Biodiesel from green energy source is gaining tremendous attention for ecofriendly and economically aspect. In this investigation, a two-step process was developed for the production of biodiesel from microalgae S pirulina maxima and determined best operating conditions for the steps. In the first stage, acid esterification was conducted to lessen acid value (AV) from 10.66 to 0.51 mgKOH/g of the feedstock and optimal conditions for maximum esterified oil yielding were found at molar ratio 12:1, temperature 60°C, 1% (wt%) H 2 SO 4 , and mixing intensity 400?rpm for a reaction time of 90?min. The second stage alkali transesterification was carried out for maximum biodiesel yielding (86.1%) and optimal conditions were found at molar ratio 9:1, temperature 65°C, mixing intensity 600?rpm, catalyst concentration 0.75% (wt%) KOH for a reaction time of 20?min. Biodiesel were analyzed according to ASTM standards and results were within standards limit. Results will helpful to produce third generation algal biodiesel from microalgae Spirulina maxima in an efficient manner. Graphical abstract Lowest AV with max. esterified oil yield (43%) at 12:1, 1% H 2 SO 4 , 60°C and 400?rpm for 90?min. Max. yield of biodiesel (86.1%) at 9:1, 65°C, 0.75% KOH, and 600?rpm. Display Omitted.
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机译：来自绿色能源的生物柴油在生态友好和经济方面受到了极大的关注。在这项调查中，开发了一种由两步工艺来从微藻S. pirulina maxima生产生物柴油，并确定了该步骤的最佳操作条件。在第一步中，进行酸酯化以将酸值（AV）从10.66降低至0.51 mgKOH / g原料，并且在摩尔比为12：1，温度60°C，1％的条件下找到了最大酯化油收率的最佳条件。 （wt％）H 2 SO 4，混合强度为400 rpm，反应时间为90 min。为了使生物柴油的最大产率（86.1％）进行第二阶段的碱基酯交换反应，并在摩尔比为9：1，温度为65°C，混合强度为600？rpm，催化剂浓度为0.75％（wt％）KOH的条件下找到了最佳条件。反应时间为20分钟。根据ASTM标准对生物柴油进行了分析，结果在标准范围内。结果将有助于有效地从微藻螺旋藻生产第三代藻类生物柴油。图形摘要最低AV，最大在12：1、1％H 2 SO 4，60°C和400？rpm的条件下，酯化油的收率（43％）持续90分钟。最高在9：1、65°C，0.75％KOH和600？rpm的条件下，生物柴油的收率（86.1％）。显示省略。
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