Objective To analyze the related factors to multifidus muscle atrophy in patients with unilateral low back pain (LBP). Methods Sixty- two patients with unilateral LBP underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, and the medical history, visual analogue scale(VAS) and Oswestry disability index(ODI) were reviewed retrospectively. Results The his-tory of unilateral LBP was 16.6 ±8.3 months (3~42months), VAS score was 5.6 ±1.2, and ODI was 61.2 ±9.6%. The lean cross- sectional area (CSA) of multifidus muscle was 731.2±192.6mm2 at the ipsilateral side of LBP, significantly lower than that at the contralateral side (862.5±228.1mm2, P<0.001). The T2 signal intensity ratio of multifidus muscle was 2.02±0.21at the ipsi-lateral side of LBP, significantly higher than that at the contralateral side (1.75±0.15, P<0.001). Compared to contralateral multi-fidus muscle, the reduction of lean CSA was 15.3±4.9%, and the increase of T2 signal intensity ratio was 13.3±6.8%at the LBP side, and both were significantly correlated with the medical history, VAS score and ODI value. Conclusion The length of medi-cal history, VAS score and ODI were factors related to multifidus muscle atrophy in patients with LBP.%目的探讨单侧腰痛患者多裂肌萎缩的相关因素。方法单侧腰痛患者62例，记录腰痛时间长短，进行视觉模拟疼痛（VAS）评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评分，腰椎MRI进行病变节段多裂肌萎缩评估。结果单侧腰痛病史3~42个月，平均（16.6±8.3）个月；VAS评分5.6±1.2；ODI评分（61.2±9.6）%。疼痛侧多裂肌净横截面积（731.2±192.6）mm2，非疼痛侧多裂肌净横截面积（862.5±228.1）mm2，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。疼痛侧多裂肌T2信号比率2.02±0.21，非疼痛侧多裂肌T2信号比率1.75±0.15，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。以非疼痛侧为标准，疼痛侧多裂肌萎缩（15.3±4.9）%，T2信号比率增高（13.3±6.8）%，均与腰痛病史时间长短、VAS疼痛评分及ODI功能障碍指数呈正相关（P＜0.01）。结论腰痛病史时间长短、疼痛及功能障碍程度是引起腰痛患者多裂肌萎缩的相关因素。
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