信念失落与悲剧人格——王国维杂剧评介观的成因与再思

摘要

王国维对元杂剧的类型划分和品评准则,深受西方思想家叔本华意志哲学的影响.然而这种影响得以发生的前提,正是基于王氏自身的"性复忧郁"和对人生意义问题的苦苦思索.王氏最终否定并抛弃了叔本华拒绝生活意志、以求获得解放的主张,而陷入到了彻底的悲剧人生论.这正是王氏推崇"以死殉道"的《窦娥冤》《赵氏孤儿》,列其为"世界级悲剧"的根本原因.此外,对于王国维自身来说,对叔本华悲观哲学的汲取,也在一定程度上导致了其命运的悲剧.%Wang Guo-wei's critiques on Yuan zaju was deeply influenced by Schopenhauer.This was due to his melancholic personality and his thoughts on the meaning of life.In the end,he rejected Schopenhauer's purposal of sacrificing will for freedom,and became deeply pessimistic about life. This is why Wang saw The Injustice against Dou-E and The Orphan of Zhao as world class tragedies. Schopenhauer's influence also contributed to Wang's own life tragedy.