• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史

您现在的位置：首页>美国卫生研究院文献>Toxicology Reports

期刊信息

  • 期刊名称：

    -

  • 刊频：
  • NLM标题：
  • iso缩写： -
  • ISSN： -

年度选择

更多>>

  • 排序：
  • 显示：
  • 每页：
全选（0）
<5/20>
共871条结果
  • 1.

    【2hr】Sympathomimetic amine compounds and hepatotoxicity: Not all are alike—Key distinctions noted in a short review

    包量

    机译 拟交感神经胺化合物与肝毒性：并非都一样—简短评论中指出了关键区别
    • 作者：Cyril Willson
    • 刊名：Toxicology Reports
    • 2019年第期
    摘要：Sympathomimetic amine compounds are often pooled together and incorrectly assumed to be interchangeable with respect to potential adverse effects. A brief and specific review of sympathomimetic compounds and one instance (i.e., hepatotoxicity) where these compounds have been improperly grouped together is covered. A review of the proposed mechanisms through which known hepatotoxic sympathomimetic agents (e.g., 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine or MDMA, methamphetamine and amphetamine) cause liver injury, along with a corresponding review of in vitro data, interventional data, animal model studies and observational data allow for a comparison/contrast of different agents and reveals a lack of potential toxicity for some agents (e.g., pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, ephedrine, 1,3-dimethylamylamine, phentermine) in this broad category. Data show that compounds within the broad group of sympathomimetics display divergent pharmacological and toxicological profiles and can be clearly distinguished with respect to liver injury. These data serve as a reminder to clinicians and others, that even small structural differences between molecules can lead to drastically different pharmacological/toxicological profiles and that one should not assume that all sympathomimetic agents are hepatotoxic. Such assumptions could lead to diagnostic errors and incorrect or insufficient treatment.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Risk assessment and exposure to levels of naturally occurring aflatoxins in some packaged cereals and cereal based foods consumed in Accra, Ghana

    包量

    机译 加纳阿克拉消费的一些包装谷物和谷类食品中的风险评估和暴露于天然黄曲霉毒素的水平
    摘要：Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungal origin that contaminate agricultural commodities before, during and after harvest periods. A total of fifty-three (53) different foods (27 rice brands, 20 cereal based food brands and 6 pasta brands) were randomly obtained from the market and assessed for their different aflatoxin constitution (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) as well as the total levels of the aflatoxins using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. For the rice grain category, RS4 recorded the highest aflatoxin quantities of 65.77, 19.27, 1.02 μg/kg for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 respectively and a total of 86.06 μg/kg which significantly differed (p < 0.05) from the other brands of foods. For the cereal based food category, CBS11 recorded the greatest quantities of 35.46, 4.92, 3.39 and 0.32 μg/kg for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 respectively and a total of 45.1 μg/kg. For the pasta category, PS1 recorded the greatest quantities of 0.94 and 0.85 μg/kg for AFB1 and AFB2 respectively. Total aflatoxin quantities detected in some foods were above the acceptable limits set by the European Union which makes them unsafe and dangerous for human consumption. Recorded Estimated Daily Intakes (EDI) and Hazard Indices (HI) values were in the range of 3.9 × 10-3 – 0.899 and 3.9 × 10-4 - 0.0899 respectively. The risk was low since HI values obtained were less than 1.
  • 3.

