依法监管，防治结合--美国学术不端治理体系的结构与特点

摘要

With the profound changes of academic ecosystem, research misconduct has become a serious phenomenon, and constructing a governance system for research misconduct has become a common practice for every government. The United States government has focused on issues of research misconduct since the beginning of the last century 80's. After more than thirty years, it has formed a system with clear structure and explicit responsibilities. Also it regulates according to law and combines control with prevention well. This paper tries to analyze the background and objective reason of the phenomenon of research misconduct from the perspective of academic system changes in postwar America. It also explores what institution system has been built by the US government for tackling the problem. Based on the analysis of the system structure and features, it can give enligThenment to us when we construct the related system.%随着学术生态系统发生深刻变化，学术不端现象开始凸显，构建学术不端治理体系已成为各国政府的普遍做法。美国从20世纪80年代初开始关注学术不端治理问题，经过三十多年建设，已经形成结构清晰、职责分明、依法监管、防治结合的学术不端治理体系。本文力图从美国战后学术系统变化的角度切入，深入剖析其学术不端现象产生的客观原因和背景以及政府为治理这一问题所进行的制度建设，并通过对其制度体系结构和特点的分析，为我国学术不端治理体系建设提供借鉴和启示。