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国际病毒学杂志

国际病毒学杂志

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International Journal of Virology
中华人民共和国卫生部主管，中华医学会、北京市疾病预防控制中心主办。本刊入选中国科学技术信息研究所中国科技论文统计源期刊（中国科技核心期刊）。是专业刊载病毒学基础、临床、药物、疫苗、防控等的综合性专业学术医学期刊，公开发行。
  • 发文量：1771
  • 被引量：757
  • H指数：1
  • 开始收录时间：1994(1)
  • CNKI综合因子：1.092
  • 维普期刊影响因子： 1.132
  • 万方期刊影响因子：1.29
  • 创刊时间：1994
  • 国内刊号/CN：11-5394/R
    国际刊号/ISSN：1673-4092
  • 发行周期：双月刊
    邮发代号：18-223
  • 主管单位：中华人民共和国卫生部
    主办单位：中华医学会；北京市疾病预防控制中心
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  • 邮箱：gjbdxzz@126.com
  • 地址：北京市东城区和平里中街16号
  • 邮编：100013
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国际病毒学杂志 >2021年第5期

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  • 摘要：@@ 我国是HCMV感染高发地区,其中儿童血清抗HCMV抗体阳性率为83.2%～87.3%,而成人则高达95%[1].HCMV是一种弱的致病因子,但是先天感染、免疫力低下的婴幼儿可产生胎儿小头畸形、先天智力障碍及神经性耳聋等临床症状,器官移植、长期使用免疫抑制剂的个体及AIDS患者则可产生严重的临床综合症.明确IE72的作用机制则可在早期对HCMV感染进行干预,改善预后.
  • 摘要：目的 了解2010年北京地区急性出血性结膜炎的病原学特征.方法 收集北京市2010年7月至10月疑似急性出血性结膜炎病例,采集患者眼拭子标本207件,采用荧光定量RT-PCR方法对标本进行CoxA24v、EV70病毒核酸检测,同时使用Hep-2细胞进行病毒分离.将获得的阳性CoxAE4v毒株进行VP1区基因全长的序列分析.结果 检测207例患者眼拭子标本,获得19例CoxA24v阳性样本,阳性率为9.2%.未检出EV70病毒核酸.使用Hep-2细胞进行病毒分离,获得7个CoxA24v毒株,将7个毒株的VP1区进行序列分析,结果显示该7株毒株组内核苷酸同源性为95.8%～99.7%.与2007年云南毒株、2008年浙江毒株核苷酸同源性分别为96%～99.5%和95.7%～100%,与2003年和2009年中国山东毒株核苷酸同源性分别为94.3%～94.6%和70.9%～73.4%.系统进化树分析结果显示该7株毒株位于3个独立的分支上.结论 北京地区2010年急性出血性结膜炎是由CoxA24v引起,北京地区存在至少3个CoxA24v流行株的传播.%Objective To investigate the molecular characteristics of virus of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis detected in Beijing in 2010.Methods 207 conjunetival swab specimens of patients in Beijing during July and October were collected.Real-time RT-PCR method was used to type the specimens.At the same time,each specimen was,inoculated Hep-2 cells and cells were examined for the appearance of CPE.Positive cells that show CPE were detected by a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).PCR products were sequenced and analyzed.Results A total of 207 conjunctival swab specimens were detected and 19 positive CoxA24v specimens we got.No EV70 virus wag detectecd.7 positive CoxA24v PCR products were used to be sequenced.The 7 isolated strains have high homology of 95.8%～99.7%with each other.Compared with the nucleotide sequences of CoxA24v reference strain from Yunnan in 2007 and Zhejiang in 2008,the homology is 96%～99.5%and 95.7%～100%.Compared with the nucleotide sequences of CoxA24v reference strain from Shandong in 2003 and 2009,the homology is 94.3%～94.6%and 70.9%～73.4%.Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 7 isolates were located at 3 independent branch.Conclusion It was the CoxA24 variants that induced the epidemic of Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis in Beijing in 2010.And there were 3 or more individual epidemic virus strain in Beijing in 2010.
  • 摘要：目的 通过对北京地区2010年10月-2011年4月急性呼吸道感染病毒病原谱构成及流行特征分析,为临床诊断、治疗和呼吸道传染病的预防控制提供病原学依据.方法 随机采集北京市五家哨点医院接诊的急性呼吸道感染病例咽拭子样本425份,利用多重RT-PCR和PCR方法进行甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、副流感病毒、腺病毒、偏肺病毒、鼻病毒、冠状病毒、博卡病毒和肠道病毒检测,并进行统计分析.结果 425份样本中检出255份呼吸道病毒阳性的标本,阳性率为60%(255/425).病毒病原谱构成前三位为甲型流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒和腺病毒.病毒检出阳性率的时间分布有一定规律性:10月至次年2月阳性率较高,11月份为高峰期(93.75%),次年3月阳性率开始明显下降.不同月份检出的优势病毒不同.不同年龄组病毒感染的病原谱构成也不同:0～5岁年龄组以呼吸道合胞病毒为主;5～15岁年龄组以腺病毒为主;15岁以上各年龄组均以甲型流感病毒为主.结论 甲型流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒为北京地区冬春季急性呼吸道感染主要病原体,不同月份呼吸道病毒流行有一定规律性,并且不同年龄组易感的病毒也不同.%Objective To analyze the virus distribution and epidemiological characteristic of acute respiratory infection during October of 2010 and April of 2011 in Beijing so as to provide the data for the preventive strategy, clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods By multiplex RT-PCR and PCR, influenza A virus A, influenza B virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, metapneumovirus,rhinovirus, coronavirus, human Boca virus and enteric virus were detected and statistically analyzed in 425 clinical swabs simultaneously. Results 255 positive results were got from the 425 samples, the positive ratio was 60%. The dominated viruses in the pathogen spectrum were influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus. The positive ratio for the virus detection was distributed timely. It was high from Oct to Apr of next year and it as maximum in Nov (93.75%) while it was dropped down from Mar. The dominated viruses were different in different months and in different age groups. For the 0 ～ 5 age groups, the respiratory syncytial virus was maximum and for 5 ～ 15 age group adenovirus was found largest while for all the other age groups more than 15 years old influenza A was the dominated virus. Conclusions Influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus were the main pathogens leading to acute respiratory infection during winter and spring in Beijing and the pathogens have specific epidemiology according to the ages and months.