    【2hr】An imazamox-based herbicide causes apoptotic changes in rat liver and pancreas

    包量

    机译 一种基于Imazamox的除草剂可引起大鼠肝脏和胰腺的凋亡变化
    摘要：Keywords: Anti-insulin, Caspase 3, Imazamox, Immunohistochemistry, In situ hybridization

    Abstract

    We studied the acute toxicity of an imazamox-based herbicide at 12, 24 and 36 mg/kg body (bw) weight imazamox equivalent dose on the liver and pancreatic tissue in Sprague Dawley rats. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, glucose, calcium as well as creatinine, were determined in blood samples, which were collected after 24, 48 and 72 h exposure. Caspase 3 and anti-insulin expression and immunopositivity were evaluated using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The imazamox-based herbicide evaluated in this study induced toxic effects even from the lowest dose tested (12 mg/kg bw). The two highest doses caused a statistically significant cytotoxicity on the Langerhans islet cells. Necrotic and degenerative changes were detected in hepatocytes at the two highest doses. Imazamox is considered to be poorly toxic to the liver. Nevertheless, the imazamox-based herbicide formulation tested here reduced the size of the β-islet cells, induced an elevation in serum glucose and calcium. Our data shows that commercial formulations of imazamox containing various co-formulants can have hepatic and pancreatic toxic effects.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Preclinical evaluation of Amblyomin-X, a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor with antitumor activity

    包量

    机译 具有抗肿瘤活性的Kunitz型蛋白酶抑制剂Amblyomin-X的临床前评价
    摘要：Keywords: Amblyomin-X, Kunitz-type inhibitor, Toxicity, Preclinical

    Abstract

    Amblyomin-X, a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor, is a recombinant protein that selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells and promotes tumor reduction in vivo in melanoma animal models. Furthermore, Amblyomin-X was able to drastically reduce lung metastasis in a mice orthotopic kidney tumor model. Due to its antitumor activity, Amblyomin-X potential to become a new drug is currently under investigation, therefore the aim of the present study was to perform preclinical assays to evaluate Amblyomin-X toxicity in healthy mice. Exploratory toxicity assays have shown that treatment with 512 mg/kg of Amblyomin-X lead to animal mortality, therefore two groups of treatment were evaluated in the present work: in the acute toxicity assay, animals were injected once with doses ranging from 4 to 256 mg/kg of Amblyomin-X, while in the subacute toxicity assay, animals were injected with 0.25, 0.57 and 1 mg/kg of Amblyomin-X daily, during 28 days. Following this treatment regimens, Amblyomin-X did not cause any mortality; moreover, toxicity signs were discrete, reversible and observed only at the higher doses, thus establishing a safety profile for administration in mice, which can be further used to determine the dose translation of this novel drug candidate for treatment in other species.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Zinc oxide nanoparticles impose metabolic toxicity by de-regulating proteome and metabolome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    包量

    机译 氧化锌纳米颗粒通过调节酿酒酵母中的蛋白质组和代谢组来增强代谢毒性
    摘要：Keywords: ZnO-NP, S. cerevisiae, 2DE, 1H NMR, Metabolomics, qRT-PCR

    Abstract

    As zinc oxide nanoparticles are being increasingly used in various applications, it is important to assess their potential toxic implications. Stress responses and adaptations are primarily controlled by modulation in cellular proteins (enzyme) and concentration of metabolites. To date proteomics or metabolomics applications in nanotoxicity assessment have been applied to a restricted extent. Here we utilized 2DE and 1H NMR based proteomics and metabolomics respectively to delineate the toxicity mechanism of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in budding yeast S. cerevisiae. We found that the physiological and metabolic processes were altered in the S. cerevisiae upon ZnO-NPs exposure. Almost 40% proteins were down-regulated in ZnO-NPs (10 mg L−1) exposed cell as compared to control. Metabolomics and system biology based pathway analysis, revealed that ZnO-NPs repressed a wide range of key metabolites involved in central carbon metabolism, cofactors synthesis, amino acid and fatty acid biosynthesis, purines and pyrimidines, nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthetic pathways. These metabolic changes may be associated with the energy metabolism, antioxidation, DNA and protein damage and membrane stability. We concluded that untargeted proteomic and metabolic approaches provide more complete measurements and suggest probable molecular mechanisms of nanomaterials toxicity.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Screening of biopolymeric materials for cardiovascular surgery toxicity—Evaluation of their surface relief with assessment of morphological aspects of monocyte/macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis patients

