in 2010. The YLD increased 42.3%compared with 1990 (2.567 million person years). From 1990 to 2010, the age-standardized DALY rate, YLL rate and YLD rate decreased from 4 120.1/100 000 to 1 575.9/100 000, from 3 756.9/100 000 to 1 235.6/100 000 and from 363.2/100 000 to 340.3/100 000,respectively. Conclusion Although there was significant decrease of DALY due to COPD in 2010, compared to 1990, the YLD burden is still increasing.

    中华预防医学杂志的期刊信息

    • 曾用名：中华卫生杂志;人民保健
    • 创刊时间：1953
    • 地区：CN
    • 语言：中文
    • 热门主题：中华医学会
    • 学科分类： 预防医学、卫生学;

      Medicine:Medicine (miscellaneous);

    中华预防医学杂志的获奖情况

    • • 卓越计划期刊
    • • 2001年11月获第二届中国科协优秀期刊二等奖
    • • 2002年12月获第三届中国科协优秀期刊三等奖
    • • 2001年入选国家新闻出版总署颁布的“中国期刊方阵”双效期刊
    • • 2006—2009年本刊连续4年被中国科协评为“精品科技期刊（C类）”
    • • 2007年被评为中国百种杰出学术期刊

    中华预防医学杂志的收录情况

    • • 北大核心期刊（1992版）
    • • 北大核心期刊（1996版）
    • • 北大核心期刊（2000版）
    • • 北大核心期刊（2004版）
    • • 北大核心期刊（2008版）
    • • 北大核心期刊（2011版）
    • • 北大核心期刊（2014版）
    • • 北大核心期刊（2017版）
    • • 化学文摘（网络版）
    • • 中国科学引文数据库（2011-2012）
    • • 中国科学引文数据库（2013-2014）
    • • 中国科学引文数据库（2015-2016）
    • • 中国科学引文数据库（2017-2018）
    • • 中国科学引文数据库（2019-2020）
    • • 医学文摘
    • • 哥白尼索引
    • • 日本科学技术振兴机构数据库
    • • 生物医学检索系统
    • • 文摘与引文数据库
    • • 中国科技核心期刊

    中华预防医学杂志的投稿信息

    • 投稿方式：在线投稿
    • 投稿须知：点击查看
    • 期刊官方网站：点击前往
    • 版面费：平均 3000 元/页
    • 审稿费：平均 45 元/篇元
    • 通讯地址：北京市西城区东河沿街69号
    • 邮编：100052
    • 联系电话：010-51322302
    • 邮箱：cjpm@cma.org.cn
    • 期刊栏目：述评；专论；论著；学术争鸣；方法学介绍；检验技术；现场调查；案例报告；综述；讲座；学术动态；书评；消息等
    免费订阅本刊

    客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

    京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有 出版物经营许可证

    • 客服微信

    • 服务号