发展性阅读障碍与工作记忆损伤研究进展

摘要

Developmental dyslexia ( DD) is a common learning disability which can make negative effect on children's school learning. Recently, working memory has been regarded as a main factor of developmental dyslexia, and it also has provided a new perspective for the study. The sub-components of working memoy can effect reading pro-cess both as whole and independently. This review based on Baddley's multi-component model of working memory:three separable components as central executive shifting, updating and inhibition are all closely correlated to read-ing comprehension; the impairment of phonological loop is the core reason of developmental dyslexia; visual-spatial sketchpad contribute to orthographic regularity and reasoning, but the studies hold heterogeneity. In addition, Chi-nese developmental dyslexia may hold it's own features. To sum up, although the results of past studies remain some difference, it all shows that working memory has important impact on developmental dyslexia. The studies of relationship between working memory and developmental dyslexia can provide effective ways for the treatment of the disease.%发展性阅读障碍是一种常见的学习障碍, 而工作记忆损伤是造成发展性阅读障碍的一个重要因素. 工作记忆的三个子成分分别与发展性阅读障碍存在一定关系: 中央执行器的三项功能均与阅读能力密切相关; 语音环损伤是造成阅读障碍的主要因素, 并对词汇识别和句子理解产生影响; 视觉工作记忆影响正字法意识、 推理及句子理解等. 另外, 中文发展性阅读障碍的机制可能与拼音文字不同. 对工作记忆与发展性阅读障碍关系的研究将为发展性阅读障碍的矫治提供更多可能.