    包量

    机译 筛选具有心血管手术毒性的生物聚合物材料—评估其表面起伏以及评估动脉粥样硬化患者单核细胞/巨噬细胞极化的形态方面
    摘要：Аbbreviation: AFM, atomic force microscopy; MN, monocytes; MOC, mononuclear cells; MPh, macrophages; MUC, multinucleated cells; PHAs, polyhydroxyalcanoates; P(3HB), poly-3-hydroxybutyrate; P(3HB/3HV), copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate; P(3HB/4HB), copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate; P(3HB/3HV/3HHx), copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyvalerate and 3-hydroxyhexanoate; P(3HB/3HV/4HB/3HHx), copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyvalerate, 4-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyhexanoate; SEM, scanning electron microscopyKeywords: Monocytes, Macrophages, Cell morphology, Polyhydroxyalkanoates, Atherosclerosis, Intravascular stenting

    Abstract

    The morphotypes of human macrophages (MPh) were studied in the culture on nano-structured biopolymer substrates, made from polyhydroxyalcanoates (PHAs) of five various monomer compositions, followed by the solvent evaporation. Its surface relief, which was further in direct contact with human cells in vitro, was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown, that the features of the micro/nano relief depend on the monomeric composition of the polymer substrates. Monocytes (MN) of patients with atherosclerosis and cardiac ischemia, undergoing stenting and conventional anti-atherosclerotic therapy, were harvested prior and after stenting. MN were isolated and cultured, with the transformation into MPh in direct contact with biopolymer culture substrates with different monomer composition and nano-reliefs, and transformed into MPh, in comparison with the same process on standard culture plastic. Sub-populations of cells with characteristic morphology in each phenotypic class were described, and their quantitative ratios for each sample of polymers were counted as an intermediate result in the development of “smart” material for cardiovascular devices.The results obtained allow us to assume, that the processes of MPh differentiation and polarization in vitro depend not only on the features of the micro/nano relief of biopolymer substrates, but also on the initial state of MN in vivo and general response of patients.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Gentamicin induced acute renal damage and its evaluation using urinary biomarkers in rats

    包量

    机译 庆大霉素诱导的急性肾损伤及其在大鼠中的尿生物标志物评估
    摘要：Consistent, sensitive biomarkers of acute kidney injury in animal models and humans have historically represented a poorly met need for investigators and clinicians. Detection of early kidney damage using urinary biomarkers is essential to assess the adversity in preclinical toxicology studies, which will help in reducing attrition of lead candidates in drug development. This study was undertaken to evaluate recently identified urinary biomarkers use in identifying acute kidney injury compared to traditional serum markers in experimentally induced nephrotoxicity in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in Sprague Dawley rats is commonly detected using serum markers and histological evaluation of kidneys. Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside was administered at 30 and 100 mg/kg/day dose (subcutaneous) for seven consecutive days to induce nephrotoxicity. On day 4 and day 8 post treatment, serum and urine samples from these rats were analyzed for traditional serum/urine and novel urinary biomarkers and microscopic evaluation of kidneys.On Day 4, no statistically significant change in serum BUN and creatinine level, but increase in urinary microalbumin (mALB) and urinary protein (UP) noticed in both doses of Gentamicin treated rats. On Day 8 significant increase in serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, UP and urinary mALB at 100 mg/kg/day, increase in total protein and decrease in albumin in 30 and 100 mg/kg/day and decrease in BUN and creatinine at 100 mg/kg of Gentamicin treated rats. The BUN and creatinine levels or fold change was comparable between control and 30 mg/kg of Gentamicin on Day 8, however, there was 5.6 and 3.4 fold change in BUN and Creatinine level noticed at 100 mg/kg/day of Gentamicin. On Day 4 and 8, significant increase in urinary levels of Clusterin was noted with animals administered both doses of Gentamicin. Similarly, significant increase in urinary levels of kidney injury molecule 1 (Kim-1), Cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were noticed with animals administered Gentamicin at 100 mg/kg/day on both Day 4 and 8. All these markers have shown dose-dependent change.Histological changes seen on Day 4 and Day 8 were of minimal to mild and moderate to severe in nature at both doses, respectively. The results demonstrated the sensitiveness and accuracy of detecting acute renal damage with novel urinary biomarkers, and their use in diagnosing early kidney damage. This helps in adversity assessment in animal toxicology studies and advocating right treatment to patients who have early renal injury which otherwise can only be diagnosed by elevated levels of traditional biomarkers in blood only after >30% of kidneys is damaged.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Chemical design and toxicity evaluation of new pyrimidothienotetrahydroisoquinolines as potential insecticidal agents