  • 摘要：@@ 流行性感冒(influenza)是由流感病毒引起的一种人、禽、畜共患的急性呼吸道传染病.流感能在短期内突然发生,迅速蔓延,造成不同程度的流行,在世界范围内引起人畜的发病和死亡.历史上,流感曾多次爆发:1918年"西班牙流感(H1N1型)",1957年"亚洲流感(H2N2型)",1968年"香港流感(H3N2型)"以及1977年"俄罗斯流感(H1N1型)"使许多人丧失了生命[1].
  • 摘要：目的 对三种脊髓灰质炎病毒检测方法的灵敏度进行比较.方法 将Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型脊灰病毒标准株(TR株),从1×101倍系列稀释至1×107倍.选用三类方法对制备的脊灰病毒稀释液系列进行检测,比较不同检测方法的灵敏度,三类方法分别为:RD和L20B细胞分离脊灰病毒、肠道病毒通用引物EV1/EV2和脊灰病毒特异性引物UC11/UG1分别进行RT-PCR检测脊灰病毒核酸、三种商业性肠道病毒Realtime RT-PCR检测试剂盒检测脊灰病毒核酸.结果 RD和L20B细胞分离脊灰病毒的检测限可达脊灰病毒标准株的104倍稀释度;基于肠道病毒通用引物(EV1/EV2)和脊灰病毒通用引物(UC11/UG1)的两种普通RT-PCR检测限分别为103、102倍稀释度;达安、金豪、基因格三种商业性实时荧光RT-PCR试剂盒的检测限分别为:101、103、104倍稀释度.结论 RD和L20B两种细胞分离脊灰病毒的灵敏度并不亚于现有的核酸检测方法.目前部分商业性的肠道病毒通用型核酸检测试剂盒主要针对手足口设计,对脊灰病毒的检测灵敏度反而不够,应慎重选用.%Objectiveto To compare the sensitivity of several assays for poliovirus detection.Methods Three serotypes of poliovirus standards(Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅲ) were serially deluted from 1 × 101 fold to 1 × 107 fold respectively. These dilution series were tested by three kinds of methods, including virus isolation assay using RD and L20B cells, RT-PCR assays using enterovirus group specific primer sets (EV1/ EV2) and poliovirus group specific primer sets (UC11/UG1), and real time RT-PCR assays including three available commercial real time RT-PCR kits. Results The detection limit of the virus isolation method is 1 × 104 fold. The sensitivities of EV1/EV2 based and UC11/UG1 based RT-PCRs were 1 × 103 fold and 1 × 102 fold respectively. The detection limit of three real time PCR kits (Da An, King Hawk and Genegle) was 1 × 101 fold, 1 × 103 fold and 1 × 104 fold. Conclusion the sensivivity of virus isolation method is not less than that of any nucleid acid based methods. Some commercial real time PCR kits were developed initially for HFMD detection and were not suit for polio virus detection.
  • 摘要：@@ 人类疱疹病毒8型(human herpus virus 8,HHV-8)又名Kaposi肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(Kaposi'ssarcoma-associated herpus virus,KSHV),是所有卡波西肉瘤(Kaposi'sarcoma,KS)类型(包括经典型KS、地方型KS、医源性/移植后KS、流行型/AIDS相关性KS)重要的病原体.
  • 摘要：目的 建立新型发热伴血小板减少综合征布尼亚病毒的TaqMan探针实时荧光RTPCR检测方法并进行评估,为发热伴血小板减少综合征监测中新型布尼亚病毒感染的排查提供实验室检测依据.方法 利用新型布尼亚病毒S片段基因的特异性序列设计引物和探针,探针5'端标记FAM,3'端标记TAMRA,优化反应体系与反应条件,并对不同浓度含有.目的 基因的质粒以及在发热伴血小板减少综合征监测中收集的32份样本和流行性出血热病毒阳性样本进行核酸检测,验证该方法的特异性、敏感性和重复性.结果 该方法所检测的32份可疑病例的临床样本中,3份为阳性,与国家疾病预防控制中心下发的试剂以及商品化试剂盒的检测结果一致;流行性出血热病毒检测结果为阴性.对.目的 基因的检测灵敏度达4×102拷贝/ml;重复性实验中,变异系数为0.125%～0.28%.全部检测过程从样本的核酸提取至检测完成仅需2.5h左右.结论 本文建立的TaqMan探针实时荧光RT-PCR法是一种检测新型发热伴血小板减少综合征布尼亚病毒的特异、快速、敏感的方法.该方法的建立将有益于今后开展发热伴血小板减少综合征监测以及应急临床样本中新型布尼亚病毒感染的排查和快速检测.%Objective To develop and evaluate a real-time RT-PCR method for detecting the novel Bunyavirus, based on TaqMan hybridization probe technology in order to provide a laboratory diagnosis for the novel Bunyavirus infection during the surveillance of Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndromes. Methods A pair of primers and a probe was designed to identify S segment gene of the novel Bunyavirus. The probe was 5' end labeled with FAM and 3' end labeled with TAMRA. The PCR reaction system and condition were optimized. Different concentration of plasmid DNA containing the target gene, 32 serum samples collected from the surveillance of Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndromes, and Hantaan virus positive samples were tested using this method to evaluate the specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility of the assay. Results 3 positive samples were detected among 32 clinic samples collected from the suspected cases, conformed to the results obtained from the detection reagents provided by Chinese National Center for Diseases Prevention and Control and the commercial kit, Hantaan virus positive samples tested were negative. The sensitivity of this assay was 4 × 102 Copies/ml. The coefficients of variation (CV) value were 0. 125% ～0. 28% during the reproducibility test. The whole process takes 2. 5h including the extraction of RNA from the sample. Conclusion This real-time RT-PCR method setting up based on TaqMan probe is a specific, rapid and sensitive method for detecting the novel Bunyavirus. The establishment of this method will provide a strong support for quick examination of the novel Bunyavirus infection during the Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndromes surveillance and the emergent clinical diagnosis.
