精准农业是近年来国际上农业科学研究的热点领域,是现代信息技术和传统农业紧密结合的产物.近红外光谱技术(NIRS)作为一种无损、实时、准确的分析手段,在土壤学领域的应用逐渐得到了人们的重视,是实现精准农业的有效手段之一.对其目前在土壤学领域的应用进行了介绍和分析,认为NIRS在土壤学领域的发展方向应该是田间信息实时采集技术,即在田间条件下利用便携式NIRS分析仪对土壤养分和农作物苗情进行实时分析和处理,另外NIRS还可以与空间遥感技术相结合,宏观掌握农作物所需营养及其长势信息,从根本上改变我国粗放型农业现状.%"Digital agriculture" or "precision agriculture" is an important direction of modern agriculture technique. It is the combination of the modern information technique and traditional agriculture and becomes a hotspot field in international agriculture research in recent years. As a nondestructive, real-time, effective and exact analysis technique, near infrared spectroscopy, by which precision agriculture could be carried out, has vast prospect in agrology and gradually gained the recognition. The present paper intends to review the basic theory of near infrared spectroscopy and its applications in the field of agrology,pointing out that the direction of NIR in agrology should based on portable NIR spectrograph in order to acquire qualitative or quantitative information from real-time measuring in field. In addition, NIRS could be combined with space remote sensing to macroscopically control the way crop is growing and the nutrition crops need, to change the current state of our country's agriculture radically.
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