    包量

    机译 新型潜在的杀虫剂嘧啶并四氢异喹啉的化学设计和毒性评估
    摘要：Keywords: Pyrimidothienotetrahydroisoquinolines, Acetamiprid, Cowpea Aphid, Toxicity, Structure-activity relationships (SAR)

    Abstract

    Neonicotinoids are the most widely used from all existing pesticides. So, in purpose to discover new pesticides being more effective against the aphid, twelve heterocyclic compounds neonicotinoid analogs have been prepared in a pure state; pyrimidothienotetrahydroisoquinolines 1–12 and their toxicity as potential insecticidal agents against cowpea Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch was screened. Their characterizations by using spectroscopic analyses were performed. The toxicity data exhibited that the 8-chloropyrimidine compound 4 is more toxic about 2-fold than a reference insecticide, acetamiprid. The other screened compounds showed weak to strong toxicological activities against cowpea aphid.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Maximum tolerated doses and erythropoiesis effects in the mouse bone marrow by 79 pesticides’ technical materials assessed with the micronucleus assay

    包量

    机译 通过微核试验评估了79种农药技术材料对小鼠骨髓的最大耐受剂量和促红细胞生成作用
    摘要：Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval of the mean; mg/kg b.w., milligram per kilogram of body weight; MTD, maximum tolerated dose; NCE, normochromatic erythrocyte; PCE, polychromatic erythrocyte; Es, total erythrocytes; MN test, micronucleus testKeywords: Pesticides, Triazoles, Maximum tolerated doses, Erythropoiesis, Micronucleus test, Mice

    Abstract

    Effects of technical materials of pesticide active ingredients, belonging to various chemical classes, on erythropoiesis in mouse bone marrow were studied as part of the research on the pesticide mutagenic activity in micronucleus test. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the toxic action of the test substances on the target organ and the validity of the results of the micronucleus assay under conditions of erythropoiesis suppression.It was demonstrated that intragastrically administrated triazole pesticides reached bone marrow (target organ where micronucleus induction was assessed) and exerted an inhibitory effect on erythropoiesis. The effects of triazole pesticides were enhanced in the following order: difenoconazole ≤ tebuconazole < cyproconazole < flutriafol. Furthermore, an association between structural features of molecules and specific target organ activity of the test pesticides was observed.Based on the data on the general toxicity and the results of the evaluation of the effects on erythropoiesis, the maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) of 79 different technical materials of pesticides for CD-1 mice were determined.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Toxicity bioassay of waste cooking oil-based biodiesel on marine microalgae

