高等职业技术教育的变化和发展

摘要

本文主要从历史和国际比较的视角，从高等职业技术教育的理念、制度以及课程三个层面入手，在参考有关研究文献和运用有关国家数据的基础上，对高等职业技术教育的生成、变化、基本特征以及近年来的改革趋势做简要论述。研究表明，尽管在理念、制度和课程设置等方面仍然存在较大差异，许多欧美国家及日本的职业技术教育已从过去主要处于中等教育阶段的职业教育机构或短期高等教育机构实施发展到高等教育本科阶段、甚至研究生教育阶段。在这一过程中，职业技术教育院校逐渐构成高等教育制度特别是终身教育制度的一个组成部分。%This study analyzes the emergence of,changes in,and distinguished characteristics as well as general trends of postsecondary vocational and technical education at the concept,system and curriculum levels by examining earlier research and national data from historical and comparative per-spectives.The study suggests that vocational and technical education has been transformed from short-cycled,secondary education into postsecondary and even graduate education in the US,Japan,and some European countries.It has become an integral part of national higher education systems and plays an increasingly important role in adult and continuing education.