  • 摘要：Objective To study the infected situation of human herpesvirus 8 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and investigate whether HHV-8 K1 played a part in development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods HHV-8 KI DNA were amplified by nested-PCR and sequenced from clinical 80 cases paraffin-embedded tissue in Xinjiang. The phylogenefic analysis was carried out by using Lagergene, CLUSTAL W and PHYLIP software packages, and then the K1 subtype was confirmed. Correlations between different clinics of HHV-8 K1 was detected in 9 (22.5%) of 40 cases cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and 8 (20%) of 40 cases esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, But there was no significant difference for infecting HHV-8 besquamous cell carcinoma of skin infection HHV-8 K1 cases, one case was analyzed belong to A subtype, 8 cases were analyzed belong to C subtype; For esophageal squamous cell carcinoma infection of HHV-8 K1 cases, two cases were belong to A subtype, six cases were belong to C subtype, no other subtypes were found. Conclusions There was no significant correlation between different sites of squamous cell carcinoma and HHV-8 K1 subtypes.%目的 了解鳞癌组织中人类疱疹病毒8型(HHV-8)感染情况,探讨感染HHV-8 K1基因亚型与鳞癌发病部位的关系.方法 对40例皮肤鳞癌、40例食管鳞癌石蜡包埋组织进行HHV-8K1基因的DNA抽提、扩增、双向测序,使用Lagergene软件、CLUSTAL W软件和PHYLIP软件包对测序结果进行系统发生学分析,从而确定HHV-8 K1基因亚型,最后运用Fisher确切概率法对结果进行统计学分析.结果 ①40例皮肤鳞癌中9例(22.5%)感染HHV-8,40例食管鳞癌中8例(20%)感染HHV-8,HHV-8 K1在皮肤鳞癌与食管鳞癌感染率组间比较差异不显著(P＞0.05).②皮肤鳞癌感染HHV-8病例中,1例为A亚型,8例为C亚型.食管鳞癌感染HHV-8病例中,2例为A亚型,6例为C亚型,未发现其他亚型.结论 鳞癌感染HHV-8 K1基因亚型与鳞癌的不同发病部位之间没有明显相关性.
  • 摘要：@@ 虫媒病毒(Arbovirus)是指一些通过吸血节肢动物(蚊、蜱、白蛉、蠓等)叮咬敏感脊椎动物而传播疾病的一群病毒.在病毒分类中,虫媒病毒隶属14个病毒科.根据所包括病毒的种类及其与人、畜疾病的关系,虫媒病毒主要集中在披膜病毒科甲病毒属(29种)、黄病毒科黄病毒属(69种)、呼肠孤病毒科(77种)和布尼安病毒科(350种).其中约130种虫媒病毒可引起人类疾病,流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)、登革热、基孔肯雅热、西尼罗热、立夫特山谷热、蜱媒脑炎和克里米亚-刚果出血热为最重要的虫媒病毒病.
  • 摘要：目的 了解北京市男男性接触者人乳头瘤病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒感染情况,并分析其影响因素.方法 通过男男非政府组织招募志愿者,进行一对一访谈,并开展血清学检测及人乳头瘤病毒DNA分型.结果 被调查的283名男男性接触者,人类免疫缺陷病毒感染率为10.25%,人乳头瘤病毒感染率为70.67%.按照HPV不同感染情况和感染HPV基因型种类数目不同分组后分别进行HIV感染率的x2检验,结果显示HPV不同感染情况(P=0.008)、感染HPV基因型种类数目不同组(P=0.007)间HIV感染率均有统计学差异;受教育程度低是人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的危险因素.结论 北京市男男性接触者人群人类免疫缺陷病毒及人乳头瘤病毒感染率较高,因此在性病防治工作中,对男男性接触者人群有针对性地开展干预工作是非常必要的.%Objective To analyze the infection rate of HPV and HIV, and the related high-riskfactors f MSM group in Beijing. Methods An anonymous investigation wes applied face to face and their blood was brought to take the HIV and HPV DNA test. Results: The infection rate of HIV and HPV among the 283 MSM men was 10. 25% and 70. 67% respectively. According to the different HPV infection, the population was divided into four groups: "negative", "low-risk positive", "high-risk positive" and "low and high-risk mixed positive" ,x2 test was taken and the results showed that HIV infection rates were different with the different HPV infection situation(P = 0. 008) and the number of HPV genotype(P = 0. 007). Having fixed sex partner was risk factors of HIV infection. Conclusion The result reflected high prevalence of HIV and HPV infection. It is an urgent and tough task to conduct the pertinent intervention among MSM in Beijing.
  • 摘要：Objective To examine risk factors associated with respiratory infections among healthcare workers.Methods A nested case-control study was conducted in a cohort of 481 healthcare workers who worked at hospitals of level two or level three in Beijing.The respiratory infection was confirmed by throat swab testing.Questionnaire and diary card were used to record the exposure and protection of the healthcare workers.Univariate analysis and mutivariate logistic regression analyses were used for data analyze by using STATA11.0.Results All of the 481 healthcare workers were completed the follow up.There are 40 of them were confirmed as respiratory infection as the case group and 441 non-respiratory infection subjects were included into control group.Univariate analysis showed that factors such as hospital level,working at high risk department,hands washing and high risk procedure were all associated with respiratory infection.Results of multivanate logistic regression analysis showed that variables such as washing hands af-rnter touching patients ( OR = 0.41,950-/o CIO.19 - 0.89),and high risk procedure ( OR = 2.42,95% CIl.06rn~5.50) were all correlated to respiratory infection Conclusions Specific measures targeting risk factorsrn8hould be conducted to protect the healthcare works from nosocomial respiratory infection.%目的 探索医务人员在院内感染呼吸道传染病的影响因素,针对性的提出院感防范重点及感染控制改进建议.方法 本研究采用巢式病例对照研究的方法.选取北京市东城区和西城区的9家二级以上医院,将符合条件的医务人员作为一个队列,对其医疗行为进行为期一个月的观察.依据咽拭子病原学检测结果判定研究对象的呼吸道感染状况,并将他们分为病例组和对照组.通过问卷调查了解并比较两组人员在职业暴露与防护行为等方面的差异.数据分析应用STATA11.0软件完成,危险因素的分析采用非条件Logistic回归.结果 共有481名医务人员完成本次研究,随访率为100％.在481名研究对象中有40例经实验室确诊为呼吸道感染,纳入病例组,其他441人纳入对照组.单因素分析显示,医院级别、工作科室、高危操作、接触病人后洗手等四个因素可能与医务人员发生呼吸道感染相关.多因素非条件logistic回归分析发现,共有2个因素进入回归方程,其中从事高危操作(OR =2.42,95％ CI1.06 ～5.50)为发生呼吸道感染的危险因素,接触病人后洗手(0R=0.41,95％CI0.19 ～0.89)为保护性因素.结论 为防止医务人员在院内感染呼吸道传染病,针对其危险因素所采取的干预措施亟待开展.