    包量

    机译 废食用油基生物柴油对海洋微藻的毒性生物测定
    摘要：The world biodiesel production is increasing at a rapid rate. Despite its perceived safety for the environment, more detailed toxicity studies are mandatory, especially in the field of aquatic toxicology. While considerable attention has been paid to biodiesel combustion emissions, the toxicity of biodiesel in the aquatic environment has been poorly understood. In our study, we used an algae culture growth-inhibition test (OECD 201) for the comparison of the toxicity of B100 (pure biodiesel), produced by methanol transesterification of waste cooking oil (yellow grease), B0 (petroleum diesel fuel) and B20 (diesel-biodiesel blended of 20% biodiesel and 80% petroleum diesel fuel by volume). Two marine diatoms Attheya ussuriensis and Chaetoceros muelleri, the red algae Porphyridium purpureum and Raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo were employed as the aquatic test organisms. A sample of biodiesel from waste cooking oil without dilution with petroleum diesel (B100) showed the highest level of toxicity for the microalgae A. ussuriensis, C. muelleri and H. akashiwo, compared to hexane, methanol, petroleum diesel (B0) and diluted sample (B20). The acute EC50 in the growth-inhibition test (96 h exposure) of B100 for the four species was in the range of 3.75–23.95 g/L whereas the chronic toxicity EC50 (7d exposure) was in the range of 0.42–16.09 g/L.
  • 11.

    【2hr】Appropriate approach to technology in animal hematology

    包量

    机译 动物血液学技术的适当方法
    摘要：
  • 12.

    【2hr】Morphological and chemical composition of particulate matter in buses exhaust

    包量

    机译 公交车排气中颗粒物的形态和化学组成
    摘要：This research article investigates the particulate matter originated from the exhaust emissions of 20 bus models, within the territory of Vladivostok, Russian Federation. The majority of evaluated buses (17 out of 20) had emissions of large particles with sizes greater than 400 μm, which account for more than 80% of all measured particles. The analysis of the elemental composition showed that the exhaust emissions contained Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, with the concentration of Zn prevailing in all samples by two to three orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations of the other elements.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers of occupational exposure to low dose organic solvents

    包量

    机译 循环microRNAs作为职业性接触低剂量有机溶剂的潜在生物标志物
    摘要：Keywords: microRNA, Organic solvent, Occupational exposure, Biological monitoring

    Abstract

    Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently acknowledged as novel and non-invasive biomarkers of exposure to environmental and occupational hazardous substances. This preliminary study investigates the potential role of blood miRNAs as molecular biomarkers of exposure to the most common organic solvents (ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene) used in the shipyard painting activity. Despite the low number of recruited workers, a two-tail standard Students’ test with Holm-Bonferroni adjusted p-value shows a significant up-regulation of two miRNAs (miR_6819_5p and miR_6778_5p) in exposed workers with respect to controls. A correlation analysis between miRNA, differentially expressed in exposed workers and in controls and urinary dose biomarkers i.e. methylhyppuric acid (xylenes metabolite), phenylglyoxylic and mandelic acid (ethylbenzene metabolites) S-benzyl mercapturic acid (toluene metabolite) and S-phenylmercapturic acid (benzene metabolite) measured at the end of the work-shift, allowed the identification of high correlation (0.80-0.99) of specific miRNAs with their respective urinary metabolites. MiRNA_671_5p correlated with methylhippuric, S-phenylmercapturic and S-benzyl mercapturic acid while the miRNA best correlating with the phenylglioxylic acid was miRNA_937_5p. These findings suggest miRNA as sensitive biomarkers of low dose exposure to organic chemicals used at workplace. Urinary DNA and RNA repair biomarkers coming from the oxidation product of guanine have been also associated to the different miRNAs. A significant negative association was found between 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua) urinary concentration and miR_6778_5p. The findings of the present pilot study deserve to be tested on a larger population with the perspective of designing a miRNA based test of low dose exposure to organic solvents.
  • 14.

