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Revisiting the role of top-down and bottom-up controls in stabilisation of nutrient-rich plankton communities

机译:重新探讨自上而下和自下而上的控制在稳定营养丰富的浮游生物群落中的作用

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摘要

Understanding the conditions for successful control of phytoplankton by zooplankton in eutrophic ecosystems is a highly important research area with a wide implementation of mathematical modelling. Theoretical models generally predict destabilisation of food webs in eutrophic environments with large-amplitude oscillations of population densities which would eventually result in species extinction. On the other hand, these theoretical predictions are often at odds with ecological observations demonstrating stable dynamics even for a high nutrient load. This apparent discrepancy is known in the literature as Rosenzweig's "paradox of enrichment". Recent theoretical works emphasize a crucial role of spatial heterogeneity in successful top-down control in eutrophic environment; however, the interplay between the top-down and bottom-up mechanisms as well as the role of animal movement in system stabilisation are still unclear. Here we extend previous theoretical studies on plankton interactions by considering the important scenario where main consumers of phytoplankton are mesozooplankton (large grazers) with a slow reproduction timescale compared to their fast movement across the column. By exploring a system of integro-differential equations, we find that stabilisation of plankton dynamics in nutrient-rich waters occurs even when the functional response of grazers shows a pronounced saturation, which is impossible for a well-mixed system. Unlike previous findings, we show that accumulation and feeding of zooplankton at depths with higher phytoplankton density can be a destabilising factor. We find that the interplay between the two different types of light attenuation in the water - the algal self-shading and water adsorption - can result in high amplitude oscillations of plankton densities, whereas each mechanism alone acts as a stabilising factor. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译:了解在富营养化生态系统中由浮游动物成功控制浮游植物的条件是一个高度重要的研究领域,广泛地应用了数学建模。理论模型通常会预测在富营养化环境中食物网的不稳定,其种群密度会出现大幅波动,最终会导致物种灭绝。另一方面,这些理论预测常常与生态观测相矛盾,即使对于高养分含量,生态观测也显示出稳定的动力。这种明显的差异在文学上被称为罗森茨威格的“致富悖论”。最近的理论工作强调了空间异质性在富营养化环境中成功的自顶向下控制中的关键作用。但是,自上而下和自下而上的机制之间的相互作用以及动物运动在系统稳定中的作用仍不清楚。在这里,我们通过考虑重要的情景来扩展先前对浮游生物相互作用的理论研究,在该情景中,浮游植物的主要消费者是中游浮游动物(大型放牧者),繁殖时间尺度较其在整个柱中的快速移动要慢。通过探索一个积分微分方程系统,我们发现即使在食草动物的功能性反应显示出明显的饱和度时,在营养丰富的水中浮游生物的动力学也会发生,这对于混合良好的系统是不可能的。与以前的发现不同,我们表明浮游植物在具有较高浮游植物密度的深度积累和觅食可能是破坏稳定的因素。我们发现,水中两种不同类型的光衰减之间的相互作用(藻类自遮光和水吸附)会导致浮游生物密度的高振幅振荡,而每种机制仅起稳定作用。 (C)2019 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation》 |2019年第12期|104885.1-104885.14|共14页
  • 作者单位

    Univ Leicester Dept Math Leicester LE1 7RH Leics England|Shirshov Inst Oceanol Moscow 117997 Russia;

    CNR IRIB Via Ugo La Malfa 153 I-90146 Palermo Italy;

    Univ Palermo Grp Interdisciplinary Theoret Phys Dipartimento Fis & Chim Emilio Segre Viale Sci Ed 18 I-90128 Palermo Italy|CNISM Unita Palermo Viale Sci Ed 18 I-90128 Palermo Italy|Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Sez Catania Catania Italy|Natl Res Lobachevsky State Univ Radiophys Dept Nizhnii Novgorod Russia;

    CNR IRIB Via Ugo La Malfa 153 I-90146 Palermo Italy|Univ Palermo Grp Interdisciplinary Theoret Phys Dipartimento Fis & Chim Emilio Segre Viale Sci Ed 18 I-90128 Palermo Italy|CNISM Unita Palermo Viale Sci Ed 18 I-90128 Palermo Italy;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Paradox of enrichment; Integro-differential equation; Plankton modelling; Ecosystem stability;

    机译:致富悖论;积分微分方程;浮游生物建模;生态系统稳定性;

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