  • 摘要：汉坦病毒属于布尼亚病毒科(Bunyaviridae)汉坦病毒属( Hantavirus,HV),该属病毒至少包括42个血清型或基因[1],主要引起肾综合症出血热(Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFRS)和汉坦肺综合症(Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome,HPS),对人类健康危害极大.
  • 摘要：目的 了解河北省婴幼儿腹泻患者轮状病毒的感染特点及基因型别的变迁情况.方法 2007 -2010年在河北卢龙县医院和卢龙县妇幼保健院收集5岁以下腹泻住院病例1643例的粪便标本,采用酶联免疫吸附试验( ELISA)检测轮状病毒抗原,阳性标本用多重反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)进行基因分型.结果 1643例标本中801例轮状病毒抗原阳性,阳性率为48.75％.对轮状病毒抗原阳性标本进行G/P分型,2007 -2010年G3型所占比例波动于48.59％ ～ 69.92％,G1型由2007年的10.59％下降至2010年的5.79％,G9型则由2007年的2.12％上升至2010年的19.74％.P分型以P[8]最为常见,G/P组合以G3P[8]为主.结论 轮状病毒是要幼儿腹泻的主要病原,G3P[8]为河北省主要流行株,G9型有上升趋势.%Objective To investigate the infection characteristics of group A rotavirus in children with diarrhea in Hebei.Methods Stool specimens were collected from 1643 children (less than 5 years old) with diarrhea in Lulong county hospital,Lulong county maternal and duild health hospital from 2007 to 2010.The specimens were detected by ELISA,and the positive samples were genotyped using multiple reverse transeriptase-polymerase chain reaction.Results A total of 801 positive cases were detected among 1643 patients with diarrhea,with the positive rate of 48.75％.All the positive specimens were genotyped for G/P.G3 serotype ranged from 48.59％ to 69.92％,2007-2010.The proportion of G1 dropped from 10.59％ in 2007 to 5.79％ in 2010.However,The proportion of G9 rose from 2.12％ in 2007 to 19.74％ in 2010.P[8 ]was the most common P genotype.G3P[8 ] ranked first in combination of G/P.Conclusion Rotavirus is the main pathogen of infantile diarrhea.G3P[ 8 ] is the major epidemic strains and the G9 serotype has a rising trend.
  • 摘要：目的 调查EV71所致手足口病患儿及其密切接触儿童的病毒携带状况,探讨肠道病毒传播规律,为科学防控手足口病提供参考.方法 现场追踪观察18名聚集性患儿及其50名密切接触儿童并采集标本,利用RD细胞分离肠道病毒,实时荧光RT-PCR方法检测肠道病毒核酸.结果 在发病后3～6周内,仍有38.89％(7/18)的确诊患儿粪便中可分离到具有感染活性的EV71;最长排毒时间为39d.密切接触儿童中有22.00％(11/50)在采取“两周闭园”措施后开园第1～3周也可分离到EV71活病毒,其检出距同班首例患儿发病的最长时间为49d.结论 EV71可引起相当数量隐性感染,且在患者和/或隐性感染者粪便中较长时间排出,“两周闭园”措施对阻断EV71的传播作用有限.%Objective To investigate the carriage status among HFMD patients with EV71 and their close contacts,and explore affecting factors for continuing circulation of EV71 ;in order to provide evidence for prevention and control of HFMD.Methods Serial samples of 18 definitely diagnosed HFMD cluster cases and their 50 close contacts,were traced and collected within the interval of 1 to 2 weeks,respectively.RD cells were used for enterovirus isolation and real-time RT-PCR for EV71 specific nucleotide.Results live EV71 have been detected in feces from 38.89％ (7/18) cases within 3rd ～6th weeks after onset,the longest excretion time of live EV71 through stool was 39 days post-onset.22.00％ (11/50) close contacts through 1st ～3rd weeks after the two-week kindergarten suspension,showed also live EV71 in samples,the longest duration of shedding for fecal specimens observed was 49 days since the date of onset for first case in their class.Conclusions EV71 may result in large proportion of asymptomatic infections,and may continuously shed from feces of HFMD patients after recovery for a relatively long period.The intervention effectivehess of “two-week kindergarten suspension” is limited in controlling transmission of EV71.
  • 摘要：目的 查明此次水痘疫情暴发的传染来源、传播途径和感染危险因素,为有效防控疫情提供科学依据.方法 本次暴发调查的病例定义为:2010年11月7日以来,尼玛县吉瓦乡四村当贡自然村的村民中,出现发热(腋下温度≥37.3℃或自述发热者)伴有皮疹者.应用调查问卷搜集病例信息,主要内容包括基本信息(年龄、性别、住址)、发病时间、临床症状、就诊情况、疾病史和疫苗接种史等.采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测3份健康者血清和8份现症病例血清水痘IgM抗体.结果 此次疫情共发现15例病例,罹患率为20.5％,其中成人发病10例,罹患率为17.9％.死亡病例3例,病死率为20.0％,均为成人病例且出现呼吸困难等并发症.3例死亡病例均有10年以上结核病史,其他病例无相关疾病史,所有病例均无水痘疫苗接种史.3份健康者血清水痘IgM抗体均为阴性,8份现症病例血清中7份为阳性.结论 易感性积累、水痘疫苗覆盖率低可能是此次疫情暴发的原因,而结核病导致的机体免疫力低下、严重并发症以及未及时有效治疗可能是导致成年病例死亡的主要原因.%Objective To indentify the source of the outbreak,mode of transmission and risk factors for outbreak of varicella.Methods A probable case was one with fever and rash since November 7 in 2010.The cases were investigated on demographic information,dates of onset,clinical symptoms,history of disease and varicella vaccination.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was implied to test the IgM antibody of the serum of three healthy people and eight new cases.Results We found 15 cases,and the attack rate was 20.5％.10 of them were adult cases,and the attack rate was 17.9％.There were 3 dealths,and they were all adult patients with the serious complications.The three dealths had the history of tuberculosis,but not in the others.All cases had no history of varicella vaccination.The IgM antibody of the serum of 3 healthy people were negative,and 7 of the 8 eight new cases were positive.Conclusion The accumulation of susceptibility,low level of coverage rate of varicella vaccination might be the reasons for the outbreak.Hypoimmunity caused by tuberculosis,serious complications and having no effective treatment should be the reasons for dealth in adult cases.