    【2hr】ROS mediated antibacterial activity of photoilluminated riboflavin: A photodynamic mechanism against nosocomial infections

    包量

    机译 ROS介导的光照射核黄素的抗菌活性：抵抗医院感染的光动力机制。
    摘要：Nosocomial infections are a major threat to modern therapeutics. The major causative agent of these infections is multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, which impart high morbidity and mortality rate. This has led to an urge for the development of new antibiotics. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is a promising strategy to which till date no resistant strain has been reported. Since the efficacy of photodynamic therapy largely depends on the selection and administration of an appropriate photosensitizer, therefore, the realization of clinically active photosensitizers is an immediate need. Here, by using E. coli as a study model we have demonstrated the antimicrobial photodynamic potential of riboflavin. Intracellular ROS formation by DCFH-DA assay, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, LDH activity was measured in treated bacterial samples. Enzymatic (SOD, CAT, GSH) antioxidants and non-enzymatic (GSH) was further evaluated. Bacterial death was confirmed by colony forming assay, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The treated bacterial cells exhibited abundant ROS generation and marked increment in the level of oxidative stress markers as well as significant reduction in LDH activity. Marked reduction in colony forming units was also observed. Optical microscopic and SEM images further confirmed the bacterial death. Thus, we can say that photoilluminated riboflavin renders the redox status of bacterial cells into a compromised state leading to significant membrane damage ultimately causing bacterial death. This study aims to add one more therapeutic dimension to photoilluminated riboflavin as it can be effectively employed in targeting bacterial biofilms occurring on hospital wares causing several serious medical conditions.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Toxicological profile of Amanita virosa – A narrative review

    包量

    机译 毒蝇伞的毒理学概况–叙事回顾
    摘要：Keywords: Mushroom poisoning, Epidemiology, Phalloidin, Amanitin, Amanita virosa

    Abstract

    Mushrooms account for a part of human diet due to their exquisite taste and protein content as well as their promising health effects unveiled by scientific research. Toxic and non-toxic mushrooms frequently share considerable morphological similarities, which mislead the collectors/consumers, resulting in mycotoxicity. Numerous mushroom species are considered “poisonous” as they produce dangerous toxins. For instance, members of the genus Amanita, especially A. phalloides, A. virosa and A. verna, are responsible for severe and even life-threatening noxious consequences. Globally, mushroom poisoning is a crucial healthcare issue as it leads to a considerable number of deaths annually. However, no definite antidote has been introduced to treat this poisoning. The present article discusses the characteristics of A. virosa in terms of epidemiology, mechanisms of toxicity, poisoning features and management.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Model of vitamin and mineral deficiency for toxicological research: Apoptosis activity under conditions of CCL4 intoxication

    包量

    机译 维生素和矿物质缺乏症的毒理学研究模型：CCL4中毒条件下的细胞凋亡活性
    摘要：Abbreviations: AIN, American Institute of Nutrition Rodent Diets; CCl4, carbon tetrachloride; LD50, median lethal doseKeywords: In vivo experiments, Biomarkers, Apoptosis, Wistar rats, CCl4, Vitamin deficiency, Mineral deficiency

    Abstract

    The apoptosis activity and clinical state in vitamin and mineral supplemented male Wistar rats was evaluated after carbon tetrachloride exposure (CCL4). The animals were divided equally into 6 groups (3 control groups and 3 exposure groups) with the control groups (C-75, C-30, C-19) receiving AIN-93, a specific diet for rodents, consisting of a 75%, 30% and 19% ratio of vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6) and minerals (Fe3+ and Mg2+) and exposure groups (E-75, E-30, E-19) receiving the same diet paradigm as with the control groups but with the additional CCL4 administered once a week as an olive oil solution (control groups received the same ratio of olive oil without CCL4) for a duration of 64 days.The systemic condition of the male Wistar rats was evaluated based on morphological parameters and hematological and biochemical analysis, whereas the apoptosis activity in the liver was evaluated via comet assay techniques.The apoptosis activity in the liver of control and exposure groups increased compared to the decrease in the essential substance provisions with the E-75 group reaching 129% (p < 0.05) higher levels compared to the C-75 group, and 98% (p < 0.05) and 23% (p > 0.05) higher in the E-30 and E-19 groups compared to the C-30 and C-19 groups, respectively.From the apoptosis results and clinical state evaluation, it is clearly demonstrated that the effectiveness of using apoptosis activity as a biomarker after CCL4 exposure and the vitamin and mineral absorption capability in male Wistar rats can be applied as an evaluating method for toxicological research.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Acute glufosinate-based herbicide treatment in rats leads to increased ocular interleukin-1β and c-Fos protein levels, as well as intraocular pressure

