纬度和海拔二维因素对云南烟叶化学成分的影响

摘要

[目的]云南烤烟种植分布广泛,纬度和海拔的分布可能导致烟叶品质的差异,为了探讨烤烟随纬度、海拔的梯度变化而产生的适应性变化.[方法]本研究通过调查对比云南北纬23°～ 27°、海拔1200～ 2200 m烤烟种植区域内中部烟叶化学成分,分析烟叶化学成分与纬度、海拔分布之间的关系.[结果]结果表明:烟叶总糖和还原糖含量随纬度变化差异显著,烟叶总糖和还原糖含量随纬度增加呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,北纬25°～ 26°的烟叶总糖和还原糖含量高于其余纬度带;烟叶总氮和烟碱含量与纬度和海拔变化差异不显著,主要受土壤环境与施氮量影响;烟叶钾和氯含量随海拔变化差异显著,随海拔升高烟叶钾含量呈下降趋势,而烟叶氯含量呈增加趋势.[结论]综合研究表明,云南烟区北纬25°～ 26°,烟叶总糖和还原糖含量高,总氮和烟碱含量低,钾和氯含量中等,烟叶化学成分协调性、稳定性较好.%[Objective] Flue-cured tobacco had been planted widely in Yunnan province.The distribution of the latitude and altitude could cause the quality of flue-cured tobacco with a significant difference.The paper mainly studied tobacco adaptability for the latitude and altitude gradient change.[Method] This study compared central leaf chemical composition of tobacco planted in 23-27 degrees North latitude,altitude 1200-2200 m flue-cured tobaccos growing area,analyzed the relationship between the tobacco chemical components and the latitude,altitude distribution.[Result] The results showed that with the increasing latitude,the total sugar and reduced sugar in flue-cured tobacco had a tendency to first increase then decrease.The content of total sugar and reduced sugar in flue-cured tobacco planted in 25-26 degrees North latitude was significantly higher than that in the rest area.There were no significant differences in the total nitrogen and nicotine in flue-cured tobacco between different latitudes and altitudes,which were mainly affected by the soil environment and the level of nitrogen.The potassium in flue-cured tobacco was located in decline,while the chlorine in flue-cured tobacco was on the rise with the increasing latitude.[Conclusion] Integrated study indicated that 25-26 degrees North latitude were adaptable range.The flue-cured tobacco had the best coordination.