  • 摘要：目的 探讨献血员感染乙肝病毒(HBV)血清学标志的表现模式.方法 利用酶联免疫吸附试验( EUSA)以AlisA多功能全自动酶联免疫快速分析仪进行检测.荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测HBVDNA.设定HBV血清学标记检测项目序号,并以出现阳性项目的序号为该模式的代码.结果 139份乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)灰区及阳性献血者样本乙肝血清学标记模式有28种,以14567,0,02,145,13567模式为主,占66,91％；另可见15种特殊模式,其中11种为HBsAg灰区表现模式,部分献血员HBsAg灰区人群HBVDNA阳性；检测出44例HBVDNA阳性样本(31.65％),其血清学标记模式有16种.结论 献血员感染HBV血清免疫学标记的模式较为复杂,应重视对献血员乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)灰区人群的研究.%Objective To explore the pattern of serologic markers of blood donor infected with HBV.Method Serologic markers were detected by ELISA assay using AlisA multi-function automate analyzer.HBV DNA was tested by real time PCR.To simplify the illustration,the seven serologic markers including HBsAg grey zone,HBsAg,HBsAb,HBeAg,HBeAb,HBcAb,Pre - Sl and Pre-S2 were designated respectively as“0”,“1”,“2”,“3”,“4”,“5”,“6”and “7”.The code of the positive serologic markers was used to represent the pattern of serologic markers.Results There are 28 patterns of serologic markers in 139 HBsAg non-negative blood donors with the major patterns of “14567”,“0 ”,“02”,“ 145 ”,“ 13567”(66.91％ ).We also found 15 unique patterns,of which 11 patterns with grey zone of HBsAg.HBVDNApositive samples were found in some blood donors with grey zone of HBsAg.16 patterns of serologic markers were found in 44 HBVDNA-positive samples (31.65％) of 139 HBsAg non-negative blood donors.Conclusion The patterns of serologic markers are complex.Study of grey zone of HBsAg in blood donors should be valued.
  • 摘要：新生儿胆道闭锁( biliary atresia,BA)是一种新生儿出生时或出生后几周内出现肝内胆管、肝管或胆总管发生闭锁或不发育的胆道破坏性疾病[1].该病在我国和日本的发病率要高于欧美地区[1],其临床表现为不同程度的持续性黄疸、陶土色粪便、浓茶样尿和肝脾肿大,晚期会出现胆汁性肝硬化、腹水、腹壁静脉曲张和凝血障碍,绝大多数患儿最终需进行肝移植手术,如不进行有效治疗,最终可因肝硬化、肝衰竭或严重的血凝障碍而导致死亡.
  • 摘要：Objective To describe the epidemiological features of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis cases (AHC) in Shi-fang city of Si-chuan province,and raise effective measures to prevent AHC.Methods Data of AHC cases and outbreaks in Shi-fang were collected and analyzed for their epidemiology features with SPSS software.Results From 2006 to 2010,a total of 1899 cases of AHC were confirmed,most of them were peasants and students.Mean age was 29.51 ± 19.03 ( range 1 day ～ 91 years),with a sex ratio of 1.46 ∶ 1,and all of them were local cases.Most of the cases visited doctors'office after they falled ill for 0-2 days (89.78％,1705/1899).AHC incidence rate kept at a stable level (incidence rate ＜ 5/105) during 2006 to 2009,AHC incidence rate reached a onset peak in 2010 (incidence rate 412.51/105,192.76 fold of 2009).The top three incidence rate was from He-feng town (1972.52/105,suburb),Bing-chuan town (1075.27/105,countryside) and Shi-gu town (885.04/105,countryside).Conclusion Our data indicated that cases of AHC reached the peak value in 2010 in Shifang city.Most of the cases were peasants and students.We should carry out health education to decrease the onset risk of AHC prevalence.Moreover,it is important to strengthen the surveillance of AHC aetiology.%目的 分析2006 - 2010年四川省什邡市急性出血性结膜炎(Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis,AHC)病例流行病学特征,为防控措施调整提出建议.方法 采用SPSS软件,分析什邡市AHC散发病例和暴发疫情流行病学特征.结果 2006-2010年,什邡市累计报告1899名AHC病例,患者职业主要为农民和学生,年龄1天～91岁(平均年龄29.51±19.03岁),男女性别比1.46∶1,均为本市感染病例.病例多在发病0-2天内就诊(89.78％,1705/1899).2006-2009年什邡市AHC发病水平平稳(AHC发病率＜5/10万),2010年出现AHC发病高峰(发病率412.51/10万,为2009年的192.76倍).发病率居前三位的乡镇分别为禾丰镇(1972.52/10万,近郊)、冰川镇(1075.27/10万,农村)和师古镇(885.04/10万,农村).结论 2010年什邡市AHC流行达到高峰,病例职业以农民和学生为主,建议每年AHC流行前对高危人群开展健康教育,以降低发生AHC暴发和流行的风险,此外还应开展AHC病原学监测.
  • 摘要：Objective To analyze the surveillance of 157 hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) close contacts in Xicheng District of Beijing in 2010.Methods A descriptive epidemiologic analysis was made on the data of 157 HFMD close contacts from HFMD epidemics in Xicheng District of Beijing in 2010.Results The total positive rate of 157 HFMD close contacts specimens was 21.0％,and the highest positive rate was 38.5％ which was tested in July,and there was no significant difference in different gender and careers (P ＞ 0.05 ).The positive rate tested in stool was higher than in throat swabs (P ＜ 0.05 ).Difference of throat swabs specimens positive rate in different test time interval (0 day,1 day,2 days and above) were statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Asymptomatic to apparent infection ratio is 1.6∶ 1.The proportion of CoxA16,EV71 and other enterovirus in positive specimens was 36.4％,12.1％,51.5％ respectively.Conclusion It is necessary to enhance HFMD close contacts management to prevent local outbreaks from happening.%目的 分析2010年北京市西城区手足口病密切接触者病原学监测结果.方法 收集2010年北京市西城区手足口病暴发、聚集性疫情相关手足口病例密切接触者流行病学信息及病原学检测结果,采用Epi Info3.5.1进行统计分析.结果 157例密切接触者便标本、咽拭子标本手足口病毒核酸检测总阳性率21.0％,其中以7月份最高(38.5％)；检测阳性率在不同性别和职业间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),便标本检测阳性率高于咽拭子标本(P＜0.05),咽拭子标本检测时间间隔0天的检测阳性率高于间隔1天和2天及以上(P＜0.05),无症状感染与显性感染比例为1.6∶1,阳性标本中CoxA16、EV71、肠道病毒未分型构成比分别为36.4％、12.1％、51.5％.结论 手足口病患者密切接触者肠道病毒感染率较高,有必要加强手足口病密切接触者的管理,减少续发病例出现.
