本文基于2017 年全国21 省33 所高校的抽样调查数据,从就业状况、求职状况、教育状况、入学机会、经济环境等五个方面对高校毕业生的城乡差异进行了统计分析.实证研究的主要结论为:城镇户口学生上"985"和"211"等重点高校的机会是农村户口学生的2 倍多;城镇户口毕业生的月起薪比农村户口毕业生的月起薪平均高 14.4%;城镇户口毕业生的求职努力、求职意向和期望起薪都更高;尽管在成绩排名、奖学金、专业兴趣、学习时间投入等学业表现方面,城乡之间不存在显著的差异,但是城镇户口学生在能力增值方面自我评价更好.城乡差异的原因既表现在人力资本和社会资本等特征水平上,也与家庭所在地资本有关.%Based on a national scale survey of 33 universities in 21 provinces of China in 2017,this study analyzes the employment gaps,job searching gaps,academic performance gaps,entrance oppor-tunity gaps,economical resource gaps of college graduates between urban and rural Background.The empirical research results find that:urban students have twice as much the chance of entering into"985"and "211"elite universities as rural students have;the monthly starting salary premium of urban college graduates is 14.4%;urban college graduates devote more effort in job search and have higher expectation of job and initial salary;although there is no significant gaps in grade ranking,scholarship, professional interest,and study time,urban college graduates give higher self-evaluation on ability im-provement in university.The gaps between urban and rural graduates are mainly due to the differences in human capitals and social capitals,as well as capitals related to the family origins.
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