    包量

    机译 基于草铵膦的急性除草剂治疗可导致眼白细胞介素-1β和c-Fos蛋白水平升高，以及眼内压升高
    摘要：Keywords: c-fos, Glufosinate, Interleukin-1β, Intraocular pressure

    Abstract

    Glufosinate is a common herbicide with neurotoxic effects, leading to seizures, convulsions and memory loss. Glufosinate indirectly induces glutamate toxicity by inhibiting glutamine synthesis in astrocytes. Here, we studied the acute toxic effects of a glufosinate-based herbicide in rat optic nerve at three doses (40, 80 or 120 μM, equal to 714 or 21 mg/kg bw/day). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, glucose, calcium, as well as creatinine concentrations were analyzed after 24, 48 and 72 h treatment. Intraocular pressure (IOP) (expressed as the average of both eyes) was measured with a rebound tonometer. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and c-Fos expression were determined by immunohistochemistry. The results established that the glufosinate-based herbicide significantly increased IL-1β and c-Fos immunopositivity in the optic nerve (p < 0.05), concomitant with increased IOP. These results suggest that commercial formulations of glufosinate acutely affect the optic nerve.
  • 18.

    【2hr】Subacute and subchronic oral toxicity assessments of Acridocarpus smeathmannii (DC.) Guill. & Perr. root in Wistar rats

    包量

    机译 Acridocarpus smeathmannii（DC。）Guill的亚急性和亚慢性口腔毒性评估。 ＆Perr。根于Wistar大鼠
    摘要：Abbreviations: COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FSH, Follicle stimulating hormone; HEASR, hydroethanolic extract of A. Smeathmannii (DC.) root; HEASR4, 250 mg/kg ofhydroethanolic extract of A. Smeathmannii (DC.) root; HEASR5, 500 mg/kg ofhydroethanolic extract of A. Smeathmannii (DC.) root; HEASR6, 1000 mg/kg ofhydroethanolic extract of A. Smeathmannii (DC.) root; ROS, reactive oxygen speciesKeywords: Acridocarpus smeathmannii (DC.) root, Subacute toxicity, Subchronic toxicity, Wistar rats, Safety study, Toxicology

    Abstract

    Recent adverse herb reactions have stimulated interest documenting the safety profile of medicinal agents. Thus, subacute and subchronic oral toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract of Acridocarpus smeathmannii root (HEASR) in Wistar rats was investigated. In the 28 and 90-day subacute and subchronic toxicity tests, sixty-four rats (n = male: female = 1:1 = 32) were divided into four of eight/group and ninety-six (n = male: female = 1:1 = 48) into twelve/group respectively. Distilled water (10 mL/kg) or HEASR4, HEASR5 and HEASR6 (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day) respectively were administered via oral gavage. Animals were killed humanely 24 h after the last administration. Using standard methods, acute oral toxicity dose of HEAR (2000 mg/kg) was non-lethal in rodents. Subacute administration of HEASR6 increased total bilirubin (p < 0.05) in female rats. HEASR moderately altered both haematological and biochemical indices in rats. HEASR6 administration reduced ovary weight in both studies while follicle stimulating hormone level in male was reduced at all doses used. HEASR modulated lipid peroxidation, sperm quality and elevated cyclooxygenase-2 levels in rats. Histology revealed gastritis and congestions in vital organs. The low-observed adverse effect level for HEASR was below 250 mg/kg for both sexes. Overall, HEASR demonstrated inherent toxicity evidenced by our current findings. The exaggeration of its folklore medicine applications calls for cautions.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Microwave induced synthesis of ZnO nanorods and their efficacy as a drug carrier with profound anticancer and antibacterial properties