  • 摘要：目的 探讨北京市2009年甲型H1N1流感发病时空分布特征,为传染病预防控制提供理论依据.方法 利用SaTScan8.0软件进行时空扫描分析,通过ArcGIS8.3软件呈现甲型H1N1流感时空聚集区域.结果 按照7天、14天、30天,50％的时间周期进行单纯时间扫描分析,结果显示甲型H1N1流感发病在9月4日-12月17日,10月16日至22日,10月16日至29日,10月9日-11月5日呈现聚集.单纯空间扫描发现以丰台区卢沟桥地区为中心,半径为4.59千米的区域,甲型H1N1流感发病异常增多,为最可能聚集区域,实际发生甲型H1N1流感1474例,理论病例数为681.43例,LLY值为681.43,RR=1.78,P＜0.001,差异有统计学意义.在时空扫描分析上,不同时间周期均扫描到一个最可能聚集区域,位于北京城区西南,在以15.50～22.65千米为半径的区域内,主要发生在10月16日至11月5日之间,另外还发现次要聚集区域位于北京市东北郊区,以38.30 ～67.31千米为半径范围内的区域,发病时间主要为10月9日至22日.结论 北京市甲型H1N1流感发病不是随机分布的,存在明显时间、空间和时空聚集性.时空扫描分析方法可以非常好地应用于北京市甲型H1N1流感高发重点区域分析,为今后传染病预防控制,提供了参考依据.%Objective To examine the temporal and spatial distrbution of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 and to provide evidence for disease prevention and control.Methods SaTScan8.0 software was used to conduct space-time scan statistic,and influenza A (H1N1) 2009 clusters were showed by ArcGIS8.3 software.Results From September 4 to December 17,October 16 to October 22,October 16 to October 29,October 9 to November 5,the cluster was showed by Temporal scan statistic with different time period of 7 days,14 days,30 days,50％.Influenza A ( H1N1 ) 2009 had high incidence.According the Marco Polo Bridge in Fengtai district for the center,a radius of 4.59 kilometer area was considered as the most likely cluster.The incidence of influenza A ( H1N1 ) 2009 increased abnormally,and 1474 cases of influenza A( H1N1 ),expected cases is 681.43,RR =1.78,P ＜0.001 with statistical significance.The most likely cluster was identified with different time periods by space-time scan statistic.It located in the southwest of Beijing city in a radius of 15.50-22.65 kilometer area from the October 16 to November 5.Furthermore,Secondary clusters were found in the northeast of Beijing,in a radius of 38.30-67.31 kilometer area,from October 9 to October 22.Conclusions The distribution of Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in Beijing is not random,there are significant clusters in time and space.Space-time scan statistic is fit to analyze the clusters of influenza A ( H1N1 ) 2009 in Beijing.Useful information can be provided for future disease prevention and control.
  • 摘要：Objective To construct a proper model to predict the peak of influenza activity in 2011 -2012 flu season.Methods Influenza virus surveillance information in flu seasons from 2007 to 2010,collected by etiological surveillance of influenza in Beijing,were selected and used as the baseline data.Grey Model ( GM( 1,1 ) ),autoregressive equation(AR) and binomial equation were developed and validated based on the ratio of posterior deviation and coefficient of determination.The selected model and parameters were used to predict the influenza activity in 2011- 2012 flu season.Results GM (1,1) predictionequation was Y,=38 -37.78 e-0.01t where C =0.89 with pcor fitting.AR(1) equation was Yi =0.07 + 0.77 Yi-1 where R2 =0.58.The equation was statistically significant (P ＜0.001 ).AR(2) equation was Yi =0.09 + 0.94 Yi-1 -0.23 Yi-2 where R2 =0.58.The equation was statistically insignificant (P=0.24).The binomial equation was Y =-0.06x2 + 1.95x + 22.46 where R2 =0.92.The equation was regarded as the best model to predict the peak activity in 2011 - 2012 season.The predictive peak of positive rate would be appearing in the 48th week of 2011,and the maximum positive rate was expected as 37.67％.Conclusion The binomial equation was the most appropriate model in predicting the intensity of influenza activity.%目的 建立适合的统计模型预测2011 - 2012流感流行季流感病毒活动强度.方法 采集2007年至2010年北京市流感病原学监测数据中流感高发季节(当年9月份至次年4月份)的数据做为模拟方程的基线数据,分别应用灰色模型GM(1,1)、自回归方程和二项式方程模拟流感病毒分离率的变化趋势,根据后验差比值和方程的决定系数选择最佳模型,并用选定的模型和参数对2011 -2012流感流行季流感病毒活动强度进行预测.结果 灰色模型GM(1,1)的预测方程为Y1=38 -37.78 e-0.01t,C =0.89,方程拟合效果较差；一阶自回归方程为Yi＝0.07+0.77 Yi-1,R2=0.58,方程有统计学意义(P ＜0.001)；二阶自回归方程为Yi=0.09+ 0.94Yi-1 -0.23 Yi-2,R2=0.59,方程无统计学意义(p=0.24).二项式方程Y=-0.06x2+ 1.95x+22.46,R2=0.92,为预测2011 - 2012流感病毒活动强度的最佳方程,预测2011 -2012流感流行季流感病毒活动高峰将出现在2011年第48周,病毒分离率的最大预测值为37.67％.结论 综合流感病毒分离率变化的周期性趋势,二项式方程能较好地对其模拟,从而对流感病毒活动强度进行预测.
