海南省商品有机肥的组成与养分状况研究

摘要

[目的]为了解海南省商品有机肥质量状况,分析海南省商品有机肥的理化性质以及元素组成.[方法]将采集的有机肥样品经过预处理测定了有机肥的鲜样含水量、有机质含量、pH值、氮、磷以及钾的含量.同时还测定了有机肥的灰分、腐殖酸含量以及中微量元素的含量.[结果]商品有机肥的合格率为7.84％,按照有机肥原料来源将合格率从大到小排序:植物性有机肥(合格率=33.33％)＞海藻类有机肥(合格率=25.00％)＞不明来源商品有机肥(合格率=11.11％);鱼虾有机肥、羊粪有机肥、牛骨粉有机肥以及黄腐酸有机肥中没有合格产品.有机肥理化性状与营养元素含量的分布范围较大,理化性质中的鲜样含水量、pH、有机质含量、灰分以及腐殖酸含量的范围分别为1.4％ ～67.9％、3.41 ～9.49、8.36％～83.01％、22.81％～85.67％、85.24～871.49 mg/kg;N、P2O5、K2O、Ca、Mg、S、Fe以及Mn的含量的变化范围分别是:0.24％～10.16％、0.21％ ～7.10％、0.19％ ～8.48％、0.02 ～ 3.37 g/kg、0.03～0.78 g/kg、0.60 ～ 2.48 g/kg、0.34～17.65 g/kg、0.01～ 0.27 g/kg.测定指标中除鲜样含水量和Ca含量之外,其余指标的分布特征均符合正态分布.[结论]海南省商品有机肥质量状况总体较差,不同有机肥之间营养元素以及理化性质等指标的差异较大.%[Objective] In order to understand the quality of commercial organic fertilizer in Hainan province,the physical and chemical properties and elemental composition of these samples were analyzed.[Method] The fresh water content,organic matter content,pH value,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content of the collected commercial organic fertilizer were measured.At the same time,the content of ash,humic acid and trace elements in the organic fertilizer also was determined.[Result]The qualified rate of commercial organic fertilizer is 7.84 ％.The passing rate of organic fertilizer from order of large to small according to sources of different organic fertilizer raw materials is:plant organic fertilizer (qualified rate =33.33 ％) ＞ seaweed organic fertilizer (qualified rate of =25.00 ％) ＞ unknown source of commercial organic fertilizer (qualified rate of =11.11％).There is no qualified product in fish organic fertilizers,sheep manure organic fertilizer,bone powder organic fertilizers and fulvic acid organic fertilizers.The distribution ranges of organic fertilizers physical and chemical properties and nutrient elements content of was very large.The ranges of fresh water content,pH,organic matter content,ash content and humic acid content in the physical and chemical properties were 1.4 ％-67.9 ％,3.41％-9.49 ％,8.36 ％ ～ 83.01％,22.81％-85.67 ％ and 85.24-871.49 mg/kg,respectively.The change ranges of nitrogen content,P2O5 content,K2 O content,Ca content,Mg content,S content,Fe content and Mn content were 0.24 ％-10.16 ％,0.21％ ～7.10 ％,0.19 ％-8.48 ％,0.02-3.37 g/kg,0.03-0.78 g/kg,0.60-2.48 g/kg,0.34 ～ 17.65 g/kg,0.01-0.27 g/kg.The distribution characteristics of the measured parameters are in accord with the normal distribution except of the fresh water content and Ca content.[Conclusion]The quality status of commercial organic fertilizer in Hainan province was poor.The difference of nutrient content and physical and chemical properties between different types of organic fertilizers was very lager.