气象因素对甘蔗花芽分化及抽穗率的影响

摘要

对五指山市甘蔗开花辅助点6个甘蔗品种连续4年的花芽分化期物候资料及同期温度和湿度等气象资料进行了对比分析,结果发现:不同年份甘蔗花芽分化时期及抽穗率差异达显著或极显著水平,其差异与植株发育期间当地气候条件有关.花芽分化前40天内,气温较低和湿度较高的年份有利于甘蔗花芽的分化;当甘蔗进入孕穗期,平均气温及平均湿度偏高的年份有利于花穗的抽出,可显著提高抽穗率;反之,孕穗期间温度偏低的年份易导致花芽分化迟缓滞后,导致孕穗失败.统计结果还表明,未分化前适度低温有利于甘蔗花芽分化.%A comparative analysis between phenological data of flower bud differentiation stage and meteorological data of temperature and humidity in the same period was conducted in 6 sugarcane varieties from Wuzhishan for 4 successive years. The result indicated that the difference of the period of sugarcane flower bud differentiation and tassel rations were significant or greatly significant in different years. The differences were related to the local climate condition during plant development. Within 40 days before flowering-beginning, lower temperature and higher humidity were beneficial to the floral initiation and differentiation. At sugarcane booting stage higher average temperature and humidity were advantageous to heading and significantly improved the earing rates, otherwise, leaded to flower bud slow differentiation and booting failure. The statistical results also suggested that moderate low temperature before differentiation was good for sugarcane flower bud differentiation.