  • 摘要：Objective To investigate the immunological level against pandemic ( H1N1 ) 2009 in Beijing.Methods Subjects were randomly selected from natural populations at four different periods in Beijing from Jan 2010 to Apr 2011,and samples were tested by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assays.Positive rate of protective antibody against 2009 H1N1 and Geometric mean titers (GMTs) were estimated.Results 18264 subjects participated in this survey,and 5456 were positive of HI antibody against pandemic virus.The antibody level in the population is low; the antibody titer of 41.61％ positive cases was 1:40..Significant difference on rates of protective antibody and GMTs among various age groups were observed in the same period ( P ＜ 0.05 ),and similar results were observed among different periods in the same age group ( P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences on rates of protective antibody and GMTs among different areas and different occupational groups.Conclusion Above 25％ of the population in Beijing has protective antibody against pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus,and the immunological barrier has been constituted to some extent.However,the antibody level is low.%目的 了解和掌握北京市不同人群对甲型H1N1流感的免疫水平.方法 在2010年1月-2011年4月期间,四次采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,在北京市六个区分年龄组随机选取调查对象进行问卷调查,并采集血清标本进行甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体检测.结果 共选取调查对象18264名.5456名(28.9％)调查对象体内甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体为阳性.总体人群甲型H1N1流感抗体滴度主要集中在1:40-1:320,其中抗体滴度为1:40的人数占总体阳性数的比例达41.61％.同一时间点不同年龄组间、同一年龄组的不同时间点间,血凝抑制(HI)保护性抗体阳性率、抗体GMT水平比较的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HI保护性抗体阳性率和抗体GMT存在地区差异(P＜0.05).不同职业人群间HI保护性抗体阳性率和抗体GMT水平比较差异存在统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 目前北京市人群中已有超过25％的人群具有甲型H1N1流感病毒保护性抗体,甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种与HI抗体阳性存在相关性,普通人群中已经建立了一定的免疫屏障,但抗体滴度水平较低.
  • 摘要：目的 探讨2009年北京市甲型H1N1流感发病的地理区域相关性和聚集性,为今后传染病发病的空间自相关性分析提供参考依据.方法 利用OpenGeoDa 1.0.1软件进行空间全局和局部自相关性分析,呈现2009年甲型H1N1流感空间聚集区域.结果 2009年北京市甲型H1N1流感发病分布不是随机的,呈现显著的空间聚集,即高发病区与高发病区邻接,低发病区与低发病区邻接,表现出一定的空间自相关性.全局空间自相关Moran's I值为0.3685,P=0.001.局部空间自相关分析发现丰台、海淀一些乡镇街道,为甲型H1N1流感发病和播散的高风险区域,密云、平谷等一些区域为低发病区域.结论 空间自相关分析探索疾病发生的地理区域相关性,有助于加深对传染病发病空间分布模式和扩散趋势的认识.%Objective To examine the spatial distribution and cluster of H1N1 influenza 2009 in Beijing,and to provide evidence for spatial autocorrelation of disease in future.Methods OpenGeoDa 1.0.1 software was used to conduct global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial autocorrelation,and in?uenza A( H1N1 ) 2009 clusters were showed by ArcGIS8.3 software.Results The distribution of in? uenza A (H1N1) 2009 cases is not random,with a significant spatial aggregation.The locations of high incidence are adjacent to high incidence areas,the low incidence are adjacent to low incidence areas.The correlation between H1N1 positive case and different locations are significant,with a Moran' s I of 0.3685,P =0.001.Some sub-districts of Fengtai and Haidian county have high incidence and high-risk to spread of H1N1 influenza 2008.Some areas of Miyun and Pinggu county are low incidence areas.Conclusions Exploring the correlation between cases and different locations in spatial autocorrelation analysis are helpful to understand the distribution and the spread trend of infectious disease.
  • 摘要：Objective To estimate the excess numbers of influenza-like illness cases attributed to influenza by Serfling regression model during 2007 to 2011 in Beijing.Methods We obtained weekly numbers of influenza-like illness cases in Grade 2 or 3 hospitals from a city level surveillance system,“Early warning system for infectious disease in medical institutions in Beijing”.The excess numbers of influenzalike illness cases attributed to influenza were assessed by Serfling regression model.Results There were 6,3,19 and 8 epidemic weeks in season 2007/2008,2008/2009,2009/2010 and 2010/2011,respectively,including 52 nd-4 th week in season 2007/2008,51st- 1st week in season 2008/2009,37 th-38 th and 42 nd-6th week in season 2009/2010,and 48th-3rd week in season 2010/2011.The excess numbers of influenza-like illnesscases attributed to influenza were 41905 (95％ CI:21541-62265),17936 (95％ CI:7747-28124),226150 (95％ CI:162531-289768) and 40083 (95％ CI:13013-67154),and accounted for 44.75％(95％ CI:23.00-66.49％),37.93％ (95％ CI:16.38-58.47％),50.01％ (95％ CI:35.94-64.08％ ) and 27.89％ (95％ CI:8.05-46.73％ ) of all influenza-like illness cases in season 2007/2008,2008/2009,2009/2010 and 2010/2011,respectively.Conclusion There were hundreds of thousands of excess influenza-like illness cases and outpatient services attributed to influenza pandemic every year estimated by this model.%目的 构建Serfling回归模型,估计北京市2007-2011年流行性感冒(简称流感)相关的超额流感样病例数.方法 使用“北京市医疗机构传染病监测预警系统”中二级以上医院流感样病例周数据,拟合Seffling回归模型,估计超额流感样病例数.结果 2007/2008、2008/2009、2009/2010和2010/2011年度各有6、3、19和8个流行周,包括有2007/2008年度第524周、2008/2009年度第51-1周、2009/2010年度第37-38周和第42-6周、2010/2011年度第48-3周.2007/2008、2008/2009、2009/2010和2010/2011年度流行周的超额流感样病例数分别为41905(95％ CI:21541～62265)、17936(95％ CI:7747～28124)、226150(95％ CI:162531 ～289768)和40083(95％ CI:13013～67154)人,占同期全部流感样病例数的44.75％ (95％ CI:23.00 ～ 66.49％)、37.93％ (95％ CI:16.38～58.47％)、50.01％ (95％ CI:35.94 ～64.08％)和27.89％ (95％ CI:8.05 ～46.73％).结论 应用本模型估算,北京市每年在流感季节性流行期间和大流行期间,流感病毒均可造成数万至数十万的超额流感样病例和超额门诊就诊量.