    包量

    机译 微波诱导的ZnO纳米棒的合成及其作为具有深层抗癌和抗菌特性的药物载体的功效
    摘要：Keywords: Anticancer, Antibacterial, Drug delivery, Quercetin, Zinc oxide nanorods

    Abstract

    In the present study, we report the microwave-induced synthesis of fluorescent zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO) and their usage as a cargo material to carry hydrophobic drug, quercetin. TEM and SEM showed the rod-shape morphology of our synthesized ZnO. XRD showed several diffraction peaks correspond to a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The optical and chemical natures of these nanorods were also confirmed from the UV-vis (showed a distinct absorption bands from 361 to 395 nm) and FTIR spectrum (showed absorption band specific to Zn—O stretching). The synthesized ZnO also showed fluorescence emission at around 550 nm when excited under UV irradiation. Quercetin was loaded onto ZnO surface via employing a metal ion-ligand coordination bond, (ZnO/QR), which exhibit pH-sensitive release behavior. ZnO/QR displayed superior drug loading content (42%) and loading efficiency (72.4%). in vitro assays showed that ZnO/QR exhibited higher anticancer, as well as antibacterial activities compared with free quercetin and ZnO. All these results highlight the synthesis of ZnO nanorods under microwave irradiation, which can be used as a plausible therapeutic option for bioimaging and drug delivery purpose.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Reprogramming of CaCo2 colorectal cancer cells after using the complex of poly-(N-vinylpyrrolidone) with small non-coding RNAs

    包量

    机译 使用聚（N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮）与小的非编码RNA的复合物后，对CaCo2大肠癌细胞进行重新编程
    摘要：Abbreviations: SncRNAs, small non-coding RNAs; miR, micro-RNA; piR, piwi-interacting RNA, P-element induced wimpy testis interacting RNA; IL, interleukin; CD, cluster of differentiation; DTT, dithyothreitol; MKI-67, marker of proliferation ki-67; OCT4, octamer-binding transcription factor 4; mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin; VMAF, musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma; PIWIL1, piwi-like protein 1; BACH1, BTB domain and CNC homolog 1; HMOX1, heme oxygenase 1; RB1, retinoblastoma 1; DICER1, ribonuclease III; AGO2, argonaute 2; HOXA10, homebox A10; KIR1DL2, CD158b, expressed on natural killer cells and a subset of T cells; TGFBR2, transforming growth factor beta receptor 2; ICOS1B, inducible T-cell co-stimulator; GITR3A, glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein; PNVP, poly-(N-vinylpyrrolidone); TNFRS6B, TNF receptor superfamily 6B; Wnt-1, wingless type MMTV integration site family, member 1; DNMT1, DNA methyltransferase 1; ERK1/2, extracellular signal regulated kinase ½; FGF2, fibroblast growth factor 2; iPS, induced pluripotent stem cells; H3K9me3, tri-methyl lysine 9 of histone H3; TSS, transcriptional start sites; HILI, human piwi; TE, transposon elementsKeywords: miRNA-152, piRNA-30074, Polymer carriers, CaCo2 colorectal adenocarcinoma, Reprogramming, Amphiphilic poly-(N-vinylpyrrolidone)

    Abstract

    Small non-coding RNAs control normal development and differentiation in the embryo. These regulatory molecules play a key role in the development of human diseases and are used often today for researching new treatments for different pathologies. In this study, CaCo2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells were initially epigenetically reprogrammed and transformed into CD4+ cells with nano-sized complexes of amphiphilic poly-(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) with miRNA-152 and piRNA-30074. The transformation of cells was confirmed by morphological and genetic changes in the dynamic of reprogramming. CD4+ lymphocytes marker was detected using immunofluorescence. Amphiphilic poly-(N-vinylpyrrolidone)/small non-coding RNAs complexes were investigated for transfection efficiency and duration of transfection of CaCo2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells using fluorescence.
题名 作者 来源 发表时间

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号