Predictive proportional nonlinear control for stable-target tracking of a mobile robot: an experimental study

摘要

Two new types of control method have been developed based on model predictive control for stable-target tracking of a nonholonomic mobile robot. One method (Method 1) is a new nonlinear control method. This was developed based on model predictive control (predictive nonlinear control) to predict the next position of a mobile robot using the current velocities of the right and left wheels. This technique uses a tuning guideline in predictive nonlinear control. The other method (Method 2) is a combination of Method 1 and proportional control (predictive proportional nonlinear control). Method 2 involves a tuning guideline not only in a predictive nonlinear controller, but also in a proportional controller. In this technique, the selection of a tuning guideline in the proportional controller is enhanced, and thereby increases the control action in closed-loop responses. In Method 1, the nonlinear controller is derived from Liapunov stability theory, and is used to control the linear and angular velocities for locomotion control. Tuning parameters in the nonlinear controller (in Method 1) are selected to satisfy various design criteria, such as stability, performance, and robustness. Method 1 has certain limitations that result in a decrease of the performance criteria specified. Strong nonlinearities in the mobile robot system result in accumulated errors. To enhance performance further, we developed Method 2 as the solution for decreasing cumulative errors. Hence, the proportional controller is added to Method 1 in the closed-loop form in order to eliminate errors. The advantage of Method 2 is that it can cope with strong nonlinearities in the mobile vehicle system. The results of the performances of Method 1 and Method 2 are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of both methods, and also the better performance of Method 2. The two new methods are effective in stable-target tracking, yielding an increase in performance and stability.