  • 摘要：Objects To explore the efficiency of Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) and Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) for detecting the onset of the epidemic of pandemic H1N1 2008.Methods Influenza like-illness (ILI) surveillance data was analyzed to detect the onset week of the epidemic of pandemic H1N1 2009,using the model of CUSUM and EWMA.The results were compared with the gold standard at different combination of parameter values.Results The 41 st week was considered as onset of the epidemic of pandemic H1N1 2009 according to the gold standard based on the results from influenza virologic surveillance data.Both CUSUM and EWMA triggered the signal before the 42nd week.Differences in performances were observed as parameter values changed.Conclusions The parameter values of CUSUM and EWMA had a correlation to their performances.CUSUM and EWMA could be used for detecting the onset of the epidemic of pandemic H1N1 2008.%目的 探讨累计和( CUSUM)和指数加权移动平均(EWMA)模型探测甲型H1 N1流感流行起始的功效.方法 利用北京市2009年流感样病例监测数据,分别采用CUSUM和EWMA模型对数据进行分析,与流感病原学监测数据进行对比,分析了不同参数组合下2种模型探测甲型H1N1流感流行起始的效果.结果 流感病原学监测显示2009年北京市甲型H1N1流感流行的起始时间为第41周,而CUSUM和EWMA模型均能在第42周之前发出预警信号；参数不同,CUSUM和EWMA模型的预警功效亦不同.结论 CUSUM和EWMA模型参数值与其预警功效有关,CUSUM和EWMA模型可用于探测甲型H1N1流感流行的起始.
  • 摘要：目的 探讨SEIR模型预测甲型H1N1流感流行趋势的功效.方法 利用国庆前北京市流感样病例数、流感样病例中甲型H1N1流感阳性率及二级以上医院流感样病例就诊率等参数估算甲型H1N1流感实际感染人数,基于传染病传播动力学,建立SEIR模型,对国庆后甲型H1N1流感的流行趋势及高峰达到时间进行预测,与甲型H1N1流感病原学监测结果进行比较,评价模型的预测效果.结果 经SEIR模型估算,2009年北京市甲型H1N1流感的平均潜伏期约为1.51天,平均感染期为2.12天,基本再生数为1.28.病原学监测结果显示:2009年甲型H1N1流感于11月初达到高峰,而SEIR模型预测2009年甲型H1N1流感最晚将于12月4日达到高峰.结论 SEIR模型可根据流感流行的初期监测数据预测其未来流行趋势.%Objective To explore the efficiency of SEIR model(susceptible,exposed,infectious and recovered model) for predicting the trend of pandemic H1N1 2008.Methods Data of the number of influenza-like illness cases(ILIs),pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 positive rate among ILIs and rate on clinical visit of ILIs before National Day ( October 1 ) were collected and analyzed to develop SEIR model for predicting the trend of pandemic H1N1 2009 after National Day,based on dynamics of infectious disease transmission.The results were compared with the results from and pandemic H1N1 2009 virologic surveillance data to evaluate the efficiency of SEIR model.Results The mean incubation period of pandemic H1N1 2009 was estimated 1.51 days,with a mean duration of infectiousness of 2.12 days,and a mean basic reproductive number of 1.28.As shown in the virologic surveillance data,pandemic H1N1 2009 peaked in early November.However,SEIR model predicted that pandemic H1N1 2009 would peak no later than December 4th.Conclusion SEIR model could be developed to predict the trend of pandemic influenza based on the early surveillance data.
  • 摘要：目的 了解2009年流感大流行后北京市普通人群流感相关知识、行为和技能的现况,为北京市未来制定流感防控策略提供依据.方法 在2011年1月期间,采用多阶段分层整群系统抽样的方法,在北京市6个区县抽取普通人群作为调查对象,采用统一标准的调查问卷进行调查.结果 共有13286名调查对象参与了本次调查,其中城区6442名(48.5％).在知识方面,仅有36.2％的调查对象掌握发热体温标准,且以60岁以上年龄组的比例最低(32.2％),不同年龄组和地区间差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001).仅有45.6％的调查对象认为接种流感疫苗对预防流感最有效.在行为方面,有93.5％的调查对象在公共场所咳嗽或打喷嚏时会遮挡,然而有11.9％的60岁以上老年人不会遮挡.当自己或他人因出现流感样症状前往医院就诊时,有50.1％的调查对象几乎不或从不戴口罩.在所有调查对象中,2008年、2009年和2010年流感疫苗的接种比例分别为18.1％、23.4％和18.7％,且以60岁以上老年人的接种比例最高(P ＜0.001).在技能方面,分别有48.1％和47.5％的调查对象能全部看懂药品说明书和血常规化验单,有76.4％的调查对象能正确使用体温计,且皆以60岁以上老年人和郊区调查对象的比例最低(P ＜0.001).结论 2009年流感大流行后北京市普通人群已经正确掌握了部分流感相关知识、行为和技能,然而在某些方面仍有待进一步提高,尤其对于老年人与郊区人群.%Objective To examine the current status of knowledge,practice and skill related to influenza in the general population of Beijing after pandemic ( H1N1 ) 2009,and provide scientific evidences for strategy of influenza prevention and control in Beijing.Methods During January,2011,based on multiple-stage stratified cluster systematic sampling technique,subjects were selected from the general population dwelling in six districts of Beijing,and the survey was conducted using a standardized questionnaire.Results A total of 13286 subjects participated in the survey,and 6442 (48.5％) were selected from urban districts.With regards to knowledge,only 36.2％ of the participants were aware of the criteria of fever,and the proportion in the elderly ≥60 years was lowest (32.2％ ),and there were significant difference between age groups and between urban and rural districts (P ＜0.001 ).About 45.6％ of the participants regarded influenza vaccination as the most efficient measure for preventing influenza.In terms of practice,around 93.5％ of the participants covered mouths and noses when they coughed or sneezed in the public place,but 11.9％ of the elderly remained not to cover.About 50.1％ of the participants seldom or never wore masks when they went to hospitals due to influenza-like illness in themselves or others.The uptake rates of influenza vaccination in 2008,2009 and 2010 reached 18.1％,23.4％ and 18.7％,respectively,with the rate in the elderly being highest ( P ＜0.001 ).With respect to skill,about 48.1％ and 47.5％ of the participants were able to understand instruction of medicine and results of blood routine test,respectively.Around 76.4％ were able to use thermometer properly,and the proportions in the elderly and the participants in rural districts were lowest ( P ＜ 0.001 ).Conclusions After pandemic ( H1N1 ) 2009,the general population in Beijing have some correct knowledge,practices and skills related to influenza,however improvement is being in need in terms of some aspects,particularly in the elderly and the population in rural districts.
  • 摘要：HBcrAg包括HBcAg、HBeAg、p22cr蛋白,在HBV感染中具有重要的临床意义.本文旨在对近年来HBcrAg的概念、检测方法及其在乙型肝炎诊治中的检测意义等方面的进展作一综述.

    国际病毒学杂志的期刊信息

    • 曾用名：国外医学:病毒学分册;国外医学（病毒学分册）;国外医学(病毒学分册);国外医学.病毒学分册;国外医学：病毒学分册
    • 创刊时间：1994
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