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Regulation of mammalian DNA methyltransferases: a route to new mechanisms

机译:哺乳动物DNA甲基转移酶的调控:新机制的途径

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摘要

DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) establish and maintain DNA methylation patterns at specific regions of the genome, thereby contributing to gene regulation. It is becoming evident that an intricate web of pathways target DNMTs to these genomic regions. Here, we review the understanding of these regulatory mechanisms and provide an overview of the new findings, emphasizing the emerging scenario in which several levels of regulation are coordinated to control DNMTs. The mechanisms involved include the dynamic interplay between interdependent post-translational modifications that regulate DNMTs, post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs and the emerging role of non-coding RNA in targeting mammalian DNMTs. The analysis of these mechanisms is imperative to the understanding of the role of DNA methylation in regulating gene expression during development and in disease.
机译:DNA甲基转移酶(DNMT)在基因组的特定区域建立并维持DNA甲基化模式,从而有助于基因调控。越来越明显的是,复杂的通路网络将DNMT靶向这些基因组区域。在这里,我们回顾了对这些监管机制的理解,并提供了新发现的概述,强调了新出现的情况,其中需要协调几个级别的监管以控制DNMT。涉及的机制包括调节DNMT的相互依赖的翻译后修饰之间的动态相互作用,miRNA的转录后调节以及非编码RNA在靶向哺乳动物DNMT中的新兴作用。对这些机制的分析对于理解DNA甲基化在发育和疾病中调控基因表达的作用至关重要。

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